EDF HYDRO-MONITORING NETWORK

Transcription

1 Belle photo ici EDF HYDRO-MONITORING NETWORK How and Why EDF measure rivers discharge? Alexandre Hauet IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging Lyon -- September 2-4, 2018

2 EDF : ELECTRICITY OF FRANCE EDF is one of the world's largest producers of electricity. 20% of the European Union's electricity Covering the entire business chain: generation, networks, sales & marketing, trading Nuclear, Hydropower, Fossil-fired, Gas, Other renewables INSTALLED CAPACITY IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 2

3 EDF : ELECTRICITY OF FRANCE 39.1 million customers 158,467 employees worldwide IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 3

4 HYDROPOWER AT EDF Largest producer of hydroelectricity in Europe and France 640 dams (150 dams high > 20m) 439 hydropower plants Installed capacity 20 GW 60 TWh produced in 2012 Run-of-rivers and flexible power plants IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 4

5 EDF : A WEATHER-SENSITIVE COMPANY Hydrometeorological hazard A chance : free and renewable material for hydropower, cooling for nuclear A constraint : sharing of the resource (agriculture, tourism) A potential threat : safety and security of dams and plants during floods Hydrometeorological monitoring and forecasting Since 1946 IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 5

6 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF A measurement network : 350 rain gauges stations Temperature sensor Tipping bucket rain gauge IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 6

7 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF A measurement network : 50 snow gauges stations 100 snow probes Cosmic Radiation Gauge : Measurement of natural radiation levels that vary depending on the volume of water in the snowpack. Cosmic Radiation Gauge IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 7

8 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF A measurement network : 50 snow gauges stations 100 snow probes Cosmic Radiation Gauge : Measurement of natural radiation levels that vary depending on the volume of water in the snowpack. Cosmic Radiation Gauge IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 8

9 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF A measurement network : 300 hydrometric stations, mostly stage/discharge Gauge staff Stage sensor Stage measurement using intrusive and non intrusive sensors IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 9

10 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Discharge data Measurement of stage at hydrometric station Converted onto discharge via a rating curve Rating curve based on gaugings Index Velocity stations 2 stations using Side Looking ADCP 2 stations using US Time transit IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 10

11 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Gauging methods : Velocity-Area methods using current meters (40% of the gaugings) Mostly using mechanical current meters Acoustic and electromagnetic current meters IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 11

12 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Gauging methods : Velocity-Area methods using current meters (40% of the gaugings) Mostly using mechanical current meters Acoustic and electromagnetic current meters Velocity-Area methods using ADCP (45 % of the gaugings) About 20 ADCPs Mostly TRDI (SP, RG, RR); 4 SonTek M9 IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 12

13 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Gauging methods : Velocity-Area methods using current meters (40% of the gaugings) Mostly using mechanical current meters Acoustic and electromagnetic current meters Velocity-Area methods using ADCP (45 % of the gaugings) About 20 ADCPs Mostly TRDI (SP, RG, RR); 4 SonTek M9 Dye dilution (15% of the gaugings) Tracers : Fluorescent tracers : Rhodamine WT Salt NaCl Injection of the tracer : Constant discharge Instantaneous IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 13

14 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Gauging methods : Velocity-Area methods using current meters (40% of the gaugings) Mostly using mechanical current meters Acoustic and electromagnetic current meters Velocity-Area methods using ADCP (45 % of the gaugings) About 20 ADCPs Mostly TRDI (SP, RG, RR); 4 SonTek M9 Dye dilution (15% of the gaugings) Tracers : Fluorescent tracers : Rhodamine WT Salt NaCl Injection of the tracer : Constant discharge Instantaneous About 900 gaugings per year (1 to 20 / station / year) IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 14

15 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MONITORING AT EDF Measurement network : More than 1000 teletransmitted stations Stations are located mostly in mountains 3 teams and about 60 field hydrologists Headquarter in Grenoble Partnership with other producers of data EDF Météo France French state agencies Others Discharge IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 15 Rain

16 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL FORECASTING AT EDF Forecasting for : Hydro climatic risk prevention Management and optimization of production facilities Production planning Environmental and regulatory compliance Short, medium and long range forecasts From several hours to several months Forecast updates produced in France About 30 information and forecast updates every day Cover all regions equipped with electricity production facilities particularly mountain areas. Alert periods : real-time information updates and telephone assistance for teams in the field. 2 teams and about 40 forecasters; 4 forecasters for a 24/7 hotline IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 16

17 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL FORECASTING AT EDF Models developed in-house Mordor : conceptual hydrological model providing short and long range flow forecasts (up to 1 year). takes into account the impact of rain and snowfall. Short term (D to D+6): Close to the event to anticipate peak flow value and time Deterministic model 1 scenario of rain and temperature Recalibration with observed data Mid term (D to D+13): Taking into account uncertainties Probabilistic model with 50 scenarios Ensemble predictions (CEP + analogues) for rain and temperature Recalibration with observed data IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 17

18 THE JUNE 2013 FLOOD IN THE PYRENEES An exceptional snowfall during winter Alt : 2000 m IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 18

19 THE JUNE 2013 FLOOD IN THE PYRENEES An exceptional snowfall during winter IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 19

20 THE JUNE 2013 FLOOD IN THE PYRENEES An exceptional snowfall during winter High flows due to a rainy spring Saturated soils an ideal situation for the generation of floods. And it rained a lot!! 36h radar cumulative rf IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 20

21 THE JUNE 2013 FLOOD IN THE PYRENEES Important flood event 50 years return period on most watersheds of the Pyrenees IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 21

22 FLOODS : NEEDS AND HYDROMETRIC ISSUES Safe production of electricity during flood Flooding of security sensitive area Damage of the structure Non aggravation of the downstream flood Public safety downstream dams A good knowledge of flood discharge is crucial! but Measuring flood discharge is impossible with conventional methods Unsteady flows vs. gauging duration Dangerous flows vs. intrusive measurement methods IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 22

23 FLOODS : NEEDS AND HYDROMETRIC ISSUES Safe production of electricity during flood Flooding of security sensitive area Damage of the structure Non aggravation of the downstream flood Public safety downstream dams A good knowledge of flood discharge is crucial! but Measuring flood discharge is impossible with conventional methods Unsteady flows vs. gauging duration!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Dangerous flows vs. intrusive measurement methods IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 23

24 MEASURING FLOOD DISCHARGE Need for : Safe measurement methods Fast measurement methods Non intrusive discharge measurement methods : Surface Velocity Radar Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 24

25 MEASURING FLOOD DISCHARGE Surface Velocity Radar Discharge IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 25

26 LSPIV : AN INTERESTING ALTERNATIVE FOR FLOOD LSPIV : Large Scale Particle Image Velocimetry IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 26

27 LSPIV : AN INTERESTING ALTERNATIVE FOR FLOOD Advantages : 2-D instantaneous velocity field at the free-surface Non contact measurements (safe, convenient) Benefits of the development of digital imagery Applications up to now : Mainly research purposes / Few industrial applications Industrial application of LSPIV by EDF : our philosophy Install fixed LSPIV stations in addition to the classical hydrometric network LSPIV method is not dedicated to continuously measure discharge (no tracers at low or normal flow) LSPIV is another gauging method that is added to the hydrometric toolbox, for high flows. Classical gauging methods still used for lower flows (less uncertainty) IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 27

28 FIXED LSPIV STATIONS Equipment of LSPIV fixed stations camera connected to an industrial rugged PC Scripts capture sequences of images at a given frequency Images stored on the computer and on an external memory drive. Transmission system (ADSL or 3G) remote connection and downloading of the images. Connected to the data logger of the hydrometric station gives water stage LSPIV analysis conducted after flood event, at the office Using Fudaa-LSPIV, a home made free software (available on the internet) IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 28

29 LA VOIRON : FLOOD EVENT ANALYSIS Flood of July 29th 2014 : LSPIV analysis of 20 sequences of images from 5 to 20 m 3 /s 20 discharge measurements in a one day flood event!! Uncertainty of LSPIV discharge estimated about 15% LSPIV measurements tend to validate the actual rating curve IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 29

30 GAUGING ON YOUTUBE : LSPIV FOR WITNESSES MOVIES June 2013 flood in the Pyrenees EDF station of Cauteret destroyed by the flood (movie at 02:30) Hundreds of home movies of the flood on YouTube IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 30

31 HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR IMPROVING RATING CURVES Rating curves have large uncertainties at high flows Use of 1D hydraulic model to constraint the rating curve Topographic survey For our 300 hydrometric stations 1D hydraulic model Mascaret IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 31

32 UNCERTAINTIES IN HYDROMETRY Uncertainties of discharge measurements : Development of the Flaure method for current meter measurements IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 32

33 UNCERTAINTIES IN HYDROMETRY Uncertainties of discharge measurements : Development of the Flaure method for current meter measurements Field interlaboratory experiments : Current meters and ADCP regattas IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 33

34 UNCERTAINTIES IN HYDROMETRY Uncertainties of discharge measurements : Development of the Flaure method for current meter measurements Field interlaboratory experiments : Current meters and ADCP regattas Uncertainties on discharge estimates : Development of the GesDyn method IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 34

35 CONCLUSION IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 35

36 CONCLUSION Innovative measurement methods Uncertainties Use of hydraulic model IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 36

37 CONCLUSION Innovative measurement methods And more.!!! Uncertainties Use of hydraulic model IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 37

38 CONCLUSION Innovative measurement methods And more.!!! Thank you! Uncertainties Use of hydraulic model IAHR WMO IAHS Training Course on Stream Gauging 38