HABs - Nutrients. Panel 1 presentations Nutrients. Ed Verhamme Joe DePinto John Bratton Dan Rucinski Todd Redder Derek Schlea. Ed Verhamme LimnoTech

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1 Panel 1 presentations Nutrients Ed Verhamme LimnoTech 37 HABs - Nutrients GLC HABS Collaboratory December 15, 15 Ed Verhamme Joe DePinto John Bratton Dan Rucinski Todd Redder Derek Schlea 38 1

2 HABs Nutrient Concerns External Loads Detroit River infrequent monitoring & reporting of loads (Dolan, UM WC) Maumee River SRP (UP) & TP (DOWN ) (Heidelberg) Watershed/land use changes? (LimnoTech) Internal Loads Sediment & porewater contribution Resuspension (short and long term) Surface sediment P changes (increased importance?) Internal processing (Mussels??) Role of Nitrogen Very difficult to manage, but linked to toxin production Maumee River Spring Load (source Heidelberg) 39 What are we doing? Monitoring & Experiments Loads (UM & Heidelberg) Sediment flux studies (1 GLRI) Sonde network (& its real-time!!!) Others?? (e.g. remote sensing, planes, auv..) Modeling Nutrient mass balance for all major embayments(saginaw, Western Lake Erie, & Green Bay) Watershed modeling (nutrient sources $$$$) Multi-class phytoplankton model w/focus on HABs Data on loads, sediments, in-situ observations Modeling forces collaboration, reflection, and brainstorming, between all disciplines Data Management Modeling requires good data management Used by other stakeholder groups (HABs forecast) GLOS is providing tools and online resources for HABs IAGLR 1 -Session 8. Big Bays Big Problems: Research and Management of Great Lake Embayments, Chaired by Ed Verhamme, Val Klump and Craig Stow

3 Webinar TOMORROW 11am Over 3 registered 37 states countries from USEPA HABs & Drinking water Cyanotoxin 1 1km Model Other Partners: Saginaw Valley State University Nature Conservancy 3

4 LimnoTech contribution 3 Western Lake Erie Ecosystem Model (WLEEM) Huron Detroit Raisin Stony Otter Ottawa Maumee Cedar Portage

5 Phosphorus Cycling in AEM Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (RDOP/LDOP) Mineralization K M Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) Adsorption Desorption Particulate Inorganic P (sorbed to NVSS) Hydrolysis Particulate Organic Phosphorus Deposition (RPOP/LPOP) V s K H V r Resuspension Death D G p p Algal P V s Deposition Growth Sediment Diffusion Deposition J p V s V r Water Column Resuspension Diagenesis of POP Sediment Bed 5 Data Credit: T. Bridgeman, University of Toledo 5

6 WLEEM TP Simulations (11-1) 7 8

7 Center slice down axis of Green Bay Aug, 11 Aug 8,

8 Toledo Intake HABs Real-Time Monitoring Toledo Oregon Port Clinton Marblehead Elyria 5 8

9 5/18/1 GLOS HABs Data Viewer Share your data 53 Oregon Intake Microcystin Microcystin 1-Minute BGA Daily BGA Mycrocystin (ug/l) /15/15 Phycocyanin/Blue-Green Algae (RFU) /3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 5 9

10 HABs Resources Tool 55 HABs Resources Tool Underlying Assumption: Data/product partners use some type of web service to facilitate data sharing (virtuous data management) 5 1

11 .5 Million people drink water in Ohio 57 How can real-time data be used? Are HABs present in source water? Are HAB levels increasing or decreasing? 58 11

12 59 Oregon Intake Real-Time Data vs Microcystin Samples Phycocyanin/Blue-Green Algae (RFU) Turbidity (NTU) Phycocyanin/Blue- Green Chlorophyll Algae (RAW) (RFU) /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 YSI Oregon Intake Oregon Intake /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Turbidity Oregon Intake /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Chlorophyll BGAMicrocystin Oregon Intake Microcystin (ug/l) Microcystin (ug/l) Chlorophyll Microcystin (RFU) (ug/l) 1

13 5/18/ /15/15-1 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Oregon Intake /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 Microcystin (ug/l) Specific Conductivity (μs/cm) PH 9/13/15 Microcystin (ug/l) PH Oregon Intake Real-Time Data vs Microcystin Samples 1/13/ /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Water Temperature Microcystin (ug/l) Water Temperature ( C) Specific Conductivity 1 Near Real-Time Blue-Green Algae at the Ottawa County Intake Microcystin Daily BGA 1-Minute BGA Mycrocystin (ug/l) No raw water samples No raw water samples 3 1 7/15/15-1 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Phycocyanin/Blue-Green Algae (RFU) 13-13

14 Phcocyanin/Blue-Green Algae (RFU) Turbidity (NTU) Phcocynanin/Blue- Chlorophyll Green Algae (RAW) (RFU) 1 8-7/15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 YSI Toledo LSPS Raw Water Microcystin /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Turbidity Raw Water Microcystin Toledo Intake Real-Time Data vs Microcystin Samples - 7/15/15 7/15/15 7/3/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 1/13/15 ChlorophyllBGA Raw Chlorophyll Water Microcystin Microcystin(ug/L) Microcystin(ug/L) Microcystin(ug/L) Chlorophyll (RFU) PH Specific Conductivity (μs/cm) /15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 PH Raw Water Microcystin Water Temperature ( C) 75 7/15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Specific Conductivity Raw Water Microcystin 5 15 Toledo Intake Real-Time Data vs Microcystin Samples 1 7/15/15 7/3/15 8/1/15 8/9/15 9/13/15 9/8/15 1/13/15 Water Temperature Raw Water Microcystin Microcystin(ug/L Microcystin(ug/L Microcystin(ug/L 1

15 Panel 1 presentations Nutrients Justin Chaffin Ohio State University 5 Nutrients and HABs Justin Chaffin Ohio State University Stone Lab, Ohio Sea Grant Chaffin.@osu.edu Images: J. Chaffin 15

16 Nutrients help us answer HABs questions Cyanobacteria biomass External P loads and Cyanobacteria biomass in Lake Erie Cyanobacteria collectively N-fixing genera vs. non-n-fixing genera TN:TP or dissolved inorganic N concentrations Toxic strains vs. non-toxic strains of Microcystis Bloom progression from toxic to non-toxic Why are there different genera, species, and strains occurring in different waters? 7 3 genera bloom forming cyanobacteria in Lake Erie Western basin and Sandusky Bay have similar N and P profiles (eutrophic) N and/or P limited (Chaffin et al., 13; Davis et al., 15). Different cyanobacteria Other drivers such as light and hydrology Central basin low N and P (meso-oligotrophic) Trace nutrient limitation, such as Iron (North et al., 7) Evidence that HABs are not always associated with high N and P concentrations Microcystis in western basin Planktothrix in Sandusky Bay Dolichospermum(Anabaena)in central basin NOAA HAB bulletin, July

17 Long-term patterns of N and P in western LE Is the Lake trending towards more nitrogen limitation? Impact on biomass or cyanobacteria community structure? N-fixers vs non-n-fixers; Toxic vs non-toxic strains of Microcystis? July-September data from multiple sources Chaffin and Bridgeman unpublished 9 Nitrogen-HAB questions More forms than just nitrate Ammonium, organic N Ammonium in lowest concentration because algae favorite N source Impacts on biomass and toxin production? (Triggers, Toxicity discussions) Can models be used to predict N form and concentration, and ultimately microcystin production? Assimilation and regeneration rates River loads, Atmospheric deposition 7 17

18 Panel 1 discussion Nutrients What are the 1-3 top questions that can be worked on through the HABs Collaboratory? What is the contribution of nutrient cycling to bloom growth? Get at recycling rates Dissimilatory processes also important Value in comparing different systems to understand how drivers are acting differently What are the linkages between nutrients and other factors (e.g., light, temp, etc.) in HAB formation? Myth: N is hard to control How are various triggers interacting within a system? How do nutrients control species composition and strain? Role of oxygen /hypoxia in N and P and trace nutrient cycling What is role of N in controlling Toxic vs non-toxic strains of Microcystis? Role of carbon? How do we reduce the bloom and reduce the problem? 71 18