Life Cycle Assessment

Transcription

1 Life Cycle Assessment

2 Systems Thinking: Electric Cars Example Petrol Car Electric Car 115 g CO 2 emissions / km 0 g CO 2 emissions / km Coal Source Electricity Raw Materials Manufacturing Car Operation Disposal 282 gco 2 emissions / km

3 Imbalance Results in Multiple Sustainability Challenges Decreasing Abilities Increasing Needs Climate Change Deforestation Pollution

4 Sustainable Development & Three Pillars Environmental Natural Capital Use Pollution Prevention Reduce Climate Change Social Living Standards Education Human Rights Economic Cost Savings Economic Growth Sustainable Development Development that meets present needs without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs

5 Tools for Measurement of Sustainability Measurement of Effective Utilization of Natural Resources Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Ecosystem Services Material Flow Analysis (MFA) Energy and Carbon Footprints Measurement of Effective Utilization of Economic Resources Life Cycle Costs Techno-Economic Analysis Measurement of Effective Utilization of Social Resources Social LCA Customer Surveys

6 What is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) & Its Steps LCA is a Tool to Measure and Quantify Environmental Impacts of a Product, Process or a Service 1 Goal & Scope Definition 4 2 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data Collection Interpretation of Results & Corrective Actions to be Taken 3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) LCA Steps According to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard

7 Sources of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data Collection Primary Data (You Collect from Onsite) High Quality Data but skewed when larger industry perspective need to be understood Secondary Databases Ecoinvent USLCI ILCD Industry Consortium and Industry Association World Steel Association for Steel Data Aluminum Association for Aluminum Data Patents and Academic Literature

8 Inputs Related Environmental Impacts Resource Use Coal Crude Oil Metal Ores Minerals Water Biomass Depletion-Midpoint Environmental Impacts Resource Depletion Potential Water Depletion Potential Metal Depletion Potential

9 Outputs Related Environmental Impacts Pollution Load Atmospheric Emissions Water Discharges Solid Waste Target Contaminant CO 2, SO 2, NO x Particulate Matter VOCs, PAHs, HFCs Nutrients Heat Toxic Chemicals Soil Contaminants Toxic Leachate Midpoint Environmental Impacts Global Warming Potential Acidification Potential Carcinogenic Potential Ozone Depletion Potential Eutrophication Potential Ecotixicity Potential Midpoint Is a Potential for Environmental Damage But not Actual Damage

10 Step 3: Translating LCI Data to Environmental Impacts Mid Point Impacts Target Contaminants CO 2 SO x, NO x Particulate Matter HFCs, VOCs, PAHs Nutrients Hydrosphere Heat & Radiation Atmosphere Fate & Transport Resource Consumption Mid Point Impacts End Point Impacts Global Warming Potential (kg CO 2 eq.) Human Health Acidification (DALY) Potential (kg SO 2 eq.) (Disability Adjusted Life Yrs.) Cancer & Non Cancer Effects (CTU h ) Quantity Released Ecosystem Quality Resp. Effects (LCI Data) (PDF) PM 2.5 eq. X (Physically Disappeared Fraction/yr.) Characterization Factor Eutroph. Kg N eq. Lithosphere Ozone Dep. Potential (kg CFC-11 Resource eq.) Depletion (MJ) Ecotoxicity (CTU e ) Smog (kg O 3 eq.) Fossil Fuel Depletion (MJ Surplus)

11 Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methods Midpoint Impact Assessment Methods ReCiPe (Europe and World) CML2000 ILCD 2011 Ecoindcator-99 TRACI (Americas) Endpoint Impact Assessment Methods ReCiPe (Endpoint) Ecoindicator-99 Single Issue Methods IPCC Method for Global Warming potential Cumulative Energy Demand Method

12 Interpretation- Where LCA Results Are Used Manufacturing Identify Potential Hospots (Env. Impacts of Using Metal Catalyst is High. Can I Change to Enzyme Catalyst?) How Can I Apply LCA Results Government Promoting Sustainable Transportation (e.g. Biofuels for Transport)

13 Interpretation- Where LCA Results Are Used Innovation Early Stage Decision Making (Impacts of Nanoproducts) How Can I Apply LCA Results Supply Chain Optimization of Supply Chain (Deliver Product to Customers the Most Effcient & Environmentally Friendly Way)

14 Most Common Software Used for Conducting LCAs LCA Analytics Baseline: Results of System Modeled Uncertainty Analysis: Variation with Data Changes Contribution Analysis: How much each lifecycle stage contributes Sensitivity Analysis: Validating the sensitivity of Data & Assumptions

15 Global Warming Potential (GWP) Impact Pathway Ecotec Report, Brussels, 2016 Global Warming Potentials (GWP) of Greenhouse Gases CO2 = 1 kg CO2 eq. CH 4 = 21 times higher than CO 2 (1 kg CH 4 = 21 kg CO 2 eq.) N 2 O = 310 times higher than CO 2 (1kg N 2 O = 310 kg CO 2 eq.) SF 6 = 23,900 times higher than CO 2 (1 kg SF 6 = CO 2 eq.)

16 Thankyou!!