Use of Caged Mussels and Passive Samplers to Monitor Bioaccumulation of PCBs, Chlorinated Pesticides, and PAHs in Anacostia River Tributaries

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1 Use of Caged Mussels and Passive Samplers to Monitor Bioaccumulation of PCBs, Chlorinated Pesticides, and PAHs in Anacostia River Tributaries Fred Pinkney, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service presented to the Anacostia Watershed Management Committee February 22, 218

2 Personnel/Roles Fred Pinkney, USFWS: toxicology, Anacostia, coordination Lance Yonkos, Rachel Harrison, Univ. Md. College Park: toxicology, biomarkers Upal Ghosh, Nathalie Lombard, Univ. Md. Baltimore County: chemistry, passive samplers, modeling Jess Jones, Julie Devers, USFWS, Matt Ashton, MD DNR freshwater mussel experts funded by District Department of Energy & Environment, Dev Murali, Project Manager

3 Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study 1) Nature and extent of contamination in the tidal river 2) Human health and ecological risk assessments 3) Evaluation of cleanup alternatives 4) Proposed plan However: Ongoing inputs can have a major contribution in an urban system and often not well characterized; Critical to evaluation of potential for re-contamination Provisional data subject to change

4 Ongoing sources of pollutants Need to understand contributions from: 1) Bed sediments 2) Inputs from tributaries and outfalls (storm & baseflow) 3) Air-water exchange Impact on organism and human exposure primarily through food chain Air-water exchange Upstream inputs Flux from sediment

5 STUDY STRATEGY 1) MEASURE POLLUTANT LEVELS IN WATER C total = C free + C DOC + C SS During Baseflow: - measure C free using passive samplers - take measurements of DOC & SS - estimate pollutant concentrations associated with DOC & SS During Stormflow: (USGS) - SS associated pollutant loads dominate - Collect SS during storm flow and measure pollutant conc. - estimate pollutant concentrations associated with DOC & C free 3) MEASURE FLOWS (USGS) 2) AIR-WATER AND SEDIMENT-WATER FLUXES 4) MEASURE POLLUTANT ACCUMULATION IN DEPLOYED MUSSELS 5

6 Passive sampling for measuring freely dissolved concentration approach Water column analysis Sediment pore water analysis

7 SAMPLING LOCATIONS Water sampler Air sampler Mussel

8 Tributaries Mussels and passive samplers BC NE NW HR WB LBC2 ZS shown ) : Beaverdam Creek : Northeast Branch : Northwest Branch :Hickey Run :Watts Branch :Lower Beaverdam Creek :Zekiah Swamp (reference site, not

9 PCB concentration in water phases-216 Water column Pore water Cw (ng/l) Cpw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 1x1-5 cancer risk PCB tot.64 ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk PCB tot.64ng/l EPA WQC recommended for organism consumption exceedance at several locations, especially Lower Beaverdam Creek Bed sediment- water column flux calculations Total PCB flux (ng/m 2.day) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 Provisional data subject to change

10 Mussels constantly pump water to feed and breathe. They filter out suspended particles in the water. Freshwater Mussels LIVING PUMPS: Mussels constantly pump water to feed and breathe. They filter out suspended particles in the water. Mussels are: 1) food for fish; 2) stabilize sediments; 3) improve water clarity which can help submerged aquatic vegetation and fish habitat; 4) remove bacteria and nutrients from water; 5) accumulate contaminants.;

11 Mussels Collected from Zekiah Swamp low in contaminants; Used as reference site in study Zekiah Swamp Charles County MD Mussel collection location/reference area

12 Deployment and Monitoring

13 Objectives: Mussels Objective 1: Compare concentrations in mussels exposed for ~9 days at 6 tribs: 216 and 217 Objective 2: Evaluate condition of deployed mussels as an initial investigation into the suitability of re-introducing mussels or augmenting existing populations in the watershed

14 PCBs concentration in mussel (versus water) Mussel Ctissue (ng/g wet weight) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 PreD Deca Nona Octa Hepta Hexa Penta Tetra Tri Di Mono Observed PCB uptake in mussel tissue after 9 days deployment Bioaccumulation in mussels in accordance with PCB physico chemical properties Water column Cw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 Provisional data subject to change

15 Endpoints: mussel condition Survival (99%, length, height, width, wet weight no apparent differences Carbohydrate, protein, lipid Glycogen is key for energy storage and successful overwintering when food availability is decreased

16 Year 1 Results Day 9 Day 15

17 Year 1 Results Trendlines--Carbohydrate

18 Summer 218 FWS Study Objective: evaluate survival and growth of hatchery bred Eastern lampmussel (Lampsilis radiata) in tidal river and two tributaries Weekly water quality monitoring and checks

19 Track down of contamination sources Cw (ng/l) LBC1 LBC2 LBC3 NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 Lower Beaverdam Creek LBC2 showed higher water concentration of PCB than other tributaries Added two additional sampling locations to track down source of contamination LBC1 and LBC3 Preliminary results showed even higher concentration at LBC1

20 Schedule Two field seasons completed (216, 217) Most lab analysis for Year 1 completed Lab analyses for Year 2 to be finished in May Draft report (2 chapters) July Final report (Sept 1)

21 ADDITIONAL CHEMISTRY DATA The remaining slides were added to give the Committee some results for PAHs and chlorinated pesticides. In these slides: Kingman Island (KI) and NSO (National Stadium) are locations from the tidal mainstem. The first slide shows PCB data for 217 where the most downstream Lower Beaverdam station (LBC1) shows the highest concentration

22 PCBs in water column Cw (ng/l) deca nona octa hepta hexa penta tetra 1 ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 LBC1 tri KI NSO 1x1-5 cancer risk PCB tot.64 ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk PCB tot.64ng/l

23 PAH Benzo(a) pyrene in water column Cw(ng/L) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 KI NSO 1x1-5 cancer risk BaP.12 ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk BaP.12ng/L

24 PAHs (parent and alkyls) in mussel Mussel Water column Ctissue (ng/g wet weight) Cw(ng/L) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 total alkyls pahs 29) Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 27) Dibenz(a,h)anthrace ne 26) Indeno(1,2,3,- cd)pyrene 24) Perylene Bioconcentration in mussel in accordance with PAH mixture physico chemical properties PAH mixture concentration in water is under final chronic values (narcosis model) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 24

25 Cw(ng/L) Cw(ng/L) Pesticides in water ZS BC NE Aldrin NW HIR WB 1x1-5 cancer risk Aldrin.1ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk Aldrin.1ng/l 1x1-5 cancer risk DDE.18ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk DDE.18ng/l LBC2 KI p,p'-ddt p,p'-ddd p,p'-dde ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 KI NSO NSO Cw(ng/L) 1.5 Cw(ng/L) ZS BC NE Dieldrin NW HIR WB LBC2 KI 1x1-5 cancer risk dieldrin.1ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk dieldrin.1ng/l trans-chlordane 1.5 1x1-5 cancer risk tot chlord 3.1ng/l 1x1-6 cancer risk tot chlord..31ng/l NSO cis-chlordane ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 KI NSO

26 Pesticides in mussel Mussel Water column 1 8 Ctissue (ng/g wet weight) Cw (ng/l) ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2 PreD Alphaendosulfan Dieldrin Bioconcentration in mussel in accordance with pesticide physico chemical properties Pesticide concentration in water is under EPA WQC recommended for aquatic life ZS BC NE NW HIR WB LBC2