Manure Analysis Update and Sampling Techniques

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1 Chris Baxter, Ph.D, Professor & Extension Nutrient Management Specialist Manure Analysis Update and Sampling Techniques Chris Baxter Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Specialist

2 Outline Manure Analysis what does it mean? Overview of Manure Analysis Data 2001-April 2017 Protocols and guidelines for collecting manure samples

3 Manure Analysis What do I get for my $22? Basic Manure Analysis Total solids (dry matter) Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Total Potassium Total Sulfur Estimates of first, second, and third year nutrient availability based on research. Values provided in lb/ton or lb/1000 gal See Carrie Laboski s presentation for more info on N availability in manure.

4 Estimated nutrient availability N availability is variable Depends on time to incorporation, species, solids content, and other variables. P and K availability is similar to fertilizer. S availability more like N than P or K.

5 Why should I analyze manure? Overview of Manure Analysis Data 16,030 manure samples sent to the UW-Soil and Forage analysis labs 2001-April ,416 Dairy 2,484 liquid (<4% dry matter) 2,458 slurry (4-11% dry matter) 1,377 semisolid ( % dry matter) 2097 solid (> 20% dry matter) 547 Beef 85 liquid and slurry 462 semisolid and solid 1,456 Swine 155 farrow-nursery, indoor pit, liquid and slurry 959 finish, indoor pit, liquid and slurry 326 finish, outdoor pit, liquid and slurry 194 solid and semisolid

6 Overview of Manure Analysis Data, cont. Poultry 842 chicken (16 liquid, 826 solid) 3338 turkey (52 liquid, 3286 solid) 699 duck (497 liquid, 202 solid)

7 Variation in liquid dairy manure ( 4% DM), 2484 samples Frequency Median = % Dry Matter Frequency Median = Total N, lb/1000 gal More Frequency Median = Median = Frequency 20 0 Total P2O5, lb/1000 gal Total K2O, lb/1000 gal

8 Book values vs. Manure analysis Book values account for some, but not all, of the nutrient variation in manure. Housing type, storage, handling, and treatment add significant variation that can affect nutrient contents/availability. Information submitted with samples is limited. Chris Baxter, Ph.D., Professor and Extension Nutrient Management Specialist

9 Comparison of book value and median total N contents 60 lb per ton or 1000 gal A2809 (2012) Median

10 Comparison of book value and median total P 2 O 5 contents lb per ton or 1000 gal A2809 (2012) Median

11 Comparison of book value and median total K 2 O contents 40 lb per ton or 1000 gal A2809 (2012) Median

12 Sources of variation in manure nutrients Determining the best sampling technique requires understanding of factors that might affect nutrient concentrations in your system Sampling technique Time Livestock housing/storage management Manure treatment Diet

13 Semisolid dairy manure: Sand vs mattresses or organic bedding lbs/ton Total N Total P2O5 Total K2O Total S Sand bedding (N=482) Mattresses or organic bedding (N=392)

14 Solid dairy manure: Sand vs mattresses or organic bedding lbs/ton Total N Total P2O5 Total K2O Total S Sand bedding (N=749) Mattresses or organic bedding (N=1012)

15 When should I sample manure? Prior to application (pre sampling): Ensures that you receive analysis in time to make adjustments based on nutrient content May not accurately reflect applied nutrients if changes/losses occur between sampling and application. At application: Ensures samples are representative of manure that is applied Run risk of over or under application of nutrients if nutrient values change.

16 How often should I sample? New facilities annually for 3-4 yrs to develop a sample history After significant management changes: Increase or decrease in animal #s Change in bedding type/amount used Change in feed rations/supplements Change in storage, handling, or treatment system Typical every 3-5 yrs with consistent mgt. CAFOs whatever permit says (typically annually)

17 Recommended Sampling Procedures: Solid Manure Sampling while loading (pack & bedded pack) Take samples from several spreader loads Combine samples to form one composite sample

18 Recommended Sampling Procedures: Solid Manure During Spreading Spread tarps in field while spreading Combine manure collected from several locations into one composite sample mix thoroughly Take ~1lb subsample of composite Sampling & calibration

19 Recommended Sampling Procedures: Solid Manure Daily Haul Place 5-gal bucket under barn cleaner 4-5 times while loading. Mix and subsample. Repeat at different times of year to determine variability. Poultry In-House 10 samples from throughout house to depth of removal. Mix and subsample. Stockpiled Litter At least 10 samples from pile 18 in. below surface. Mix and subsample.

20 Sample Storage and Handling Thoroughly mix composite sample Fill a one-gallon heavy-duty ziplock bag approximately onehalf full Squeeze out excess air, close and seal Store sample in freezer if not delivered to the lab immediately

21 Recommended Sampling Procedures: Liquid Manure From Storage Drag-line injection Thoroughly agitate (2-4 hrs minimum) before sampling. Sample with 5 gal bucket subsample. Use caution! Not agitated use sampling probe or tube NEVER ENTER CONFINED STORAGE!!! During Loading Tanker injection Take several samples while loading combine and subsample.

22 Recommended Sampling Procedures: Liquid Manure During application Surface applied, traveling gun, or other irrigation system Place buckets at random locations to catch samples from spreader or irrigation Composite & subsample Sample and calibrate spreader at same time.

23 Sample Storage and Handling Liquid samples Thoroughly mix composite sample(s) Fill a one-quart plastic bottle not more than three-quarters full Store sample in freezer if not delivered to the lab immediately

24 Parting thoughts Compliance with the WI 590 Nutrient Management Standard currently does not require manure analysis. Book value nutrient credits for manure can be used, but should they? Published book value credits approximate median values of samples sent to UW testing labs. Variation in samples suggest manure analysis is the best way to maximize nutrient value of manure and avoid over/under application. Sampling must account for on-farm variation. Credits based on manure analysis or book values are only useful if the rate, timing, and placement are known. Spreader calibration Record keeping