Danish experiences with Groundwater management. Jacob vind * consul general & head of the danish water tech alliance

Transcription

1 Danish experiences with Groundwater management Jacob vind * consul general & head of the danish water tech alliance

2 Danish water technology alliance Groundwater Mgmt Mapping Data Management SW/GW interaction Water Distribution NRW Pressure Mgmt Energy Efficiency Wastewater Treatment Sewer System & Resiliency Asset Mgmt Flooding Green Infrastructure Resource recovery Energy neutrality Bio-P Robin Scheswohl, SFPUC

3 WHY ARE Y ALL HERE?

4

5 All roads lead to.

6 FACTS Constitutional monarchy 5.6M people sq mi. 2/3 agriculture land ~28M pigs 100% groundwater Avg annual precipitation 29,5 inches. H2O Consumption: 28 gal/p/d Policy: Prevention over treatment Decentralized Water Supply

7 Denmark: economy, Water, energy & co2 development (1980 = index 100) Economic growth 70 % Energy consumption steady CO2 emissions reduced Water consumption reduced by 40 % Source: Statistics Denmark, the Danish Energy Agency and DANVA GDP in real terms Gross energy consumption, climate adjusted CO2 emissions, adjusted Total water consumption

8 Denmark years ago Decreasing water tables Saline water Lack of flows in streams in the summer time Water quality problems due to farming (P, NO3, and pesticides), point sources, and over abstraction

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10 Water policies/framework Groundwater a common good Prevention of pollution before cleaning Decentralized abstraction Minimal treatment of drinking water Low energy use Low water loss 8/28/2018

11 Water Legislation in Denmark Water Supply Act: Water supply permissions, drinking water limit values etc. Environmental Protection Act: Industry regulation, agriculture regulation, groundwater protection zones Planning Act: Restricted planning for polluting activities and cities in groundwater protection areas Water Sector Act: Price cap, benchmarking 8/28/2018

12 The danish case: Mapping of groundwater resources PREVENTION BEFORE TREATMENT NATIONAL GROUNDWATER MAPPING FINANCED BY WATER CONSUMERS 8,2 CENTS/AF. (~5 USD P/P/Y) DELINEATION OF SENSITIVE ABSTRACTION AND FOCUS AREAS ACTION PLANS BY LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES FORESTATION & SUBSIDY SCHEMES NATIONWIDE OPEN DATABASES & FORMATS COST: M USD Source: Danish EPA Particularly valuable water abstraction areas (shown in purple) are mapped about 40 % of the land area of Denmark

13 A CollaboratiVE EFFORT Danish EPA Management & Oversight Funding Consultants Data Modelling Plans Universities Research Standards Candidates Technologies Municipalities Action plans Implementation GEUS - Geological survey Standards Databases

14 Local action plans & Implementation Groundwater abstraction is license based (20-30 years) License must adhere to: Physical planning, water supply, action plans, regional/national planning and be in accordance with EU directives (basin plans & habitats) & EIA. Approved by municipal council Implemented by municipality and water utility in collaboration

15 DANISH groundwater management 10 PROTECTION PLANS, LAND USE REGULATIONS MONITORING 01 EXISTING DATA RECOMMENDATIONS 09 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS 02 GEOPHYSICS 03 DRILLING, LOGGING AND PUMPING TESTS 08 LAND USE POLLUTION SOURCES 04 SYNCHRONOUS HYDRAULIC HEAD MEASUREMENTS, STREAM FLOW 07 FLOW MODELS 06 HYDROSTRATIGRAPHIC MODELLING 05 GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING

16 10 PROTECTION PLANS, LAND USE REGULATIONS MONITORING 01 EXISTING DATA RECOMMENDATIONS 09 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS 02 GEOPHYSICS 03 DRILLING, LOGGING AND PUMPING TESTS 08 LAND USE POLLUTION SOURCES 04 SYNCHRONOUS HYDRAULIC HEAD MEASUREMENTS, STREAM FLOW 07 FLOW MODELS 06 HYDROSTRATIGRAPHIC MODELLING 05 GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING

17 A 6 inch borehole represents less than 1 millionth of an acre

18 Challenge: Low fidelity models Information from 518 wells

19 MORE DATA = Sensemaking and informed decisions Information from 518 wells Information from 518 wells & 1400 TDEMs

20 THE Geophysical GROUNDWATER toolbox DUALEM S Electric resistivity 0 90ft NM R Water Content, Permeability 0 360ft SEISMIC Acoustic velocity ft Depth of investigation PACE TTEM Electric conductivity 0 30ft ER ft T SkyTE Electric resistivity 0 360ft M TDE M Electric conductivity ft

21 Airborne Geophysical mapping Developed specifically for groundwater High production rate (lots of dense data) Cost efficient No need to access the ground Strong correlation - resistivity to hydrogeology

22 400 feeth depth boreholes Clay Tertiary Clay Tertiary Clay till till Sand/gravel till till 2.5 miles Sand/gravel till Sand/gravel Tertiary Clay Clay 4.5 miles till

23 Paleochannel at a depth of 400ft

24 Where to Infiltrate?

25 Mean resistivity 0 to 0.5 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

26 Mean resistivity 0.5 to 1 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

27 Mean resistivity 1 to 1.5 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

28 Mean resistivity 1.5 to 2 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

29 Mean resistivity 2 to 3 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

30 Mean resistivity 3 to 4 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

31 Mean resistivity 4 to 5 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

32 Mean resistivity 5 to 6 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

33 Mean resistivity 6 to 7 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

34 Mean resistivity 7 to 8 m m 0m 4m 8m clay Sand/gravel

35 10 PROTECTION PLANS, LAND USE REGULATIONS MONITORING 01 EXISTING DATA RECOMMENDATIONS 09 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS 02 GEOPHYSICS 03 DRILLING, LOGGING AND PUMPING TESTS 08 LAND USE POLLUTION SOURCES 04 SYNCHRONOUS HYDRAULIC HEAD MEASUREMENTS, STREAM FLOW 07 FLOW MODELS 06 HYDROSTRATIGRAPHIC MODELLING 05 GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING

36 Open & transparent data management Reports

37 Live demo

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39 Report database

40 Jupiter (well database)

41 Digital data integration leads to hifi models 1998 Hand made cross-sections Layers digitized and gridded in Surfer 2017 Integrate all data into a 3D modelling environment Enables iterative model development Fast, flexible, efficient Future The machines are taking over

42 recommendations (Hard Earned) Experiences Making better sense and better decisions (learn from mineral exploration) Standards Adjust the program according to the specific and local geological settings Seamless maps Involve stakeholders including the agronomist representing the farmers at an early stage. Reduce uncertainties by adding more data Collaboration: Universities, the Geological survey, public authorities, private consultants. Public (Open) Databases - Cloud Involve geochemistry Be data greedy (& integrate data) Compensate farmers Set aside funding for afforestation (other restorative measures)

43 The cost of information vs the cost of ignorance?