Planning for the Grid of the Future

Transcription

1 Planning for the Grid of the Future NASEO Western Regional Meeting Rick Rocheleau Hawaii Natural Energy Institute University of Hawaii at Manoa April 3, 2018

2 Hawaii s Isolation Poses a Serious Challenge Nearly 90% of Hawaii s energy is met using fossil fuels - almost all of it oil 100% of the fossil fuel for the State is imported Threat to Hawaii s: Security Economy Environment 2 2

3 Hawaii Islands Have Abundant and Diverse Renewable Resources

4 Unique Islands, Unique Challenges 4 electric utilities, 6 island grids 80MW 1200MW 5MW RPS 30% by % by % by MW 200MW Resource and population not co-located >70% of energy use on Oahu 190MW No interconnections between islands Site availability (land and sea) limited Community acceptance and permitting remain significant hurdles Meeting RPS goals requires innovation and community commitment 4

5 Aggressive Clean Energy Policy Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI) The State of Hawaii, US DOE, and local utility launched HCEI in 2008 to transform Hawaii to a clean energy economy: Strong Hawaii Policies Highest RPS Target in the United States- 40% by 2030 Tax incentives Net metering Feed in tariffs 2011 Policy Evolution Reflecting Market Realities Definition of "renewable electrical energy" amended to include, customer-sited, grid-connected renewable energy generation Continuing Policy Evolution 100% RPS, Net metering replaced, Power supply improvement plan, Smart grid docket, Demand response Integrated Grid Planning 5

6 Economics and NEM policies led to highest per capita solar in the US Over 77,000 photovoltaic systems interconnected or approved by Hawaiian Electric Companies. HECO has installed or approved PV for 17% of its customers including 32% of single-family homes 6

7 Regulatory Changes and Technical Improvement Allowed High Circuit Penetration High PV Circuit Penetration Levels > 250% of daytime minimum load Facilitated via more stringent inverter standards Oahu Circuit Penetration Map

8 Renewable availability and usage vary by Island Solar, wind, WTE and geothermal dominate development to date Kauaʻi Island Utility Cooperative System Peak: 78 MW 65.6 MW PV / 7 MW Biomass / 9 MW Hydro Installed PV: 84% of System Peak 41.7% RE in 2016 Kaua i 41% Hawaiian Electric System Peak: 1,206 MW 480 MW PV / 99 MW Wind / 69 MW WTE Installed PV & Wind: 35% of System Peak 19.4% RE in 2016 Oʻahu 80% of state population 19% Molokaʻi Lanaʻi Maui 37% Maui Electric Maui System Peak: 202 MW 94 MW PV / 72 MW Wind Installed PV & Wind: 82% of Sys. Peak 36.9% RE in 2016 Lana i System Peak: 5.1 MW 2.53 MW PV (50% of Sys. Peak) Moloka i System Peak: 5.6 MW 2.3 MW PV (41% of Sys. Peak) 54% Hawaiʻi Hawaiʻi Electric Light System Peak: 192 MW 86 MW PV / 30 MW Wind / 38 MW Geothermal / 16 MW Hydro Installed PV & Wind: 60% of System Peak 54.2% RE in % Renewable Energy 8

9 PSIP proposes substantial future DPV 2017 total including FIT 665MW 9

10 Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) Organized Research Unit in School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Founded in 1974, established in Hawaii statute in 2007 (HRS304A-1891) Mandate to develop renewable sources of energy and to demonstrate and deploy efficient energy end-use technologies for Hawaii. Diverse staff of engineers, scientists, lawyers; students and postdoctoral fellows; visiting scholars Work closely with state and federal government organizations and industry. HNEI programs are multi-disciplinary often characterized by strong collaboration from local, national and international organizations. 10

11 HNEI: Major Programs Asia Pacific Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy Systems (ONR) RDT&E of advanced energy technology using Hawaii as a test bed Hawaii Energy Systems Development Special Fund (SOH) Analysis, testing, and evaluation to reduce HI dependence on fossil fuels; Asia Pacific Regional Energy System Assessment (ONR) Develop international partnerships to enhance energy reliability and resiliency in locations of interest thru Asia-Pacific region UH Applied Research Laboratory (Navy-DOD) Support alternative energy development and deployment to address Navy Energy needs

12 Ocean Energy Wave Energy Support testing at Navy s Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) at MCBH Three grid connected berths (30, 60, 80m) Environmental and technical monitoring Marine services including ROV capability OTEC ONR supports Makai Ocean Engineering OTEC Test Facility at NELHA RDT&E of advanced corrosion resistant, heat exchangers. Ocean materials corrosion testing laboratory Sea Water Air-Conditioning Environmental monitoring and modeling of seawater discharges to streamline permitting. 5

13 Energy Efficiency and Comfort in Subtropical Climates Net Zero Energy buildings Constructed five (5) net zero energy test platforms for HIDOE and UH Manoa to validate performance in tropical/subtropical environment. Integration of renewable generation, storage and building design with behavior Optimize comfort for improved human performance: Efficient lighting and daylighting Natural cooling and ventilation Advanced energy controls HNEI currently hosting Thermal Comfort Portal website providing public access to HIDE weather and classroom environmental conditions 13

14 Grid Scale BESS Projects (HNEI) Conduct experiments to assess/optimize BESS performance and lifetime for high value grid applications Haw i 10 MW Wind farm at Upolu Point Hawaii Island (1MW) Frequency regulation and wind smoothing (6 years, > 8000cycles) Molokai Secure Renewable Microgrid (2MW) Operating reserves, (fault management), frequency regulation, power smoothing, and peak shifting (<100ms response) Campbell Park industrial feeder with high penetration (1MW) Power smoothing, voltage and VAr support Laboratory testing of single cells to assess performance, durability, and state-of-health photos courtesy of Altairnano Power smoothing from 10MW Hawi wind farm 1 4

15 Established to develop and test advanced grid architectures, new technologies and methods for effective integration of renewable energy resources, power system optimization and enabling policies. Serves to integrate into the operating power grid other HNEI technology areas: biomass and biofuels, fuel cells and hydrogen, energy efficiency, renewable power generation Staff includes senior utility management and staff, previous HI PUC commissioner, and previous Administrator of HI State Energy Office Strong and growing partnerships with national and international organizations including Asia-Pacific nations. Lead for many public-private demonstration projects 15

16 Island Grid Analyses Develop high fidelity models to quantify grid system operation including dispatch, reliability, stability, & economics for high penetration renewable grids Developed innovative analytical techniques & tools New methods to assess system risk across all hours of year Integrating analyses across multiple time-scales to better understand intermittency and variability impacts Studies being used to inform State energy policy & utility operations Analyses cited in PUC decisions Recommendations for utility operations have been adopted Informed decision-making (e.g. Maui wind expansion) Ongoing Studies Integrating transportation with the power grid Valuation of grid services; storage, smart grid, DR, DER Assess innovative technologies & operating strategies to ensure grid reliability, stability & power quality Six studies completed since 2009 see 16 Current studies focused on dynamic stability, reliability, grid strength, impact/value of mitigation measures

17 Grid stability becomes increasingly important Customers want their electricity to be affordable, clean, and reliable all are important Curtailment will become a reality learn to manage it and use it for productive purposes Integration challenges are non-linear, low hanging fruit is exhausted, need to look for creative and novel solutions Affordability (Economic) If we can no longer rely only on conventional generators to provide ancillary services and grid stability how do we assure reliability Distributed PV will play a prominent role in the future grid distributed control of circuits with high DPV will be critical Storage will be important, but not the only tool Sustainability (Clean) Reliability & Stability Technology and Policy need to be tailored for the specifics of the island power systems under evaluation 1 7

18 New Methods Developed to Assess Grid Risk for all Hours Simulate grid for year Estimate risk for rest of year Equation estimates frequency response throughout the year Detailed stability analysis for select hours Assess risk for different renewable scenarios 18

19 Detailed Evaluation of Reserve Requirements (speed, duration, and quantity) for different mixes of renewables High renewable grids will rely more on new technologies and operating practices to provide grid support FFR (<12 cycle) reduces UFLS but may not reduce initial inertial requirements (MW) Role of grid scale vs BTM storage - value vs control Response time vs stability 19

20 Representative Projects Smart/Microgrid Controls HNEI develops algorithms and technologies to control and manage power to stabilize the power grid and to increase resiliency. Palau high-speed BESS for contingency response High Resolution Solar Forecasting Maui Smart Grid Demand Reduction Project Smart-Grid PV Inverter Project Advanced Conservation Voltage Reduction Technology Development Project Coconut Island DC Hybrid Microgrid Resilient Renewable Energy Microgrids HNEI is developing, installing and testing smart and microgrid technologies in Hawaii and at US installations in the Pacific region Molokai Secure Microgrid Demonstration JBPHH Infrastructure Modernization and Renewable Integration Project Navy Marianas Infrastructure Modernization and Renewable Integration Project Navy Marianas Solar Integration Project USMC Okinawa Renewable Energy and Conservation Voltage Reduction Demonstration NAVFAC HI Advanced Inverter Demonstration 20

21 Moloka i Island 100% RE Grid Project 100% Renewable Goal by 2020 Nominal 5MW grid 2MW, 333kW-hr, Li-ion Titanate; kw scale community BESS; chemistry (TBD) System Data Collection Production Modeling Load Flow & Midterm Dynamics Modeling Dynamic Load Bank PV Forecasting Island Grid Controller Hawaii ranks #1 in U.S. electric energy costs: 47.1 cents/kwh Molokai 45.9 cents/kwh Lanai 41.9 cents/kwh Hawaii 37.8 cents/kwh Maui 35.5 cents/kwh Oahu (Avg. residential rates for 2014) cents/kwh U.S. avg. Opportunity to extend demonstration projects as a scalable model to other Asia-Pacific regional sites 21

22 Molokai Grid Stability Develop protocols and algorithms to demonstrate use of battery energy storage as contingency reserve on a low inertia grid Relatively small disturbances can trip a PV units, causing partial or even full outages 2MW, 375 MWh Li-ion titanate battery system installed at Molokai generating station Use battery to simulate loss-of-load or loss-of-generation Characterize grid response with and without active BESS (Battery) (Inverter)

23 Impact of BESS with 500kW Authority and Fast Response Expansions(bottom) show Up-Step BESS Authority = 500kW BESS Authority = 500kW Characterize fossil generator response to allow BESS authority to be increased Characterize impact of BESS on real losses and faults

24 Fault on 9/28/2017 Approx. 100 customers affected BESS limit was 200kW Note: appears clock for low rate data is latent relative to IRIG (clock for high rate data).

25 Molokai Dynamic Load Bank Up to 2X solar capacity: 6% over 840 hours 25

26 Molokaʻi Solar Forecasting Field Deployment Deployment focuses on Circuit 105A using 5 camera systems mounted on utility power poles Camera FOVs (shown by grey circles) are related to the cloud base height (CBH) - below, we use the regional mean atmospheric inversion height (900 m) to calculate FOV Distributed PV installations on Line 105A are indicated by red squares

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28 MAHALO For more information, contact: Rick Rocheleau Hawaii Natural Energy Institute 1680 East-West Road, POST 109 Honolulu, Hawaii Office: (808) Mobile: (808) Website: 28