NRE615: Renewable Electricity & the Grid

Transcription

1 NRE615: Renewable Electricity & the Grid Term: Winter 2017 Course Time: Tuesday/Thursday, 10:00 am 11:30 am Location: 1028 Dana Syllabus Instructor: Prof. Jeremiah Johnson Asst. Professor, School of Natural Resources & Environment Instructor Office Hours: Tuesdays 4:00-5:00 pm and Thursdays 1:00-2:00 pm, Dana 3508 Graduate Student Instructor: Dan Ryan GSI Office Hours: Mondays 4:00-5:00 pm in Dana 4315a and Fridays 2:30-3:30 pm in Dana 3038 Course Description: Due to technological advancement and supportive policies, renewable energy technologies such as wind turbines and solar panels make up a growing share of the generation mix. Bringing renewable energy to market requires an understanding of such generation technologies, grid operations and integration, resource availability, and project development. The objective of this course is to aid professional students in the development of skills, practical tools, and a knowledge base useful for careers in the energy sector, spanning project development, utilities, research, government, and environmental non-profits. This course will build an understanding of the technical, economic, and policy issues related to renewable electricity development and grid integration. Projects and problem sets will be structured from the point of view of various stakeholders and intended to introduce skills and concepts that environmental professionals employ. Upon completion of this course, students will have the ability to critically evaluate options for generation development and policies which impact the power sector. The course will cover the following: Renewable generating technologies Renewable markets, incentives, and regulations Non-renewables emissions reduction Grid operations and renewable integration Generation project development Enrollment Qualifications Graduate students are eligible for this course, with enrollment preference given to SNRE master s and doctoral students. NRE574 (Sustainable Energy Systems) is a pre-requisite for this course. Other graduate-level energy courses or industry experience may be deemed suitable alternatives for the pre-requisite. All students are expected to have a basic knowledge of generation, to be able to differentiate between power and energy, and be comfortable with spreadsheet analysis.

2 Grading Problem sets and case deliverables 24% (lowest grade of nine deliverables will be dropped) Midterm 20% Project 25% Final 25% Class participation 6% Class Policies Course materials will be made available on Canvas. For problem sets, you may discuss problems and solution approaches with your peers, but work should be individual. If you choose to discuss problem sets with your peers, list their names at the end of the problem set. Problem sets are due at the beginning of class. Late problem sets will be accepted up to 48 hours past this deadline at a penalty of 25%. Problem sets will not be accepted more than 48 hours after they are due. All references must be appropriately cited. Challenges to grades must occur within one week of the return of the assignment. Challenges must be in writing and will result in a complete regrading of the assignment (i.e., scores may increase or decrease). Attendance is expected. If you need accommodation for any disability that affects your performance in this class, please contact me as soon as possible. Electronic devices should not be used in class with the exception of laptops for note taking. policy: Questions about problem sets should be directed to Dan Ryan (danpryan@umich.edu, cc jxjohns@umich.edu) with [NRE 615] in the subject line. Questions and associated answers may be shared with the entire class. Key Course Texts No textbook is required. We will use materials from a wide array of texts and reports, including: Brower, Wind Resource Assessment: A Practical Guide to Developing a Wind Project, Wiley, Masters, Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems, Wiley, 2013

3 Course Outline Lecture Topic Readings 1/5 Introduction to Renewable Generation Course overview Power system structure Trends in renewable generation Drivers for renewable development Overview of project development process I. Renewable Generating Technologies This section will cover renewable resource assessment, evaluation of generation technologies, operational considerations and limitations, emissions, and costs. 1/10 Wind Resource Assessment Data collection Brower, Ch 10, 11, 12 Data validation Resource characterization: shear, wind power density, turbulence, speed frequency distribution and Weibull parameters, wind rose Climate adjustment process Wind resource characterization Determination of wind resource quality 1/12 Wind Flow Modeling and Plant Design Turbine selection Wind flow models Wake effects Losses Curtailment Brower, Ch 13, 16 Browse OpenWind software literature Calculating wind project generation using resource and technology data Turbine selection based on wind resource and power curves * 1/17 - Problem set #1 due 1/17 Wind Project Evaluation, Financing, and Operations Manufacturing and sourcing Costs and project finance Ownership and offtakers Operations and maintenance Levelized cost of energy, levelized avoided cost of energy Wiser and Bolinger, 2015 Wind Technologies Market Report, Namovicz, Assessing the Economic Value of New Utility-Scale Renewable Generation Projects, Hand et al, Renewable Electricity Futures, Chap. 11, Calculating the cost of wind generation, as influenced by installed costs, financing costs, O&M, subsidies Impact of time of day of generation on project viability

4 1/19 Offshore Wind Development Cape Wind Case Study Offshore considerations Case study: Cape Wind Challenges with offshore development Stakeholder perspectives in project development * 1/24 - Problem set #2 due 1/24 Solar Resource Assessment Impacts of location, time of day, and time of year on available resource Determining site insolation Using sun path diagrams and shadow diagrams 1/26 Solar Resource Assessment (continued) and PV System Electrical Characteristics Clear sky insolation Typical meteorological year PV I-V curves Scaling from cells to modules to arrays Maximum power point trackers Impact of partial shading and role of shade mitigation Role of module configuration * 1/31 - Problem set #3 due 1/31 Photovoltaic Systems Principles of solar generation Photovoltaic system design: modules, arrays, invertors Derating and performance Solar energy conversion Design considerations for PV 2/2 Utility and Commercial Scale Solar Project Evaluation Design considerations: technology selection, invertor ratio, tracking capabilities Factors impacting generation Factors impacting cost Cape Wind case study materials Masters, Ch Masters, Ch Skim: Masters, Ch Masters, Ch Review PVWatts Masters, Ch 6.4 Bolinger, Utility-Scale Solar 2015 Mills, Wiser Solar Valuation Methods Determining solar generation based on insolation, technology selection, and loss rates Assessing the value and installed costs of various technologies (e.g., thin film) and configurations (e.g., tracking, fixed tilt) Use of PVWatts and System Advisor Model

5 * 2/7 - Problem set #4 due 2/7 Distributed Solar Power Net energy metering Feed-in tariffs Building integration Satchwell Financial Impacts of Net-Metered PV on Utilities and Ratepayers Seel, Residential PV System Price Differences Hansen, Lacy, Glick A Review of Solar PV Benefit and Cost Studies Masters, Ch 6.5 Calculating payback time Investigating ownership options Understanding methods to value solar s benefits and costs Understanding the Public Utilities Commission process 2/9 Case Study: Minnesota Value of Solar Tariff WDI Evading the Death Spiral Understanding methods to value solar s benefits and costs Understanding the Public Utilities Commission process * 2/14 Project proposal due * 2/16 Problem set #5 due 2/14 and 2/16 Solar Thermal; Biomass Generation Technologies and processes Biomass feedstocks Emissions and life cycle impacts Masters Ch 8.2 EPA Municipal Solid Waste in the United States (read: Exec Summary) Review NREL biomass maps, data: Examined solar thermal technologies and the impact of thermal storage Evaluating the tradeoffs and land use considerations for biomass feedstocks 2/21 Biogas; Geothermal; Hydro Technology overview Resource potential EPA LFG Project Development Handbook, Chapters 1-3 Masters, Chapters 8.5, 8.8 Examine different types of hydro (pumped storage, pondage, run of river, micro-hydro) Learn methods to evaluate hydro resource quality Introduce EPA LandGEM model * 2/23 ** MIDTERM EXAM ** II. Renewable Markets, Incentives, and Regulations This section will examine the impacts of policies intended to increase renewable energy generation. 3/7 Renewable Mandates and Incentives State-level Renewable Portfolio Standards: qualified resources, targets, deliverability Compliance and voluntary Renewable Energy Credit markets Michigan RPS Study Renewable markets: pricing and uncertainty Review Heeter Status and Trends in the U.S. Voluntary Green Power Market (2013 Data) Heeter Status and Trends in REC Markets (pages 1-18) Bolinger, Capturing the Value of Renewable Energy Tax Incentives Wiser et al A Retrospective Analysis of the Benefits and Impacts of U.S. Renewable Portfolio Standards 2015

6 3/9 Case Study: National Aquarium Renewable Mandates and Incentives (cont.) Feed-in tariffs Production tax credit, investment tax credit Bonus & accelerated depreciation Property Assessed Clean Energy WDI National Aquarium Evaluating options to integrate renewables: on site, remote, and renewable energy credits III. Non-Renewables Emissions Reductions This brief section will examine nuclear energy and environmental controls for fossil fuel based generation. * 3/14 Case deliverables for Fermi III 3/14 Case: Fermi III Nuclear Plant MSC Case Materials Trends in nuclear industry Risks and considerations for nuclear development 3/16 Environmental Control Technologies Flue gas desulfurization Selective catalytic/non-catalytic reduction Electrostatic precipitator Dry sorbent injection Moretti and Jones, Advanced Emissions Control Technologies for Coal-Fired Power Plants EPA Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheets Regulations driving non-ghg emissions reductions Operations, effectiveness of environmental control technologies IV. Grid Operations and Renewable Integration This section will examine important features of the transmission system, grid operations, and reliability, including efforts to balance supply and demand in real time and long term capacity planning * 3/21 - Problem set #6 due 3/21 Grid Infrastructure and Planning Transmission and distribution components AC, DC transmission Transmission planning, development, and design CREZ Congestion Transmission losses Transmission expansion planning processes Impact of congestion on the cost of electricity The role of transmission in renewable energy planning 3/23 Grid Operations: Unit Commitment and Dispatch; Ancillary Services Unit commitment Economic dispatch Load and wind forecasting Impacts of renewable integration Wholesale electricity markets MIT Future of Electric Grid, Chap 1 and 4 Reference: Appendix B MIT Future of Electric Grid Chap 2 and 3 Ela, et al. Effective Ancillary Services Market Designs on High Wind Power Penetration Systems Skim: Ela et al. Evolution of Wholesale Electricity Market Design with Increasing Levels of Renewable Generation 2013.

7 Contingency conditions Load following Regulating reserves Ancillary service markets Demand-side participation Unit commitment and dispatch processes Impacts of variable renewable integration Understanding of ancillary service products and markets 3/28 Capacity Planning Loss of load probability Equivalent forced outage rates Treatment of variable renewables Effective load carrying capacity Demand-side participation Capacity planning methods * 3/30 Problem set #7 due 3/30 Smart Grid and Distributed Energy Resources Infrastructure Grid management System protection Distributed energy storage Demand response Incorporating electric vehicles Definitions, opportunities, and limitations of the smart grid 4/4, 4/6 Energy Storage Applications Technologies Markets Business models Madaeni et al, Comparing Capacity Value Estimation Techniques for Photovoltaic Solar Power, 2013 MIT Future of Electric Grid, Chap 5, 6, and 7 Arbabzadeh 12 Principles of Green Energy Storage in Grid Applications DOE, Grid Energy Storage 2013 Role of application and technology in the potential for grid-connected energy storage; emissions impacts of energy storage * 4/11 Case deliverables: Green Mountain Power 4/11 Case: Green Mountain Power and Tesla 4/13 Project Presentations 4/18 * 4/18 Project due 4/26 Final Exam (4:00-6:00 pm)