5.5A Classifying Matter

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1 5.5A Classifying Matter Matter Mass Properties Magnetism Physical State Relative Density Solubility Thermal Energy Electrical Energy Conductor Insulator Classify Anything that has mass and takes up space The amount of matter in an object Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density, solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricity The property of attraction to a magnet The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas Objects that are more dense sink in water; less dense objects float in water Measurement of the ability of a solid to dissolve in a liquid Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials Energy produced by the movement of electrons Material that allows electric current or heat energy to flow through easily Material that slows down or stops electric current or heat from flowing Group together based on similar traits

2 5.5B Properties of Water Constant Boiling Point Melting Point Freezing Point Condensation Evaporation Physical State Not changing; the same The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a gas (the boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius) The temperature at which a substance changes states from a solid to a liquid The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a solid (freezing point of water is 0 degrees Celsius) Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas

3 5.5CD Mixtures and Solutions Ingredient Mixture Physical Change Solution Dissolve Property A single part of a mixture or solution A combination of two or more substances where each keep their own properties and can be easily separated Make different without changing what the material is made of, such as: cutting, folding, melting A mixture of one substance dissolved evenly in another. Melt, make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density, solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricity

4 5.6A Uses of Energy Energy What is needed to do work or cause change Mechanical Energy Energy produced by a machine or moving part Light Energy Sound Energy Electrical Energy Thermal Energy Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum Energy produced from vibration that you can hear Energy produced by the movement of electrons Energy that causes a transfer of heat between materials

5 5.6B Circuits and Electricty Electrical Circuit Electromagnetism Conductor Insulator Flow Electric Current Light Energy Heat Energy Sound Energy The pathway through which electrical current flows Magnetism created by an electric current; examples are MRI and electric motor Material that allows electric current to flow through easily Material that slows down or stops electric current from flowing To move or travel smooth in a certain direction The flow of electricity around a circuit Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials Energy produced from vibration that you can hear

6 5.6C Light Reflection Refraction Lens Mirror Laser Illuminate Light Spectrum Magnify Kaleidoscope Telescope Energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object (mirrors or echoes return energy back to their source) Energy waves that bend (change direction and speed) as they pass from one type of object to another type A clear piece of curved glass or plastic that bends passing light to focus or spread the light rays Any object that has a reflective surface A device that gives off a very strong and directed beam of light Light up The small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see; violet, blue, cyan, green, yellow, orange and red Increase in size, power or importance A tube that contains 3 mirrors that reflect many different designs of light passing through a colored disk on top. An instrument that uses mirrors and/or lenses to gather and focus light from objects far away

7 5.6D Experimenting with Forces Force Movement Shape Position Direction Gravity Friction Inertia Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Spring Scale A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction A change in position or location The outline or form of an object Where an object is located in space The line or course along which an object is moving A force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth A force that slows or stops motion when objects rub together The property of an object that resists movement by a force Energy in motion Energy that is stored An instrument that measures Earth's gravitational pull on an object

8 5.7A Formation of Fossil Fuels Oil Natural Gas Coal Pressure A flammable liquid produced from organic matter (remains of marine organisms) buried under layers of sediments for millions of years A flammable material, without a definite form, produced from organic material (remains of marine organisms) buried under layers of sediment found near oil deposits A flammable solid produced from organic material (remains of organisms living in/near a swamp) buried under layers of sediment. The action of force by one object against another (in a geyser, hot water escapes the pressure from under layers of the earth s crust) Sedimentary Rock Rock made of layers of compressed organic and inorganic sediments Fossil Fuel Organic Matter Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants and animals buried in the Earth s crust that is used to produce heat and power The waste and remains of plants and animals

9 5.7B Changes to Land Landform Features on the surface of the earth such as mountains, hills, dunes, oceans and rivers Delta Canyon Sand Dune Weathering Volcano Earthquake Deposition Erosion A triangle-shaped (deposit) landform at the mouth of a river as it empties into another body of water A deep gorge in the surface of the Earth formed by the erosion of moving water and sand Hills formed by the wind blowing sand The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice Created from the mixture of molten lava, ash and gases from the middle of the Earth that erupts through a crack in the Earth s surface A sudden release of energy under the Earth s surface that makes the ground shake or crack The build up of land by depositing sediment and soil in a new location The movement of weathered material on the Earth s surface by wind, water or ice

10 5.7C Alternative Energy Alternative Energy Resource Wind Energy Solar Energy Bio Fuel Fossil Fuel Pollution Renewable Resource Nonrenewable Resource Energy generated by natural processes that is renewable Energy that comes from changing the power of moving air into a useful form Energy that comes from the Sun Fuel made from plants and plant or animal waste Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants and animals buried in the Earth s crust for millions of years, that is used to produce heat Materials introduced into an environment that cause damage, discomfort or instability Materials from the Earth that can be replaced by nature in a short period of time; for example, trees Materials from the Earth that cannot be replaced within a reasonable amount of time; for example, coal, oil, and natural gas

11 5.7D What Happened Before Fossil Preserved parts or traces of animals and plants that lived in the past Model Sediment Decay Imprint Weathering Evidence A limited representation of something that can help us understand its structure or how it works. Small pieces of rock To rot and break down into small parts A mark or depression made by pressure The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water or ice A sign or proof

12 5.8A Weather and Climate Weather Climate Precipitation Temperature Trend Generalization Data Humidity Typical Describes the condition of the air outdoors such as temperature, cloud cover, wind speed, and rainfall Average weather conditon of a region year after year Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky How hot or cold something is The direction in which tends to move toward A rule or pattern based on limited proof Pieces of information The amount of water vapor in the air Usual; average

13 5.8B The Sun and Water Cycle Ocean Beach Erosion Waves Freshwater Saltwater Water Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation One of 5 large bodies of salt water that cover 75% of Earth The removal of beach materials into the sea or lakes by the action of waves, tides, or wind Moving ridges of water on the surface of the ocean caused by wind Water found in lakes, rivers, and streams that does not contain salt Water found in oceans (and a few lakes) that contains 3-4% salt The changes to water when it evaporates into the air, condenses into clouds, and then precipitates back down to the Earth s surface Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky

14 5.8C Earth's Rotation Rotation Axis Day Night Compass Sundial Shadow A 24-hour period, or, the time it takes the Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis A line, real or imaginary, around which something spins The time during rotation when the Earth faces the Sun and it is lighted; this rotation gives the false appearance that the Sun travels from east to west across the sky The time during its rotation when the Earth faces away from the Sun and it is dark; this rotation gives the false appearance that stars move across the sky Instrument that uses a small magnet to show which direction is North (N) Instrument that measures the time of day by using the position of the Sun A dark area caused when an object blocks light falling on a surface

15 5.8D Earth, Sun, and Moon Moon A natural satellite that orbits a planet. Some planets have no moons; others have over 60 moons. Orbit The path one object takes as it revolves around another object in space Craters Mass Weight Gravity Sun Earth Surface Celsius Bowl-shaped indents or cavities on the surface of a planet, moon, or asteroid that are caused by a collision with another object, such as a meteorite The amount of matter in an object The heaviness of an object; force of gravity on mass = weight A natural force that causes two objects to pull toward each other depending on their mass and the distance between them The star at the center of the Solar System that supplies heat and light to Earth; its enormous gravity keeps the solar system in orbit A planet in the Solar System that has life on it The outermost covering or layer A temperature scale that sets the freezing point of water at 0º and the boiling point at 100º

16 5.9A Ecosystem Interactions Ecosystem Living Element Nonliving Element Organism Adaptation Producer Consumer Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposer A community of living and nonliving things in their natural environment Part of an ecosystem that requires energy to survive has basic needs that must be met Part of an ecosystem that does not require energy to survive and does not have basic needs like food and water A living thing An inherited trait or learned behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms Animal that gets its energy by eating only other animals An animal that gets its energy by eating only plants Animal that gets its energy by both plants and other animals An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste

17 5.9B Energy Flow in an Ecosystem Producer Consumer Decomposer Energy Sun Food Chain Food Web Predator Nocturnal An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste What is needed to do work or cause change A typical star that is source of light and heat for plants in the solar system The path of food energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism Active at night

18 5.9C Environmental Changes Change Environment Organism Impact Carrying Capacity Population To become or make different The living and nonliving things around an organism A living thing Direct effect or change on The population size an environment and feed and support All the living things that belong that belong to the same group and live in the same area

19 5.9D Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen Cycle Carbon Cycle Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Respiration Elodea Bubble The movement of carbon on Earth by the processes of respiration and photosynthesis A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that animals use for respiration A gas produced by animals during respiration that plants use to make food, water, and oxygen A process by which animals use oxygen and food to make energy and carbon dioxide An aquatic plant Gas or air in a liquid

20 5.10A Adaptations Species Reproduction Adapation Survive Niche Camouflage Mimicry Migration Hibernation Predator Prey Habitat A group of organisms with similar characteristics that allow them to reproduce The act of making something new A characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive Stay alive or stay with A role an organism plays in its environment Characteristics that blend in with the surrounding environment that increase chances of survival The resemblance of an organism to another organism or to its surroundings that gives it a better chance of survival The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another When an animal becomes still in an enclosed space and reduces bodily functions to save energy An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism An animal that is hunted as food A place or environment in which an organism naturally lives

21 5.10B Inherited Traits and Learned Behaviors Organism Inherited Trait Learned Behavior Offspring Trait Heredity A living thing A characterisitic that is passed from parents to offspring during reproduction Animal behavior that develops from observation or instruction rather than being passed down by heredity New organisms that have come from parents that have reproduced Characteristic of an organism Passing of traits from parents to offspring during reproduction

22 5.10C Metamorphosis Egg Larva Pupa Adult Nymph Life Cycle Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis Stage The first stage in the life cycle of many organisms including birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and insects The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism resembles a worm The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism seems to be at rest and new body parts are forming A fully grown organism that can reproduce The stage of Incomplete Metamorphosis during which an insect eats and grows, and resembles a smaller version of the adult The stages in an organism's life from birth to death The type of development consisting of four distinct stages-- egg, larva, pupa, and adult The type of development consisting of three stages-- eggs, nymph, and adult Specific time during life or growth

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