International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

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1 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 Indian Energy Scenario and Role of Renewable Sources for Sustainable Development Yogesh kulkarni 1,Jitendra Satpute 2, Nikhil Purwant 3 1 Mechanical Engineering Department, SNJB s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering, Nashik, India, yogesh.kulkarni2212@gmail.com 2 Mechanical Engineering Department, Suman Ramesh Tulsiani Technical Campus-Faculty of Engineering, Pune, India, Jitendra.satpute@srttc.ac.in 3 Mechanical Engineering Department, Siddhant College of Engineering, Sudumbare, pune, India, purwantn@gmail.com Abstract Growth and development of country depends on availability of energy with least possible cost. Power should be generated with least possible environmental issues to avoid future ill effect. The present paper reveals energy importance, current situation of power generation in Indiaconsidering conventional and non- conventional sources and the future of the renewable energies.work also discuss the trends in energy consumption, growth of the current grid, energy import.more emphasis is given to renewable energy sources as an eco-friendly option to generate power. Benefits arising from renewable energy can be considered in categories like generation of energy, generation of new working post and reduction of environmental pollution which are prime important for India. Keywords-Power Generation; Energy Use; Conventional Sources; Renewable Sources. I. INTRODUCTION The historical as well as present day civilizations of mankind are closely interlinked with energy and in future our dependency upon energy for existence will be increase linearly. Energy is associated with physical substance but it is not a substance itself. Energy has become most important necessity to accomplish our day to day task. In today s era, energy is an irreplaceable element, playing leading role in making life easy and comfortable.the speedy growth of power capacity and a subsequent rise in demand can be accredited to several factors like Economic development and increasing affluence, growing rate of urbanization, increase per capita energy consumption, broadening access to energy in the country Table 1 Conventional energy resources available in India Sr No Energy source Recoverable resources Production (per year) 1 Coal 28.8 Thousand Mtoe 361 Mtoe 2 Oil 800 Million tonnes 38.2 Million tones 3 Gas 992 Mtoe 39.6 Mtoe 4 Geothermal power 10,000 MWe As far as energy reserves in India are concern, conventional recoverable energy resources and its production are tabulated as shown in the Table 1; India has fairly large reserve of coal. Although India s reserves of coal are large, there are number of problems which need to be noted. Such as, Indian coal has high ash content as much as 30-40%. This high ash contents add cost All rights Reserved 1068

2 transportation, burden on coal handling equipment. Another problem associated with calorific Value of Indian coal and less availability of coking coal of India. Oil resources are very less in India. Energy consumption is one of the important tools to understand standard of living of person in the particular country. From Figure 1 shows energy consumption for world, china and India. It is important to note that, India s energy use is very less than average energy use by world. Energy use (Kg of Oil Equivalent per capita) Year Figure 1 Comparative graph for Energy use (Kg of Oil equivalent per capita) Being developing country, power requirement of India is high. Figure 2 gives comparative study of fossil fuel consumption (% of Total) for world, China and India. As expected India s fossil fuel consumption (% of Total) rises. Same type of contour is followed by China and world. China s fossil fuel consumption (% of Total) isgreaterwith comparison to India Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (% of Total) Year Figure 2 Comparative graph of fossil fuel consumption (% of Total) World China India World China India Due to limited sources of conventional energy, we have to import energy. Energy import (Net % of energy use in Oil Equivalent) of India is increasing day by day and it warning alarm for India to take corrective action. Net import of India in 2006 was 20.5% which rises to 30.5% approximately in Data on installed capacity for generating electrical power and percent contribution of various commercial sources is tabulated below. The installed capacity of India at the time of independence (in 1947) was only 1362 MW, increased to MW in The capacity till 31 of November 2015 is MW. It shows impressive growth in installation capacity of India. It is All rights Reserved 1069

3 to note that coal is a dominant source of electricity generation of India. The % of total installations use coal as a primary energy source whereas electricity generation by Nuclear power is 2.04 %, which is least in all energy sources. Table 2 Installed Capacity of Power Generation in India (in MW)(up to the 30th. November 2015) Sr No source capacity % 1 Coal Gas Diesel Nuclear RES Hydro Based on the preceding survey it is important to note some useful observation. India has large amount of coal available but it is of low quality. Though the demand of energy in India is increasing, India s present power sources are not capable to fulfill the energy demand. India s energy import is continuously increasing which directly effect on the national currency.there is aneed to generate environment friendly power that raises energy efficiency as well as it is sustainable. As conventional sources are limited and has adverse effect on environment in order to fulfill energy demand, development of new and existing energy system is unavoidable. Tremendous research is already in the process of same direction. The primary of alternative energy which hold potential for futurecan be broadly classified as the nuclear option, wind energy, solar energy, biomass, hydro energy and other sources such as hydrogen. II. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDIA Table 3 Progress in renewable energy sources (Up to the 31th December, 2015) Sr No Energy Source Cumulative Achievements Sr No Energy Source Cumulative Achievements Grid-Interactive Power (MW) Off-Grid/ Captive Power (MW) 1 Wind Power Waste to Energy Solar Power Biomass Small Hydro Aero Power Genrators/Hybrid 4 Bio-Power SPV Systems Waste to Power Water mills/micro hydel India has a vast potential of renewable energy resources, and it has one of the largest programs in the world for deploying renewable energy products and systems. India is playing active role in research and development of renewable energy due to Energy security issue, administration support, and climatic change, cost competitiveness of renewable, Favorable foreign investment and significant potential of renewable energy. India is the only nation in the world to have a dedicated ministry for the renewable energy (Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, MNES). The ministry works for endorsing renewable energy technologies, creating favorable environment for promotion All rights Reserved 1070

4 commercialization of these technologies. By developing the technologies, it will not only reduce the energy gap but will also create millions of jobs. India is vigorously working on wind, solar, biomass, hydro, geothermal and biogas as alternate sources of energy. 2.1 Solar Energy Solar energy is very a large, inexhaustible, clean renewable resource with zero emission. It has got tremendous potential which can be harnessed using a variety of devices source of energy. India is endowed with vast solar energy potential. India is gifted with tremendous amount of solar energy(5,000 trillion kwh per year) which is a positive sign. Due to thelargeresearch and developments in solar energy,applications are easily available for industrial and domestic use with the added advantage of minimum maintenance. Solar energy could be made financially viable with government tax incentives and rebates.india also established the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in late The solar technology is organized under the following categories: passive solar day lighting, active heating and cooling, PV electricity generation, concentrating solar power (CSP) electricity generation. With the Application of the photovoltaic effect;photovoltaic (PV) solar technologies produce electricity. CSP technologies produce electricity by concentrating direct-beam solar irradiance to heat a fluid, which is then used in a downstream process for electricity generation.there are MW of Grid Connected Solar Power Projects As on Wind energy Wind power, was introduced in India very late, in 1990s. Faster technology development and its proper adaptation;in terms of total installed capacity of wind powerindia is in top 10 countries (rankfifth largest country).the Potential for wind power generation for grid interaction has been estimated at about 1,02,788 MW considering the projects having wind power more than 200 W/sq. m at 80 m hub-height with 2% terrestrialaccessibility in potential areas for setting up wind farms at 9 MW/sq. km. In India s renewable energy industry,more than 70 percentof installed potential is due to Wind energy. Wind power will continue to be the biggest renewable energy sector in India, in terms installed capacities. MNRE invested in the Wind Resource Assessment Program and establishment of the Centre for Wind Energy Technology, which is important Centre for the MNRE s research and development work in the wind energy sector. MNRE have also involved in planning and support for planning, implementation and advancement of wind projects.a wind power project has high potential to generate new job position for skilled as well as unskilled people of India as shown in wind power project of Maharashtra, Haryana state. Wind Power technology are classified ashorizontal Axis Wind Turbine (Residential rooftops, industrial loads and commercial generations),vertical Axis Wind Turbine ( such as Darrieus wind turbine, Giromill turbine,savonius wind turbine and Twisted Savonius wind turbine) and novel wind technology (KiteGen and MARS). The Indian wind energy scene is cheerful, with a large number of forays being made by MNC s (Multi National Company) such as vestas, gamesa, GE power etc. and with suzlon making abrupt pace in the International market. 2.3 Hydropower Hydropower is a renewable energy resource because it uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity. According to report of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, The total potential All rights Reserved 1071

5 power generation in the India from Hydropower plants is about 20,000 MW. Maximum harnessing of Hydropower is possible with river-based projects and in other States on irrigation canals such as Himalayan States.The first Hydropower plant in India was installed in Sidrapong (Darjeeling) having the capacity of 130 kw in the year 1897.Generally Hydro power projects are broadly classified according to installed capacities as small and large hydro power plant. In India, Small Hydro Power plants are having less or equal to25 MW station capacities. Small Hydro Power plantsare often considered advantageous over large hydro power plant due to construction, maintenance and less environmental and social issue.the government of India has, over the years, taken a number of initiatives to prioritize hydropower development and to attract investments in the sector. 2.4 Biomass Energy Biomass energy is the important source of energy to reduce India s reliance on fossil fuels by utilization of thermo-chemical conversion technologies. Biomass has huge potential in an agricultural economy of India. Biomass is also capable of providing secure energy. In case of energy use of India, biomassderived energy isabout 32% of the total primary energy and more than 70% of the India s population still relays upon biomass for its energy requirements. Generation costs for biomass are similar to those of wind energy. In addition, the increased utilization of biomass-based fuels will be instrumental in safeguarding the environment, development and health improvements in rural areas. Biomass energy could also one of the encouragements in streamlining the agricultural economy. Biomass provides advantages like reduce the electricity deficiency and provide farmers with trustworthy additional bases of revenue. Biomass energy is the utilization of organic matter present and can be utilized for applications such as to produce heat and electricity, in combination with fossil fuels (co-firing) and it can be used as transportation fuels. 2.5 Waste-To-Energy Indian waste to energy sector is composed to grow at a rapid pace in the years to come. The dual pressing needs of waste management and reliable renewable energy source are creating openings for financiers and project developers in the waste to energy sector. Waste-To-Energyplants offer significantreimbursementsin terms of the ecofriendly electrical powergenerationas well as environmentally sound waste management and disposal. Waste-to-energy amenitiesyieldenvironmentally free renewable energy by utilization of biochemical, physicochemicaland thermochemical methods. Furthermore, waste-to-energy plants are highly efficient in harnessing the unexploited sources of energy from a variety of wastes. The major Advantages for adopting technologies for recovery of energy from urban wastes are to reduce the quantity of waste and net reduction in environmental pollution, besides generation of substantial quantity of energy. CONCLUSION India has limited conventional energy sources which are unable to complete energy demand of country hence we have to import fuels on large scale consuming large part of national currency Though renewable energy has limitations of acquiring land,development of transmission setup in remote areas, seasonal variability of intensity,large initial development; All rights Reserved 1072

6 energy sorces are encouraging sources and available in large quantities in India to meet rapidly increasing demand of electricity As India becoming more keen & familiar with renewable power, it is expected to adopt faster and at a much larger scale. REFERENCES [1] World Energy Resources Survey (Latest By Year 2011), World Energy Council, London [2] Ministry Of Power, Government Of India, Installed Capacity Report [3] State wise installed solar power capacity, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India. [4] Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, Programme/ Scheme wise Physical Progress in (Up to the 31th December, 2015) [5] Unleashing the Potential of Renewable Energy in India, Energy sector management assistant program, 2010, South Asia Energy Unit Sustainable Development Department [6] Creating green Jobs: employment Generation by GameSa-renew power S 85 MeGawatt wind project in jath, maharashtra, international: india, augustt 2014, issue paper [7] S. P. Sukhatme, J K Nayak, Solar Energy- Priciples Of Thermal Collection And Storage, Third Edition, McGraw Hill All rights Reserved 1073

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