Practice Ecology Test

Transcription

1 1. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules in the roots of legumes. Both of them benefit. This is an example of A) commensalism B) predation C) parasitism D) mutualism E) competition 2. Epiphytes grow in the branches of trees to maximize light exposure, with no ill effect on the tree. This is an example of A) mutualism B) commensalism C) competition D) predation E) parasitism 3. Base your answer to the following question on the following information. Grasshoppers are either green or brown. The green grasshoppers live mostly in soil, while brown grasshoppers do not live in soil. Students conducted an experiment to determine the survival rate of the grasshoppers in different environments. 250 grasshoppers of each color were released in each of the different habitats. Each grasshopper was tagged in order to distinguish experimental grasshoppers from non-experimental grasshoppers. After five days, all tagged grasshoppers were recaptured and counted. Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) More green grasshoppers survive in sand than brown grasshoppers. B) Birds are a major predator to grasshoppers. C) Fewer green grasshoppers survive when birds are present than brown grasshoppers. D) More total grasshoppers survive when birds are not present. E) Grasshoppers have a higher rate of survival in habitats with birds.

2 4. Interspecific competition would most likely result from A) speciation B) separation of the niches of two species C) overlap of the niches of two species D) a new type of mating behavior E) one of the populations mortality rate decreasing 5. Base your answer to the following question on the 5 lettered headings listed below. Select the single heading that most directly applies to the subsequent statement. Each heading may be used once, more than once, or not at all within its group. 7. Biomagnification occurs when A) small populations of bacteria become larger due to loss of the predator population B) minute levels of toxins become more concentrated in successive trophic levels C) pest populations are bred to increase crop production D) a specific population reaches carrying capacity E) toxins are removed from an entire ecosystem 8. Base your answer to the following question on the drawing below of the pyramid of energy and numbers. (A) Mutualism (B) Parasitism (C) Commensalism (D) Interspecific Competition (E) Predation This interaction is represented by (+/-). A) A and B B) A and E C) B and E D) B and C E) C and E 6. Ecologists use the term limiting nutrient to describe A) the amount of oxygen in the oceans B) the element concentration necessary to decrease an organism reaching carrying capacity C) a nutrient necessary for production to increase D) the amount of pollution eliminated from the environment by denitrification E) the energy required to ensure producer survival In which level would a monarch caterpillar that feeds on the milkweed plant belong to? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) none of the above 9. In a forest food chain, the LEAST amount of energy would flow to which of the following organisms? A) Mushrooms B) Caterpillars C) Oak trees D) Wolves E) Rabbits

3 10. The least amount of useful energy flowing through a food chain is available to the A) herbivores B) primary consumers C) producers D) secondary consumers E) tertiary consumers 11. Base your answer to the following question on the food web below. 12. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. 13. Z could represent which of the following? A) Grass B) Snakes C) Frogs D) Crayfish E) Bacteria All of the following are true about the food web shown EXCEPT A) Most of the biomass is concentrated at the top of the food web. B) The mustard seeds, grass, and grain are at the producer level of the food web. C) Crickets, isopods, and mealworms are the primary consumers in the food web. D) Frogs are the secondary consumers in the food web. E) Most of the energy is concentrated at the base of the food web. In the food pyramid shown above, which organisms are herbivores? A) Grass B) Zebras C) Lions D) Hyenas E) Zebras and Lions 14. The greenhouse effect is believed to contribute to which of the following? A) Increased plant growth B) Global warming C) Seismic instability D) Radio Interference E) Skin Cancer

4 15. Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas? A) Oxygen B) Nitrogen C) Methane D) Cobalt E) Radon 16. All of the following contribute to global warming EXCEPT A) ozone B) methane C) carbon monoxide D) sulfur dioxide E) HFC Ozone depletion has all of the following effects upon the environment EXCEPT A) a reduction in food-crop production B) a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration C) a disruption of marine food chains D) an increased occurrence of skin cancer E) a reduction in primary productivity in marine ecosystems 18. All of the following can affect climate by adding CO2 to the environment EXCEPT A) burning fossil fuels B) runoff from farms C) slash and burn agriculture D) using peat for fuel E) cutting down the rain forest 19. Carrying capacity refers to A) the fixed population size an environment can support without competition B) the finite number of available resources C) the maximum number of habitants in a particular environment varying over space and time D) the number of habitants that overshoot the maximum number of habitants in an environment E) the fixed population size an environment can support before degradation of the habitat 20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. If small size is more adaptive for brook trout and largemouth bass and large size is more adaptive for northern pike, then the temperature in which all three species can exist with maximum potential is A) 10 degrees Celsius B) 15 degrees Celsius C) 16 degrees Celsius D) 18 degrees Celsius E) 20 degrees Celsius

5 21. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below that shows the changes in population size over time. The carrying capacity of the environment A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E 22. The main cause for the occurrence of different biomes in different regions is A) latitudinal differences B) soil composition differences C) ocean temperature differences D) carbon dioxide concentration differences E) temperature and rainfall differences 23. Grasslands are characterized by A) treeless terrain, low temperatures and a short growing season. B) mild temperatures, a great deal of rain during the winter season and an abundance of evergreen trees. C) dense vegetation, over 200 cm of rainfall per year and a wide variety of animal inhabitants. D) rainfalls of approximately 25 to 75 cm per year and this biome provides grazing animals with natural pastures. E) high humidity, high rainfall, and high temperature. 24. Which of the following is characterized by less than 25 cm of rainfall per year, sparse vegetation, hot temperatures during the day and low temperatures during the night? A) Tropical rain forest biome B) Desert biome C) Grassland biome D) Northern coniferous forest biome E) Taiga 25. Which of the following biomes is NOT correctly matched with its description? A) desert - little rainfall, hot days, cool nights B) tropical rainforest - much rainfall, high humidity, high temperatures C) tundra - treeless, long cold winters D) deciduous forest - alternating warm and cold seasons E) taiga - irregular rainfall, grazing animals are numerous

6 26. Which of the following would be the least competitive over food resources? 28. Secondary succession is faster than primary succession because A) Members of unrelated species in different ecological niches B) Members of unrelated species in the same ecological niche C) Members of related species in different ecological niches D) Members of related species in the same ecological niche E) Members of the same species in similar ecological niches A) there is more carbon dioxide available B) plants are more self-sufficient when first inhabiting an area C) soil development from weathered rock and decomposed organisms is more rapid during secondary succession D) the soil is already intact and the old community has been cleared E) there is less nitrogen affecting growth 27. Which of the following describes all biotic and abiotic resources in the environment used by an organism? A) Population B) Community C) Ecosystem D) Habitat E) Niche

7 Answer Key Practice Ecology Test 1. D 2. B 3. E 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. E 11. A 12. E 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. E 22. E 23. D 24. B 25. E 26. A 27. E 28. D