Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Transcription

1 Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center September 1, 2010 Luis A. Vega, Ph.D. Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) University of Hawaii HINMREC-HNEI-UH 1

2 Center Objectives Active Relationships Historical Lessons Challenges & Barriers Table of Contents Wave & OTEC Transfer Functions Wave & OTEC Resources Potential Electricity Supply to Hawaii OTEC Global l Market & Development Schedule Environmental Impact Wish List 2

3 HINMREC Objectives (DoE) Facilitate commercialization of Wave Energy E Conversion C i (WECs) Devices; Support development of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) technologies; Provide WEC pioneers access to grid connected test site(s). HINMREC-HNEI-UH 3

4 Test Sites (kw/m resource from 1992 Study) Kaneohe Marine Base Test Site Windward side of Oahu EA in place no significant impact Grid connection installed to 30m (12 kw/m) Develop infrastructure for multiple buoy testing & grid connection at greater depths Maui Test Site Commercial size WECs 1 km offshore Pauwela Pt. (14 kw/m) Oceanlinx/MECO collaboration One floating platform with 8 OWCs PPA being negotiated EA/EIS under preparation **Expand to allow testing of other technologies Makapuu Pier Test Site Eastern tip of Oahu easy access Testing on corrosion & innovative materials Short Term Test small wave energy devices & components NELHA Test Site West side of Big Island First OTEC test site Large volumes of deep cold water Develop test site for innovative heat exchangers

5 Active Working Relationships Wave Energy: OPT; Oceanlinx OTEC: Lockheed-Martin For Partner s Listing & Ongoing Projects: hnei hawaii edu/ HINMREC-HNEI-UH 5

6 Historical Lessons Embellishment leads to negative consequences creating credibility barriers for others and unrealistic expectations from the public; All components nts must be considered d in technical and economic assessments: WEC and OTEC devices consist of several components or subsystems that must be integrated into a system; Entire life cycle must be incorporated into design process; Can equipment be manufactured using commercially available practices and in existing factories? HINMREC-HNEI-UH 6

7 Challenges and Barriers (USA) Financing relatively high capital investments that must be balanced by the expected but yet to be demonstrated low operational costs; {References: We lack operational records required to proceed into commercialization; Need adequately sized demonstration projects to be operated in situ and for at least one continuous year; HINMREC-HNEI-UH 7

8 Wave Energy Conversion RESOURCE Transfer PRODUCT Function RESOURCE Transfer Function PRODUCT P 0 (kw/m)=f(hs;te; ) Proprietary kwh Ocean Area not 24/7 HINMREC-HNEI-UH 8

9 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion RESOURCE Transfer PRODUCT Function RESOURCE Transfer Function PRODUCT T ( C)=T 20m T 1000m Public Domain kwh; H 2 O, AC Ocean Volume 24/7 HINMREC-HNEI-UH 9

10 USA Wave Resources: Data Available before HINMREC HINMREC-HNEI-UH 10

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13 Hawaii Wave Resources Randi Aulii Akime Arinaga, M.S. Kwok Fai Cheung, Ph.D. University i of Hawaii HINMREC-HNEI-UH 13

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17 50 Wave Power Flux (kw/m) Monthly Average (10 - year Hindcasts & 5-years Mokapu Buoy) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Kaneohe Kaneohe II Pauwela Upolu South Point Mokapu

18 60 Daily Average Wave Power Flux (kw/m) for Pauwela Site Wave Po ower Flux (k kw/m) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

19 Area: 100 MW Energy (Array) Farm WECs: 11 km (6.7 miles) x 0.6 km (0.4 miles) ( 7 km 2 ); {PV Farm 2 km 2 ; and, Offshore Wind Farm 12 km 2 } SOLAR- PV CF: % of 8760 hrs at Name Plate 4 kwh/m 2 day 18% 5 kwh/m 2 day 20% WIND 6 m/s Annual Average 18% 8 m/s 33% 10 m/s 53% WAVE Global Hawaii 15% EPRI West Coast 22% to 32% HINMREC-HNEI-UH 19

20 Ocean Thermal Resource Gerard C. Nihous, Ph.D. University of Hawaii HINMREC-HNEI-UH 20

21 Hawaii Ocean Time Series Kahe Station : T Daily Averages Change 1 C in T 15% change in P net. HINMREC-HNEI-UH 21

22 October 1,

23 Mode LBP (m) Beam (m) Ops Draft (m) Height/Depth, (m) Displacement (tonnes) CC-OTEC ,600 (NH3 TG) 430 GWh/year 0 m 3 /day OC-OTEC (LP Steam TG) 414 GWh/year 118,400 m 3 /day , MW OTEC H 2 Plantship ,000 Typical Double Tanker ,000 Typical Double Container 205 LOA: 217 Titanic 259 LOA: , Nimitz Class (Aircraft Carrier) LOA: (Flight Deck: 77 m) 11 97,000 Knock Nevis (oil storage tanker) 440 (LOA: 459) ,000 Panamax Limits (LOA) OTEC Plantships Baseline Dimensions Displacement: LBP x B x D x x Cb; : density seawater 1022 kg/m 3 ; Cb: block coefficient 0.95

24 Hawaii Electricity Demand: Contribution Potential Island Wave Farm Challenge OTEC Challenge Oahu < 17% Siting: requires all shoreline segments; Storage: intermittent resource >> 100% No prototype operational data Maui < 75% >> 100% Hawaii < 150% >> 100% Kauai < 300% Siting: requires 30% shoreline segments; Storage: intermittent resource >> 100% Molokai < 2000% Storage: >> 100% intermittent resource

25 OTEC Market Ninety-eight nations and territories with adequate OTEC thermal resource within EEZ; HINMREC-HNEI-UH 25

26 2005 Annual Average ¼ x ¼ Resolution HINMREC-HNEI-UH 26

27 OTEC Development Electricity, Water & Energy Carriers? 1 st electricity (power cables to shore) Later Plantships producing NH 3 or H 2 HINMREC-HNEI-UH 27

28 OTEC Development Schedule YEARS Pre-Commercial Plant ( 5 MW) 1 to 5 6 to to to to to Ops Electricity (Desal Water) Plants: Hawaii, USA Territories &.: ~ 20 x 100 MW Plants Prelim Design Ops Ops NH3/H2 Plantships Supplying all Nations Prelim Design Ops At current rates: petroleum fuels < 50 years; Natural Gas < 90 years; coal < 120 years HINMREC-HNEI-UH 28

29 Environmental Impact EIS & other requirements will have to be fulfilled; Must use Adaptive Management: nt: monitoring ocean thermal and waves renewable resources through ongoing & adaptive experience acquired with pilot/demonstration projects instead of through h basic research or the development of ecological theory HINMREC-HNEI-UH 29

30 OTEC: Environmental Impact Utilizing ocean water drawn from 1,000 m depths is the only activity that differentiates OTEC from well established regulated industrial activities; Major Question: What would be the effect of the OTEC water returned below the photic (adequate sunlight) zone? To evaluate OTEC differentiator must obtain field data with a pilot/demonstration/pre- p commercial plant sized at 5 to 10 MW; Must develop monitoring protocol (adaptive management). HINMREC-HNEI-UH 30

31 WECs: Environmental Impact Effects due to arrays or farms (spacing and quantity) is the only activity that differentiates WECs from well established regulated industrial activities; t To evaluate WEC differentiator must obtain field data with pilot plants: ** 1 st Step in USA is Reedsport, Oregon (10 x 150 kw OPT); Monitoring protocol developed under Settlement Agreement (see OPT Press Release Aug. 4, 2010). HINMREC-HNEI-UH 31

32 Wish List: Santa s Letter Nation Wide Coordinated-all-inclusive-one-stop all inclusive one stop shop for Permits and Licenses (Federal, State, County, City); Support Funding for: mini-wave-hub; OTEC Pilot Plant ; First Generation WECs. State of Hawaii Feed-In Tariff 0.4 $/kwh Power-Purchase-Agreement (PPA)Template HINMREC-HNEI-UH 32

33 Wave Hub (planned) Marine Corps Base Hawaii Kaneohe Bay OPT Buoy Site HINMREC-HNEI-UH 33

34 Kaneohe Mini Wave-Hub Concept WEC berths at 30 to 60 m depth to accommodate four 500 kw systems; Include all submarine cables and connection to the land distribution ib ti line; ROM (Rough-Order-Magnitude) budget: $9M HINMREC-HNEI-UH 34

35 WECs & OTEC Messages Technical progress? GET WET Environmental Impact? ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT HINMREC-HNEI-UH 35

36 Why are Wind Farms Cost Competitive (or Commercialized)? Thank you Danish & German citizens HINMREC-HNEI-UH 36