Z DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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1 Z DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ENTER HERE BACK TO CONTENTS

2 Table of Contents... 1 Z.1 Introduction... 1 Z.1.1 Purpose of the Draft Environmental Management Plan... 1 Z.1.2 Draft Environmental Management Plan Scope... 1 Z.1.3 Project Proponent... 2 Z.1.4 Project Description... 3 Z.1.5 Design Process... 3 Z.1.6 Environmental Framework... 6 Z.1.7 Project Approval Process... 7 Z.1.8 Project Stakeholders... 8 Z.1.9 Environmentally Relevant Activities Z.1.10 Petroleum Tenures and Authorities Z.1.11 Project Financial Assurance Z.1.12 Project Life Z.2 Environmental Management System Z.2.1 Policy Z.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities Z.2.3 Inductions and Training Z.2.4 Monitoring and Reporting Z.2.5 Incidents and Emergencies Z.2.6 Inspections, Reviews and Audits Z.2.7 Continuous Improvement and Corrective Action Z.2.8 Community Concerns and Complaints Z.2.9 Document Control and Records Management Z.3 Description of Petroleum Activities Z.3.1 Overview Z.3.2 Resource Description Z.3.3 Major Infrastructure Components Z Production ells Z Gas and ater Gathering Systems Z Production Facilities Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd i

3 Z ater Storage Dams Z ater Treatment Facilities Z Brine Storage Dams Z.3.4 Other Infrastructure for the Beneficial Use of CSG ater and Brine Z.3.5 Power Generation Facilities Z.3.6 Supporting Infrastructure and Logistics Z orkforce Z Accommodation Facilities Z Borrow Pits Z Potable ater Z Depots Z.4 Environmental Values, Impacts and Management Actions Z.4.1 Air Quality Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.2 Geology, Landform and Soils Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.3 Landscape and Visual Amenity Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.4 Terrestrial Ecology Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.5 Aquatic Ecology Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd ii

4 Z Specific Management Z.4.6 Groundwater Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.7 Surface ater Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.8 CSG ater Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.9 Dams Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.10 Noise and Vibration Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.11 aste Management Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.12 Preliminary Hazard and Risk Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.13 Indigenous Cultural Heritage Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd iii

5 Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.14 Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.4.15 Roads and Transport Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Z Potential Impacts Z Specific Management Z.5 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Z.5.1 Final Land Use Options Z.5.2 Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Goals Z.5.3 Phases of Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Z.5.4 Summary of Rehabilitation Goals, Objectives, Indicators and Completion Criteria Z Production and Monitoring ells Z Gas and ater Gathering Systems and Gas Pipelines Z Production and Power Generation Facilities Z ater Treatment and Storage Facilities Z Supporting Infrastructure Z.5.5 Monitoring, Auditing and Reporting Requirements Z.6 References Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd iv

6 Figures Figure 1 Regional Context... 4 Figure 2 Regional Context... 9 Figure 3 Existing Land Tenements Figure 4 Arrow Environmental Policy Figure 5 Gas and ater Production and Treatment Figure 6 Sensitive Receptor Locations Figure 7 Surficial Geology of the Project Area Figure 8 EPBC Vegetation Communities (3D data) Figure 9 Biodiversity Status of Regional Ecosystems (EHP data) Figure 10 EVNT Flora Species Records (HERBRECS) and Known Habitat Figure 11 Known Habitats for EVNT Fauna Species Figure 12 Environmentally Sensitive Areas Figure 13 Groundwater Study Area Figure 14 Important Structural Elements of the Study Area Figure 15 Surface Catchments and Groundwater Management Areas of the Study Area Figure 16 Locations of Licenced Groundwater Allocations in the Study Area Figure 17 Basic Conceptual Hydrogeological Model Showing Induced Groundwater Flow during Project Operations Figure 18 Catchment Context Figure 19 Bowen Lease Area, Surface ater Monitoring Locations and Study Catchments Figure 20 Estimate of CSG ater Production throughout life of the Bowen Basin Figure 21 Conceptual CSG ater Management Overview Figure 22 Noise Contour - ithout Mitigation Figure 23 Noise Contour - ith Mitigation Figure 24 Search Results from ICHRaD and CHIMS Figure 25 Locations of Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage Sites in the Project Area Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd v

7 Tables Table 1 Environmentally Relevant Activities that may be Applicable to the Project Table 2 HSEMS Roles and Responsibilities Table 3 Typical CSG Composition Table 4 Pollutant Background Concentrations Based on Monitoring Results Table 5 Predicted Concentrations for Regional Scale Scenario 1 (Year 2023) Table 6 Predicted Concentrations for Regional Scale Scenario 2 (worst case) Table 7 Project Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Scope Table 8 Management Measures for Air Quality across all Project-Related Activities Table 9 Regional Stratigraphy Table 10 Land Systems and Land Units Table 11 Existing Contaminated Land Environmental Values Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 Management Measures for Geology, Landform and Soils across all Project-Related Activities Management Measures for Landscape and Visual Amenity across all Project-Related Activities Summary of EVNT Flora Likelihood of Occurrence in Project Areas based on Database Searches Summary of EVNT Fauna Likelihood of Occurrence in Project Area based on Database Searches Table 16 Management Measures for Terrestrial Ecology across all Project-Related Activities Table 17 Summary of Potential Unmitigated Significance Assessment on Aquatic Ecosystem Values Table 18 Management Measures for Aquatic Ecology across all Project-Related Activities Table 19 Estimated Maximum Drawdown Target Coal Seams of the Blackwater Group Table 20 Management Measures for Groundwater across all Project-Related Activities Table 21 Management Measures for Surface ater across all Project-Related Activities Table 22 Management Measures for CSG ater across all Project-Related Activities Table 23 ater Storage Requirements for Production Facilities Table 24 Management Measures for Dams across all Project-Related Activities Table 25 Summary of Unattended Monitoring Results Table 26 Management Measures for Noise and Vibration across all Project-Related Activities. 129 Table 27 Management Measures for aste across all Project-Related Activities Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd vi

8 Table 28 Table 29 Management Measures for Preliminary Hazard and Risk across all Project-Related Activities Management Measures for Indigenous Cultural Heritage across all Project-Related Activities Table 30 Sites Identified by Research Table 31 General Details on Grave Locations Table 32 Management Measures for Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage across all Project-Related Activities Table 33 Functional Road Hierarchy and Road Sensitivity Table 34 Cumulative Significance of Impacts Table 35 Table 36 Management Measures for Roads and Transport across all Project-Related Activities Rehabilitation Management of ells, Gathering Systems, Pipelines, Production Facilities and Power Generation Table 37 Conceptual Decommissioning Schedule Table 38 Rehabilitation Management of ater Treatment and Storage Facilities Table 39 Rehabilitation Management of Supporting Infrastructure Table 40 Monitoring, Auditing and Reporting Requirements Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd vii

9 Abbreviations / Units Abbreviation Definition Arrow AHD ALC AS ASC ATP ATPA CGPF CHIMS CHMP CLR CO CSG DERM DEHA DIP DSEPaC EA EHP EIS EM Plan EMR Arrow Energy Pty Ltd Australian Height Datum Agricultural Land Class Australian Standard Australian Soil Classification Authority to Prospect Authority to Prospect Application central gas processing facility Cultural Heritage Information Management System cultural heritage management plan Contaminated Land Register carbon monoxide coal seam gas Department of Environment and Resource Management Department of Environment, ater, Heritage and the Arts Department of Infrastructure and Planning (now Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning) Department of Sustainability, Environment, ater, Population and Communities environmental authority Department of Environment and Heritage Protection environmental impact statement environmental management plan Environmental Management Register EP Act Environmental Protection Act 1994 Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd viii

10 Abbreviation Definition EPBC Act Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 EP Regulation Environmental Protection Regulation 2008 EP (aste Management) Regulation EPM Environmental Protection (aste Management) Regulation 2000 exploratory permits for minerals EPP (Air) Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 2008 EPP (Noise) Environmental Protection (Noise) Policy 2008 ERAs ESA EVNT FCF GAB GIS HERBRECS HSEMS IECA ICHRaD ILUA IDP IPF ISO LNG LOS LUC LBC environmentally relevant activities environmentally sensitive area endangered, vulnerable or near threatened field compression facility Great Artesian Basin geographic information system Queensland Herbarium s record system health, safety and environmental management system International Erosion Control Association Indigenous Cultural Heritage Register and Database indigenous land use agreement Initial Development Plan integrated processing facility International Standards Organisation liquefied natural gas level of service land unit code Land and ater Biodiversity Committee Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd ix

11 Abbreviation Definition MDL ML mineral development licence mining lease NC Act Nature Conservation Act 1992 NGOs NMBSC NO 2 NOx NRM NZS O 3 non-government organisations National Minimum Bore Specifications Committee nitrogen dioxide oxides of nitrogen Department of Natural Resources and Mines New Zealand Standard ozone P&G Act Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 PetroChina PL PLA PPL Project QPS Ro RUMP SCL Shell SO 2 SOx TDS TEC PetroChina Company Limited petroleum license petroleum lease application petroleum pipeline licence Bowen Gas Project Queensland Parks and ildlife Service right of way Road Use Management Plan strategic cropping land Royal Dutch Shell plc sulfur dioxide oxides of sulfur total dissolved solids threatened ecological community Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd x

12 Abbreviation TMR TSP UIR VOC ERD Definition Department of Transport and Main Roads total suspended particulates Underground ater Impact Report volatile organic compounds ater Entitlements Registration Database Unit Definition % percentage GL ha kg km km 2 kpa kpag kv m m 3 gigalitre hectare kilogram kilometre square kilometre kilopascal kilopascal gauge kilovolt metre cubic metre µm micrometre µg/m 3 µs/cm mbgl mg/l ML ML/d micrograms per cubic metre microsiemens per centimetre metres below ground level milligrams per litre megalitre megalitres per day Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd xi

13 Unit Definition ML/yr mm M ph PJ megalitres per year millimetre megawatt The absolute value of the decimal logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration (activity), used as an indicator of acidity (ph less than 7) or alkalinity (ph greater than 7) or neutrality (ph 7) petajoule PM 10 particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm PM 2.5 particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm t TJ TJ/d tonne terajoule terajoues per day Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd xii

14 Z.1 Introduction Z.1.1 Purpose of the Draft Environmental Management Plan This draft environmental management plan (EM Plan) forms part of the EIS and as such, has been developed in accordance with the Bowen Gas Project Final Terms of Reference (ToR), but can also be read as a standalone document. The Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (EHP) (previously the Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM)) Guideline for Preparing an Environmental Management Plan for Coal Seam Gas Activities (DERM, 2010b) was also used to inform the content and structure of this plan. The purpose of this draft EM Plan is to detail environmental values, potential impacts to these values from Project activities and environmental protection commitments for the Project to implement during planning and design, construction, operation and decommissioning to enable protection of the identified environmental values. This draft EM Plan will be utilised to inform the subsequent Operational EM Plan that will be prepared to support the application for Arrow Energy s Pty Ltd (Arrow) Environmental Authority (EA) for the Project. The key objectives of this draft EM Plan are to: Document acceptable environmental protection commitments to manage potential impacts on the environmental values as a result of proposed activities and, in doing so, assist the administrating authority decide on the approval conditions for the Project EIS; and Provide the community with evidence that the environmental management of the Project is appropriate. Z.1.2 Draft Environmental Management Plan Scope This draft EM Plan describes Arrow s approach to the management of environmental impacts associated with Project activities, from planning and design, through to decommissioning and rehabilitation. Broadly, the document describes the following: Arrow s health, safety and environmental management system (HSEMS); Existing and proposed activities associated with the Project; Existing environment of the Project area and surrounds, including the identification of relevant environmental values; Potential impacts of the Project s activities on identified environmental values; Environmental protection commitments for each of the following environmental elements to minimise the identified potential impacts: air quality; geology, landform and soils; landscape and visual amenity; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 1

15 terrestrial ecology; groundwater; surface water; aquatic ecology; CSG water; dams; noise and vibration; waste; preliminary hazard and risk; Indigenous cultural heritage; non-indigenous cultural heritage; roads and transport; and decommissioning and rehabilitation. As a separate document, Arrow has also developed a draft social impact management plan (SIMP). The SIMP was prepared based on the Department of State Development, Infrastructure and Planning (formerly Department Infrastructure and Planning (DIP)) Guideline to Preparing a Social Impact Management Plan (DIP, 2010) and provides avoidance, mitigation and management measures to address the potential impacts identified in the social impact assessment conducted as part of the Project EIS. Z.1.3 Project Proponent Arrow is an emerging leader in coal seam gas (CSG) development. In Queensland, it operates gas projects at Moranbah in the Bowen Basin, and around Dalby in the Surat Basin. Arrow s five producing projects currently account for more than 20% of Queensland s overall domestic gas consumption. Arrow was established in 1997 and listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in August In August 2010, Arrow was acquired by CS CSG (Australia) Pty Ltd, which is a joint venture owned by Royal Dutch Shell plc (Shell) and PetroChina Company Limited (PetroChina). Both companies have an established history of working together on the development of energy projects and bring the technical capabilities, capital backing, major project experience and LNG marketing ability to accelerate the realisation of Arrow s business goals. Arrow s interests span gas field developments, pipeline assets, electricity generation and the proposed LNG project. Arrow currently operates, or is a major participant in, a number of gas production facilities and supporting infrastructure as well as power stations, within Australia. Arrow has interests in more than 65,000 km 2 of petroleum tenures mostly covering Queensland s Surat and Bowen Basins. These petroleum tenures are located close to Queensland s three key markets Townsville, Gladstone and Brisbane. The Moranbah Gas Project in the Bowen Basin, and the Tipton est, Daandine, Kogan North Projects in the Surat Basin near Dalby, comprise Arrow s existing gas producing projects. The majority of gas from Arrow s five producing projects is supplied to the Daandine (33 megawatts (M)), Townsville (235 M) and Braemar 2 (450 M) power stations with the electricity being sold into the national grid. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 2

16 Arrow s current petroleum operations in the Bowen Basin are located approximately 300 kilometres (km) south of Townsville and 150 km south west of Mackay (Figure 1). The Moranbah Gas Project is one of the largest operating CSG projects in Australia. Total gas production for the year ending 30 June 2010 was petajoules (PJ). The Moranbah Gas Processing Facility comprises inlet gas conditioning, four 2.6 M reciprocating gas engine compressor units, a triethylene glycol gas dehydration unit, and export gas metering and monitoring. The facility is used to process gas for injection into the North Queensland Gas Pipeline which delivers gas to markets in Townsville, including Queensland Nickel Industries, Copper Refineries and the Townsville Power Station. The Shell and PetroChina investment in Arrow means that it will be underpinned by significant gas field development expertise, established LNG technology, production and supply experience, and industry and market knowledge. Z.1.4 Project Description Arrow proposes to expand its CSG operations in the Bowen Basin of Queensland through the Bowen Gas Project (the Project). The Project is expected to cater to the growing demand for gas in the Australian market and in the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) export market. The Project area covers approximately 8,000 square kilometres (km 2 ) and is located approximately 850 kilometres (km) north of Brisbane and 150 km south-west of Mackay in Queensland's Bowen Basin. It extends from the township of Glendon in the north towards Moranbah, Dysart and Blackwater in the south (Figure 1). It is envisaged the Project will produce CSG from up to 6,625 production wells over a 40 year Project life. The gas and water from the production wells will be piped to production facilities (field compression facilities (FCF), central gas processing facilities (CGPF) and integrated processing facilities (IPF)). These production and processing facilities will compress CSG, and the IPF will also manage CSG water. This draft EM Plan forms part of an environmental impact statement (EIS), which will be submitted to Commonwealth and State governments for Project approval. Z.1.5 Design Process The EIS will not be able to identify the exact locations of all wells, pipelines and other associated infrastructure throughout the life of the project. However, as required under the EP Act, the EIS must provide enough information about the impacts of the Project to help the administering authority decide whether the Project should proceed and, for the purposes of the bilateral assessment for the EPBC Act process, to provide the Commonwealth Environment Minister with sufficient information to make a decision about the Project. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 3

17 COLLINSVILLE BR U C -21 H -21 E Y MACKAY ATPA742 GLENDEN ATPA749 ATP1103 ATP1103 A PE K DO NS H Y NEBO CE U BR MORANBAH H L TA Y OR ME N P EG GR V E L O DE Y ATP759 RD K D O N S H ATP1031 Y DYSART ATP1031 CLERMONT -23 MIDDLEMOUNT MARLBOROUGH ATP1103 TIERI -23 A PE GR EG OR YH Y CAIRNS ATP1025 EMERALD MOUNT ISA Y MACKAY BLACKATER GRE G CAP RICO RN HY ORY H TONSVILLE ROCKHAMPTON DUARINGA GLADSTONE BUNDABERG MARYBOROUGH BRISBANE TOOOOMBA IPSICH COOLANGATTA This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. ARMIDALE TAREE 147 / km Bowen Gas Project Tenements 1:2,000,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT REGIONAL CONTET ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2099.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev. A 1 A4

18 Siting of CSG infrastructure is a process of progressive refinement informed by exploration, resource validation and gas field design to optimise recovery of economic reserves. The Project is currently at the concept select phase which includes the development of a reference case or conceptual layout that describes how wells, gathering systems and production facilities might be arranged to extract and process gas. This is presented as areas in which facilities might be developed, with the arrangement of gathering systems and wells within a typical grid arrangement i.e. a grid of wells at nominally 800 m intervals. A preliminary development sequence has been developed as part of this reference case to establish an indicative construction and drilling program. This reference case has been used as the basis for impact assessment in the EIS as it generally represents the worst case development scenario in terms of environmental impacts. If required, the reference case will be updated after the concept select phase and will progress into the detailed design (front end engineering design (FEED)). This updated reference case will describe in more detail how the gas fields would be laid out and developed. It will provide a greater level of detail about the number and capacity of production facilities, and confirm equipment type selection, as well as functional layouts of wells and gathering systems. Constraints mapping and the findings of the EIS will inform design and take into consideration a range of factors, including technical feasibility, constructability, cost and risk, as required by standards applicable to the design, construction and operation of petroleum and gas developments. The conceptual layout presented in the EIS will be refined to optimise the number of production facilities and wells and gathering systems required to recover the economic reserves. Field development planning is iterative and will be ongoing through the life of the Project as gas reserves mature and actual production is realised. Hence the reference case and development sequence are expected to be progressively optimised through the Project life. FEED will inform detailed design of the early gas field layout which relies on access to land for information gathered in geotechnical investigations, confirmation of environmental constraints, and landowner consultation. At this stage details on proposed facility locations for the initial phases of development would be determined and become the basis for the environmental authority (EA) application. The design process covers a number of activities which take approximately five years for each separate development area. The way in which the environmental framework is integrated with the design process is set out below: Step 1: Analysis of geological and geophysical data to inform exploration program, including location of exploration wells. Undertake exploration drilling program. Step 2: Analysis of exploration data. Installation of pilot wells to prove CSG yields and CSG water production. Step 3: Conceptual and preliminary design of gas field. Land access negotiations with landowners initiated. Consultation with landowners and key stakeholders on gas field development. Ecological and cultural heritage preconstruction clearance surveys and geotechnical investigations. Step 4: Detailed design of gas field and production facilities. Ongoing land access negotiations. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 5

19 Step 5: Detailed design of gas field and production facilities, revision or development of work plans, preparation of site-specific environmental management plans. Land access arrangements finalised. Z.1.6 Environmental Framework CSG field development would be progressive, extending over the life of the Project which would be up to 40 years. Unlike conventional gas resources, CSG resources are extensive, requiring widespread field development to recover the resource. Furthermore, the yield from target coal seams is variable across the gas field. This leads to uncertainty about the precise number, timing and location of wells required to dewater the coal seams and extract the gas. Prior to considering environmental and social constraints, selection of the ideal location of infrastructure required to treat the coal seam gas water and process the gas is also uncertain, being driven by exploration results and optimisation of well placement and water and gas gathering systems. The lack of certainty about the preferred location of infrastructure requires an environmental assessment approach which is different to that which would apply to a defined development at a fixed location. The approach that has been adopted for this Project is based on an assessment of the typical impacts of the various Project activities that are proposed. ith that knowledge, greater certainty about potential impacts can be achieved by identifying those areas that are not amenable to certain Project activities and, if they were developed, how development would proceed. This has been achieved through the identification of constraints to development and the establishment of environmental management controls that would apply to Project activities in constrained areas. Known as an environmental framework, this approach is an internal process developed by Arrow for avoiding and managing environmental impacts in the Project s planning, construction and operation phases through the application of environmental controls that reflect the sensitivity or vulnerability of environmental values. Constraints mapping, an integral part of the environmental framework, is informed by this EIS and guides site and route selection decisions based on the known level of environmental constraints in the area and the level of impact posed by the Project activity. In this way the conceptual design can seek to avoid or minimise impacts, thereby protecting environmental values. This assessment process would facilitate Project approval as it reflects the phased approach to development of the CSG fields. It progressively demands more detailed information to inform decisions about whether the Project should proceed, whether requisite environmental authorities and permits should be granted, and under what conditions. Each stage of the assessment process provides opportunities for stakeholders as well as interested and affected people to comment on the information provided and the approvals sought. Public notification and comment requirements are embodied in each aspect of the approvals process. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 6

20 Z.1.7 Project Approval Process The assessment process that would facilitate approval of the Project reflects the phased approach to development of the CSG fields. It progressively demands more detailed information to inform decisions about whether the project should proceed, under what conditions and whether requisite environmental authorities and permits should be granted, and under what conditions. Each stage of the assessment process provides opportunities for stakeholders as well as interested and affected people to comment on the information provided by Arrow and the approvals sought. Public notification and comment requirements are embodied in each aspect of the approvals process. Following completion of the EIS public review and the preparation of any supplementary information required, the Chief Executive of the Department of Environment and Heritage Protection (EHP) will consider all submissions in preparing the EIS assessment report. The EIS assessment report will: Assess the adequacy of the EIS and the environmental management plan; Make recommendations about the suitability of the Project; Set out the conditions under which the Project should proceed; and Provide direction to government agencies and regulatory authorities for the assessment and conditioning of EAs and permits required subsequently to construct and operate the Project. Following approval of the EIS, Arrow will require an EA under the EP Act to commence the Project s construction and operation on a petroleum lease (PL). Arrow may apply for an EA or amend an existing EA. An EA will set out the detailed conditions under which a Project must be constructed and operated within a PL. Detailed information is required to enable an EA application to be assessed by EHP and is typically presented in an environmental management plan, or similar document prepared as part of the EIS or as part of the EA application. An application for an EA must be published and public comment invited. EHP will consider any submissions in assessing the application and determining the conditions that apply. Arrow must have a valid EA before a PL can be granted by Department of Natural Resources and Mines (NRM). PL applications must be published and public comment sought prior to grant of the lease. An initial development plan, which typically covers the first five years of the Project s development, must be submitted with the application. The initial development plan would contain detailed information about the nature and extent of activities to be carried out under the lease(s). Subsequent development plans would provide detailed information about subsequent development of further PLs and changes to authorised development. NRM must consider any submissions in deciding whether to grant the lease and any conditions that apply. Arrow proposes to stage the applications for PLs and the associated EAs (or amendments to EAs) throughout development of the project, as additional PLs are required to support gas field development. This staged process will mean that the development concept will have had time to mature and additional information on the development will be available (for example, locations of major infrastructure such as integrated processing facilities) to interested and affected people, the broader public and the administering authority when each of these applications is made. Arrow must also negotiate a conduct and compensation agreement under the P&G Act with landowners on whose land the petroleum activities will be carried out. Negotiation of the agreement Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 7

21 provides an opportunity to landowners to raise concerns specific to their property and to reach agreement with Arrow on where, how and when development will occur of their property. Arrow is required to provide detailed information about the proposed activities, the location and timing of activities, the measures to manage impacts, rehabilitation and compensation. Negotiation of compensation includes access to dispute resolution and to the Land Court if agreement cannot be reached through the normal process. An outline of the Project s approval process is provided below (Figure 2). Z.1.8 Project Stakeholders The Project s social and cultural area of influence is located within the wider Bowen Basin region, which includes the Regional Council areas of Isaac and Central Highlands. The towns of Moranbah, Dysart, Glenden, Nebo, Middlemount and Blackwater were considered to represent the major service centres within the Project area and served as consultation focal points for both rural and town-based stakeholders. In addition to members of the residential communities mentioned, Project stakeholders include but are not limited to: Political party representatives; Landholders and occupiers; Bowen Basin interest groups; Regional communities; Health services; Education; Government agencies; Industry / peak bodies; Local industry and businesses; Community and interest groups; and Media. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 8

22 Terms of Reference Public notification and comment on Draft Terms of Reference (EHP) Assessment of significant impacts Environmental Impact Statement Public notification and comment on Environmental Impact Statement (EHP) Assessment of significant impacts (EM Plan) [such as the location of major infrastructure, eg. Integrated Processing Facilities and Central Gas Processing Facilities] Environmental Authority Public notification and comment on new and amended Environmental Authority (EHP) Initial development plan Petroleum Lease (or PPL) Public notification and comment prior to grant of Petroleum Lease or Petroleum Pipeline Licence (NRM) Property specific information [such as property level detail on location of wells, gathering system and access arrangements] Conduct and Compensation Agreement Negotiation and agreement with landowner (proponent) This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT APPROVALS PROCESS FOR PETROLEUM GAS ACTIVITIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure: 2 File No: g-2124.cdr Drawn: MH Approved: DS Date: Rev. A A4

23 Z.1.9 Environmentally Relevant Activities Under the Environmental Protection Act 1994 (EP Act) (Qld), some activities associated with the Project are considered to be environmentally relevant activities (ERAs). Detailed planning of the final Project design will allow the ERAs to be identified. Based on the preliminary field development concept, ERAs that are expected to be relevant to the Project include, but are not limited to, those described in Table 1. Table 1 Environmentally Relevant Activities that may be Applicable to the Project ERAs Level 1 Chapter 5A activity ERA 8 chemical storage ERA 14 electricity generation ERA 15 fuel burning ERA 56 regulated waste storage ERA 58 regulated waste treatment ERA 43 concrete batching ERA 60 waste disposal ERA 63 sewage treatment Description Chapter 5A activities include all authorised activities under the Petroleum and Gas (Production and Safety) Act 2004 (Qld), including incidental activities. Relates to a petroleum activity that is likely to have a significant impact on a category A or B environmentally sensitive area. 10 m 3 or more of chemicals of class C1 or C2 combustible liquids under AS 1940 or dangerous goods class 3. Electricity generation (the relevant activity) consists of generating electricity by using gas at a rated capacity of 10 M electrical or more. Fuel burning (the relevant activity) consists of using fuel-burning equipment that is capable of burning at least 500 kg of fuel in an hour. Regulated waste storage (the relevant activity) consists of operating a facility for receiving and storing regulated waste for more than 24 hours. Regulated waste treatment (the relevant activity) consists of operating a facility for receiving and treating regulated waste or contaminated soil to render the waste or soil non-hazardous or less hazardous. Concrete batching (the relevant activity) consists of producing 200 t or more of concrete or concrete products in a year, by mixing cement with sand, rock, aggregate or other similar materials. Operating a facility for disposing of regulated waste; more than 200,000 t. Operating 1 or more sewage treatment works at a site that has a total daily peak design capacity of more than 21 equivalent persons. Applicable Project Activities All petroleum activities Storage of chemicals Power generation to supply gas compression and water treatment facilities Flaring of gas at gas production facilities Storage of regulated waste prior to treatment (regarding CSG water) Temporary storage of brine from CSG water treatment process May be required if concrete for facility construction is produced at a batching plant Temporary storage of brine from CSG water treatment process Sewerage facilities at construction camp sites and/or production facility sites Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 10

24 ERAs ERA 64 water treatment Description ater treatment (the relevant activity) consists of carrying out any of the following activities in a way that allows waste, whether treated or untreated, to be released into the environment: Desalinating 0.5 ML or more of water in a day. Treating 10 ML or more of raw water in a day. Carrying out advanced treatment of 5 ML or more of water in a day. Applicable Project Activities CSG water treatment process A number of activities associated with the Project are deemed to be level 1 Chapter 5A activities that, under s. 23(1) of the Environmental Protection Regulation 2008 (EP Regulation), are prescribed as level 1 ERAs. The EP Act defines level 1 Chapter 5A activities as having a medium to high risk of causing serious environmental harm. A level 1 EA is required before a level 1 Chapter 5A ERA can be undertaken. As part of the application procedure for a level 1 EA, the EHP determines whether an EIS is required before deciding the application. An EM Plan is required to be submitted with the application to the EHP in accordance with s. 310D of the EP Act. The purpose of this draft EM Plan is to propose environmental protection commitments to assist the administering authority (EHP) to assess and condition the Project EIS. This draft EM Plan will be further refined to meet the obligations for preparing an Operational EM Plan under the EP Act to support the application for the EA. This draft EM Plan identifies the environmental avoidance, mitigation and management measures that will be implemented to protect the environmental values identified in the EIS. For projects of significant scale, an EIS process is generally required to identify the potential environmental impacts and propose appropriate assessment methods and mitigation measures to determine if an EA should be granted. Arrow has elected to prepare a voluntary EIS under Chapter 3, Part 2, of the EP Act as the first step toward preparing the EA applications for the Project. Z.1.10 Petroleum Tenures and Authorities All petroleum or gas projects require both a tenure from the Department of Natural Resources and Mines (NRM) that gives Arrow rights in relation to petroleum and an EA from EHP that regulates the environmental management of the Project. There are two main types of petroleum tenures for CSG extraction: an authority to prospect (ATP) and a PL. An ATP is granted to facilitate the exploration and testing of CSG resources for a maximum of 12 years. A PL is given to facilitate exploration, testing and production of CSG resources for a maximum of 30 years. A petroleum tenure requires a four- to five-year plan to be approved by the Queensland Government that details the extent and nature of activities to be carried out during that period. If the plan is significantly changed within the period, another plan must be lodged. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 11

25 The Project area directly overlies the following resource tenements: 80 granted mining leases (ML); 22 granted mineral development licences (MDL); 10 granted exploratory permits for minerals (EPM); Five petroleum pipeline licences (PPL); and Petroleum lease applications (PLA). These are mapped in Figure 3. Z.1.11 Project Financial Assurance Provision of financial assurance is required for all level 1 EAs under s. 310D of the EP Act. This is to be calculated in accordance with EHP's guideline, Financial Assurance for Petroleum Activities (DERM, 2011a) and must include the cost of rehabilitation of any disturbed land. The calculation of financial assurance for the construction and operations phases will be part of the application stage of the EA for the Project. This calculation will be in accordance with the EHP guideline. Z.1.12 Project Life A Project life of 40 years has been adopted. Ramp-up to peak production is estimated to take approximately five years and is planned to occur between 2017 to approximately Following ramp-up, gas production will be sustained at approximately 520 terajoules (TJ) per day (TJ/d) for the first phase of the Project, after which production is expected to decline. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 12

26 MACKAY ATPA742 PLA473 GLENDEN ATPA749 PPL83 PPL89 ATP1103 ATP1103 NEBO PLA300 L5 PP MORANBAHPP L135 L8 PP 3 ATP759 ATP1031 DYSART ATP1103 MIDDLEMOUNT ATP1031 CLERMONT TIERI This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. PPL 12 PPL1 14 ATP1103 PP L PPL1 EMERALD BLACKATER ATP / km 149 Petroleum Pipeline Licence Bowen Gas Project Tenements Mining Lease Towns Mineral Development Licence APPLICATION Petroleum Lease GRANTED 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) NON-CURRENT Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. EISTING LAND TENEMENTS BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2100.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: 3 Rev.B A4

27 Z.2 Environmental Management System Arrow is committed to the sound management of health, safety and the environment throughout all of its business activities. The company maintains a comprehensive and integrated HSEMS based on the principles of International Standards Organisation (ISO) Environmental Management Systems - Requirements with Guidance for Use and Australian Standard (AS) / New Zealand Standard (NZS) 4801:2001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Specification with Guidance for Use. Z.2.1 Policy Arrow s environmental policy (Figure 4) governs the development and implementation of Arrow s HSEMS. Together, these documents are the key tools used by Arrow to engage in activities and to supply services in an environmentally sustainable manner. By implementing the Arrow HSEMS and site-based EM Plans, Arrow aims to: Conduct operations in compliance with all relevant environmental legislation, regulations, licences, permits, standards, approvals and authorities; Clearly allocate responsibilities for environmental performance at all levels within Arrow and its business associates and build environmental competency through provision of structured environmental training to its employees, contractors and other service providers; Seek continuous improvement in environmental performance through setting objectives and targets for improved environmental performance, provide sufficient financial and human resources to meet these objectives and targets, apply research and development and cleaner production principles and, where applicable, use environmentally sustainable products and resources; Apply best industry practice in the management, supply and delivery of CSG; Communicate with customers and the community about commitments to this vision, its application and their view of Arrow s performance; and Report annually on environmental performance. Z.2.2 Roles and Responsibilities Arrow is ultimately responsible for the ongoing environmental management of Project activities. However, all Arrow employees and contractors are responsible for the environmental performance of their activities and must demonstrate compliance with Arrow procedures and policies and with any commitments made as part of the HSEMS and this draft EM Plan. Key Arrow personnel have specific environmental responsibilities when managing environmental management issues. These personnel and their responsibilities are presented in Table 2. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 14

28 This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. BNE hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT ARRO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure: 4 File No: g-2101.cdr Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Rev. B A4

29 Table 2 HSEMS Roles and Responsibilities Role Responsibility Chief Executive Officer Performance of Arrow; Corporate environmental policy; and Fostering a partnership that promotes ownership of Arrow s environmental responsibilities. Chief Operating Officer Implementation of corporate and environmental policy; and Systems and resources to ensure compliance with environmental policy. Vice President Corporate Health, Safety and Environment Performance measurement and reporting, including recommendations for improvement and corrective actions. General Managers Authorised officer for signing environmental documentation; and Ensuring management and monitoring practices and procedures are documented and clearly communicated within the organisation. General Manager: Assets Implementation of management and monitoring practices and procedures in all operation areas; Resourcing; and Accountable for compliance. Environment managers Environmental approvals management; Development of operational procedures and practices relevant to the environment; Coordinating incident response; and Reporting and compliance related issues. All site and field personnel Environmental approvals management; Development of operational procedures and practices relevant to the environment; Coordinating incident response; Reporting and compliance-related issues; Training in and implementing procedures, including those that address environmental management, at a site or operational level; Overseeing day to day activities; and Carrying out specific activities that ensure compliance with EA conditions, including monitoring and data collection. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 16

30 Z.2.3 Inductions and Training Environmental awareness inductions and training appropriate to the level of risk and type of work being performed will be provided to all employees, contractors, subcontractors and visitors. Training plans will be developed to attain, improve and maintain personnel competencies and the overall environmental performance of Arrow. Additionally, plans will be reviewed following change, incident investigations and hazard studies. Training will: Cover all emergency response procedures; Review hazards and control measures; Review environmental standard operating procedures; Present consequences and impacts of departure from hazard and control measures; Reinforce the role of hazard and control measures in achieving company and business unit objectives and targets; and Be regularly evaluated to ensure the required learning outcomes are being achieved. Training, competency and awareness of site personnel are tracked via a database that addresses the needs stipulated by an individual s work area. This database is reviewed through the course of internal and external compliance audits and will be maintained on site and available on request. Z.2.4 Monitoring and Reporting Monitoring and reporting provide a direct measure of the Project s impacts and the consequences of its operations, together with an indication of the effectiveness of Arrow s HSEMS. Planned monitoring and reporting include the following: Monitoring implementation of specific EM Plans and procedures; Regular inspection of construction and operational activities; Environmental monitoring of impacts over time (e.g., photo-monitoring and audits); Reporting and analysis of regulated discharges, emissions and waste disposal; and Any other prescribed monitoring in accordance with the conditions of the relevant EA. Z.2.5 Incidents and Emergencies Incident reporting and management within Arrow are reinforced through EM Plans, procedures and incident reporting guidelines and are included and emphasised during training of personnel. Environmental incidents are reported through Arrow s management line and are investigated to establish immediate and system (root) causes. Corrective actions are applied to prevent recurrence. Arrow s Environment and Approvals managers ensure that external environmental reporting requirements in the event of any incident are fulfilled. Arrow has plans and procedures for preparedness and response to emergencies. These are applied to both environmental and safety events. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 17

31 Z.2.6 Inspections, Reviews and Audits Internal inspections, reviews and audits are undertaken as both scheduled and unscheduled activities. Monthly audits are conducted for aspects of operations and maintenance activities in conjunction with site environmental improvement plans and review meetings. In addition, spot audits are undertaken during ad hoc site visits. External audits will be undertaken at least once every two years and when required to evaluate compliance with EA conditions and Arrow s HSEMS. Z.2.7 Continuous Improvement and Corrective Action The components of the Arrow HSEMS (including relevant management plans, procedures and guidelines) will be reviewed and updated as a result of audit outcomes, subsequent corrective actions, changes in activities, procedures or improved technology. Updates will also reflect legislative amendments together with relevant Project changes or issues that arise during petroleum project activities. Z.2.8 Community Concerns and Complaints Arrow is committed to managing all community concerns in an accountable, transparent, timely and meaningful way. Arrow has in place a complaints management system that outlines how staff must handle, report and address complaints. The system is consistent with the AS ISO 10002: 2006 Customer Satisfaction Guidelines for Complaints Handling in Organizations. Complaints will be recorded in the complaints management system database. All complainants will be treated courteously and kept informed of the progress of their complaint throughout the complaint management process. By monitoring complaints and recording their outcomes, Arrow will ensure continued improvement in its operations and activities through meaningful feedback provided about potential improvements identified as a result of complaints. Z.2.9 Document Control and Records Management As required by ISO 14001, Arrow will maintain a database for storage and retrieval of environmental data, records and other relevant information for the Project. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 18

32 Z.3 Description of Petroleum Activities Z.3.1 Overview Project infrastructure, including CSG production wells and production facilities (including both water treatment and power generation facilities where applicable), will be located throughout the Project area and excluded from town centres. Facilities supporting the petroleum development activities, such as depots, offices, and construction and operation support facilities, may be located in or adjacent to towns. The conceptual Project design presented in the EIS is premised upon sustained production from Arrow s Bowen Basin gas fields of approximately 520 TJ/d (inclusive of infield gas usage of approximately 10%). Z.3.2 Resource Description In geological terms, the Project area lies within the Bowen Basin. The gas resource for the Project lies within the coal seams of the Moranbah (or German Creek) coal measures, the Fort Cooper coal measures and the Rangal coal measures. The CSG composition within the Project area has been characterised from Arrow s existing testing and production. Typical CSG components are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Typical CSG Composition Component Typical Quantity (%) Methane Ethane 0.01 Carbon dioxide 0.19 Nitrogen 1.05 Z.3.3 Major Infrastructure Components Development of the CSG reserves in the Bowen Basin will require significant infrastructure to extract and transport the gas for production and sale. Arrow proposes that numerous production wells be installed, first to remove the CSG water and then to extract the CSG for production at a number of production facilities. Production facilities will dehydrate and compress the gas for transport to market, as well as manage the CSG water. Power generation facilities will be required, as will various supporting infrastructure. The Project area will be divided into development areas (individual gas fields), with timing of the development of each of these areas sequenced to meet production targets. The main infrastructure components of the Project are: Production wells; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 19

33 Gas and water gathering systems; Production facilities; ater and brine treatment and storage facilities (as part of the production facilities); Power generation facilities (as part of the production facilities); and Supporting infrastructure and logistics. Z Production ells It is expected that up to 6,625 production wells will be required across the Project area over the life of the Project. Arrow proposes to install production wells on an approximate 800 metre (m) grid spacing, subject to constraints and negotiation with landowners. ells generally may be spaced between 700 and 1,500 m apart depending on such constraints as environmental and social values, economics, reservoir characteristics and existing land use. Z Gas and ater Gathering Systems Following construction of a production well, CSG and water are produced at low pressures of approximately 100 kilopascal (kpa) gauge (kpag) for gas and 600 kpag for water. Gas and water gathering systems are required to collect and transport the gas and water to production facilities. Gas and water gathering systems may include: ellhead facilities, such as a water and gas separator vessel, water pump, electrical generator, electrical control panel, instrumentation, piping and valving at the wellhead to control the flow of the gas and CSG water from the well to the gathering system. Low pressure gas and water gathering pipelines to transport gas and water from the wellhead to production facilities. Low pressure pipelines will be generally 100 to 630 millimetre (mm) diameter, high-density polyethylene buried pipelines. Medium pressure pipelines to transport gas from field compression facilities to the larger production facilities. Medium pressure pipelines will be buried and constructed of lightweight, plastic-composite, glass reinforced epoxy or steel. ater transfer lines to transfer water between facilities. Z Production Facilities Gas and water collected in the gathering systems will be transported to production facilities. Production facilities primarily: Receive gas from wells located within reasonable proximity of the facility; Remove any bulk water remaining in the gas through a slug catcher and inlet separators; Compress gas through multiple stages to achieve high pressure gas pipeline pressure; Dehydrate gas to high pressure gas pipeline quality; Meter and control gas flow from the wells and to the high pressure gas pipeline; Provide a control centre for activities in the facility and the associated gas fields; and Flare gas in the event of plant upset conditions or scheduled maintenance. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 20

34 A combination of three types of production facilities will be required: FCF; CGPF; and IPF. Each of which has specific functions as shown in Figure 5. FCF compress the gas and send it on to a CGPF or an IPF. CGPF compress and dehydrate the gas and include a water transfer dam and pumping station to transfer the CSG water to a water treatment and storage facility at an IPF. IPF compress and dehydrate gas and also treat CSG water and store the treated water and the related brine. This type of facility also includes infrastructure to transport treated water and brine. Z ater Storage Dams ater produced from each gas area will be directed, after degassing, to a 600 ML (approximate size) aggregate dam at each IPF. From the aggregate dam, water will be transferred into the pre-treatment stage of the ater treatment facilities. CSG water storage dams are assessed using the Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams (DERM, 2012b). If a dam is assessed as being in the significant or high-hazard category, it will be considered a regulated dam and will need to be registered with the EHP. Detailed dam design reports for regulated dams will be submitted to the EHP following grant of the EA that provides in-principle approvals to construct dams. Z ater Treatment Facilities Reverse osmosis has been selected as the treatment technology for the CSG water. However, Arrow will continue to investigate new and emerging technologies to evaluate their applicability to operations based on economics, energy consumption and brine recovery, as well as the operational and environmental footprint of the associated technology. Each IPF will contain a reverse osmosis water treatment plant with approximately 20 megalitres (ML) per day (ML/d) of water treatment capacity. Z Brine Storage Dams The reverse osmosis treatment of water will produce concentrated brine. Each IPF will contain two 960 ML (approximate size) brine dams (Figure 5). Brine dams are considered regulated dams and will be constructed similarly to CSG water storage dams. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 21

35 10 to 120 TJ/d : 200 m x 100 m Electric motors Electric motors Electric motors Electric motors 60 to 210 TJ/d Up to 60 M Electric motors Electric motors Electric motors Electric motors Up to 58 M This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. 90 to 210 TJ/d Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. Up to 19 M Electric motors BOEN GAS PROJECT GAS AND ATER PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure: 5 File No: g-2102.cdr Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Rev. C A4

36 Z.3.4 Other Infrastructure for the Beneficial Use of CSG ater and Brine Other infrastructure associated with the water treatment and storage facilities may comprise: Interconnection between the water treatment facilities. The linking of facilities will provide additional flexibility to cope with variations or spikes in water production across the development areas. A network of distribution pipelines to transport treated water to end users through direct supply, for make good measures to ensure ongoing water supply to landowners with impaired bore capacity. The network location and its extent will be dependent on the location or locations of the end user market. A selective salt precipitation plant. Arrow is consulting commercial enterprises to investigate viable opportunities for the beneficial use of brine. Infrastructure required to convert brine to salt for beneficial use would include a salt storage area with a concrete apron, process building, bunding and roof. This area is expected to be in the order of 150 by 150 m for each facility, keeping in mind that the facility would require heavy articulated vehicle access and loading facilities. Management of CSG water and brine is further discussed in Section Z.4.8. Z.3.5 Power Generation Facilities Power is required for the extraction, transport and production of CSG and water and incidental activities. Power generation facilities are assumed to be required at both the production wells and the production facilities. These facilities are expected to generate electricity continuously 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, except for scheduled and unscheduled maintenance. A power generation facility will likely comprise a series of high-efficiency CSG-fired reciprocating engines with lean-burn technology to achieve high-efficiency generation (greater than 40%) with reduced emissions (low nitrogen oxide combustion technology). Each engine will be coupled to alternators generating directly at 11 kilovolts (kv). Power generation facilities will be located within or in close proximity to production facilities. An estimated 80 by 150 m footprint will be required to accommodate a power generation facility. These facilities will supply power for gas compression, dehydration and water treatment. The power supply options being investigated for the supply of electrical energy to the Project are as follows: Production facilities: grid connection (at high voltage and/or medium voltage); or infield integrated electrical power generation at compression facilities (multiple gas-fired reciprocating engine units). ellheads: stand-alone generators; or distributed power from production facilities. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 23

37 Key criteria which will be considered for the supply of power will be safety considerations, environmental considerations, land use considerations, availability, reliability and integrity of power supply, economics, operability and maintainability. Z.3.6 Supporting Infrastructure and Logistics The development of the Project will occur over a large and diverse area, which will require supporting infrastructure to construct and operate the various extraction, gathering and production facilities. here existing infrastructure is not in place, additional supporting infrastructure will be constructed to facilitate Project development requirements. The main supporting infrastructure for the Project is expected to include tracks and roads, depots, borrow pits, temporary workforce accommodation facilities, telecommunications facilities and potable water supplies. Z orkforce A significant workforce will be required for the development of the Project, with a peak workforce of approximately 1,760 personnel predicted in orkforce predictions are influenced by the development sequence and may increase or decrease with the rate of development. Arrow prefers to recruit its workforce from the local area. This includes candidates without the necessary industry-specific skills, who show a strong willingness to be trained. Z Accommodation Facilities Accommodation for the construction and operation of the Project is expected to include a combination of construction camps and permanent housing. The construction workforce will primarily be accommodated in self-contained temporary accommodation facilities that contain a canteen, fitness facility, laundry, vehicle parking, fuel handling and storage area, and a camp waste management and storage area including ablution facilities. These accommodation facilities would typically occupy an area located in the vicinity of an IPF. Small mobile camps to house well drilling staff may also be required in a location central to the drilling activities. These camps would contain a small canteen, vehicle parking areas and waste management and storage areas including ablution facilities. Operations staff are expected to be accommodated in permanent housing in or near towns within the Project area, as well as at camp locations where required. Z Borrow Pits The Project construction and operations activities will require foundation aggregate for construction of camps, roads and production facilities. here approved by the relevant government agency, existing quarries and borrow pits will be used for rock, gravel, sand and soil. If unavailable, alternative sources of quarry and borrow pit materials will be sought from more remote sources or through the identification and development of new borrow pits. Proximity to production facilities will be a key factor in investigating alternative borrow pit sites. Borrow pit site selection will primarily be informed by Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 24

38 quality of material, access to resource, environmental and social constraints and consultation with landowners and relevant government agencies. Z Potable ater Potable water is required during construction and operational activities. Potable water reticulation will be supplied from on-site water tanks, collecting rainwater runoff from the control room roof. Additional water can be imported via tanker if required. The expected volume of potable water consumed during construction and operations will be approximately 7 ML per annum and 12 ML per annum, respectively. Z Depots The depots will accommodate: Administration; Engineering and production; Supervisory support; Occupational health and safety management; Stores; orkshops; Laboratories; and Associated personnel. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 25

39 Z.4 Environmental Values, Impacts and Management Actions This chapter identifies the existing environment and environmental values in the Project area and describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts that are associated with Project activities. Unique commitment numbers have been assigned to each of the environmental protection commitments identified in the below sections. These commitment numbers are also referenced in the Project EIS. Z.4.1 Air Quality This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts on air quality associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The Project is located in the Bowen Basin, which underlies the Duaringa and Surat Basin and extends across an area of approximately 8,000 km 2. The terrain in the region is gently sloping with the Connors Range to the east and the Denham Range to the west. The area is predominantly used for grazing and agricultural land, black coal mining, metals processing, oil and gas development and forestry. Sensitive places within the Project area, including schools and dwellings, as determined from a desktop assessment, are shown in Figure 6. Table 4 provides the existing maximum ground-level concentrations of key pollutants within the Project area along with health-based Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 2008 (EPP (Air)) objectives. Table 4 Pollutant Background Concentrations Based on Monitoring Results Pollutant Averaging Period EPP(Air) Objective (µg/m 3 ) Monitored Concentration (µg/m 3 ) PM hour PM 24-hour Annual 8 6 CO 8-hour 11, hour SO 2 24-hour Annual 57 3 As can be seen, the existing ground-level concentrations of key pollutants within the Project area are below the EPP (Air) objectives. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 26

40 E C -21 U BR H Y ATPA742 GLENDEN ATPA749 ATP1103 ATP1103 K DO NS H DO NEBO ATP759 D ATP1031 DYSART ATP1031 MIDDLEMOUNT ATP1103 Y CLERMONT TIERI E GR H RY GO Y EMERALD ORY H Y CAPRICORN HY GREG This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. -22 Y LR TA Y O R MEN P EG GR VELO DE A PE AK Y H H CE -22 MORANBAH PE NS U BR MACKAY ATP1025 BLACKATER 148 / km 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Sensitive Receptor Point Location Sensitive Receptor Built Up Area 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. SENSITIVE RECEPTOR LOCATIONS BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2103.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev.B 6 A4

41 Schedule 1 of the EPP (Air) specifies the air quality objectives that are designed to protect the environmental values of: Health and wellbeing; Aesthetic environment; Health and biodiversity of ecosystems; and Agriculture. Z Potential Impacts Potential Regional Impacts To evaluate the Project regional impacts on the photochemically reactive compounds, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) and Ozone (O 3 ), two scenarios were modelled. These scenarios consider the emissions associated with power generation at each gas processing facility (IPF, FCF and CGPF) and at wellheads. Scenario 1 considers the emissions at year 2023, two years subsequent to the Project reaching it full production capacity. At year 2023, it is expected that seven production facilities will be operational across the production areas. This scenario also assumes 1,699 wellhead engines to be operating at full capacity continuously for the year. Scenario 2 assumes that all the proposed 17 production facilities are operating simultaneously at maximum capacity. Given that field development will be undertaken in stages, this scenario is highly conservative and considers worst-case emissions from Project operations. This scenario also assumes 1,980 wellhead engines to be operating at full capacity continuously. Project regional impacts on the ground level concentrations of NO 2 and O 3 were modelled for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2 at each grid point of the modelling domain. A comparison of the maximum and averaged concentrations across the study area with the EPP (Air) health and well-being based objectives are presented in Table 5 and Table 6 for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, respectively. Table 5 Predicted Concentrations for Regional Scale Scenario 1 (Year 2023) Pollutant Air EPP Objective (µg/m 3 ) Averaging Period Scenario 1 (2023) Maximum Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Scenario 1 (2023) Average Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NO 2 O hour Annual hour hour Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 28

42 Table 6 Predicted Concentrations for Regional Scale Scenario 2 (worst case) Pollutant Air EPP Objective (µg/m 3 ) Averaging Period Scenario 2 (worst case) Maximum Concentration (µg/m 3 ) Scenario 2 (worst case) Average Concentration (µg/m 3 ) NO 2 O hour Annual hour hour In general, Project operations were predicted to increase ground level concentrations of NO 2 and O 3 in the region. Scenario 2, where all the Project facilities emissions are considered, has greater impacts than Scenario 1, which considers the emissions for the 2023 operational year. The highest ground level concentrations of NO 2 were predicted for the areas surrounding Blackwater, Saraji, Peak Downs and Goonyella Riverside Mines. No EPP (Air) objective was predicted to be exceeded in the study area. Potential Localised Impacts The Project has the potential to adversely impact local air quality through emissions released from the following sources: Flaring: gas field ramp-up; and upset conditions during operations; Power generation: facility power generation; and wellhead power generation. To assess the potential impacts on local air quality, an atmospheric dispersion modelling exercise was undertaken using Ausplume. The pollutants considered in the assessment of near-field impacts were: NO 2 ; Particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5, Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)); Carbon monoxide (CO); Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs); Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ); and Odour. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 29

43 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) ith respect to flaring emissions, the maximum predicted ground level NO 2 concentrations are predicted to be below the 1-hour NO 2 objective for all modelled meteorological subregions. ith respect to power generation, exceedences of the 1-hour NO 2 objective are predicted up to a distance of 1 km (IPF) and 1.2 km (CGPF), respectively. Exceedences for the IPF and CGPF within these distances were predicted for all subregions. There are no predicted exceedences relating to emissions from the FCF and wellhead power generation sources. Particulate matter (PM 10, PM 2.5, TSP) ith respect to flaring emissions, all relevant air quality objectives are not predicted to be exceeded at any location. ith respect to power generation from the CGPF, all relevant air quality objectives are not predicted to be exceeded at any location. Carbon Monoxide The 8-hour average air quality objective for CO is not predicted to be exceeded at any location, as a result of flaring emissions. Volatile Organic Compounds All relevant air quality objectives are not predicted to be exceeded at any location, with respect to VOC emissions from the proposed CGPF. Sulfur Dioxide There are no significant sources of SO 2 in relation to the Project, from either flaring and fugitive leaks or power generation. Furthermore, there are no existing issue with respect to ambient SO 2 concentrations within the Project region. As such, there are no adverse impacts expected in terms of SO 2 from the proposed Project. Odour There is the potential for traces of hydrogen sulfide to be present within gas flaring emissions and fugitive gas emissions. Given that flaring will be an intermittent activity, it is not anticipated that these events to create a nuisance issue (see Greenhouse Gas Emissions chapter (Section 10) and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report (Appendix I) of the EIS). Potential Cumulative Impacts In the assessment of Project impacts on a regional scale, emissions from non-project related sources (64 existing and approved industries in the area) were incorporated into the modelling to provide an estimate of cumulative impacts. As the final locations of the gas processing facilities and power generation units co-located with them are yet to be confirmed, random locations for these facilities were selected for the modelling purposes. No EPP (Air) objective was predicted to be exceeded. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 30

44 It is important to note that there is a potential for clustering of the Project processing infrastructure in the areas with the highest resource density. Additionally, there is a potential for the Project facilities to be located within close proximity to the existing industrial emission sources in the area. Under certain meteorological conditions this might result in higher cumulative impacts than predicted in this assessment. However, given the large area associated with the Project infrastructure, the processing facilities are likely to be situated at least 5 to 10 km apart (or from the existing industries), which is likely to result in only a small increase in ground-level concentrations of NOx and O 3. Further assessment of cumulative impacts from all emission sources in the local airshed is recommended once potential Project facility and well locations have been identified, especially in the case of possible clustering and the suitability of these locations. Greenhouse Gases Project emissions quantified in the Inventory were spilt between direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions. Other indirect (non-project) emissions not covered in Scope 2 belong to an optional reporting category of Scope 3 emissions. Two scenarios were considered in this assessment based on the power supply solutions for the Project: Base case (infield power generation utilising CSG); and orst case (infield CSG power generation plus 100% power requirements of wellheads supplied from the electricity grid). GHG emissions were estimated in the Inventory on an annual basis for three distinct phases in the Project lifecycle: Ramp-up ( ); Operation ( ); and Ramp-down ( ). Table 7 summarises the estimated GHG emissions that will be generated during each phase and Scope 3 emissions over the life of the Project. Table 7 Project Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Scope Type Scope Ramp up Period (t-co2-e) Operational Period (t-co2-e) Ramp Down Period (t-co2-e) Project (direct) 1 8,817,223 51,335,961 7,497,589 Project (indirect) 2 978,432 13,366, ,606 Total 9,795,655 64,701,980 8,374,196 Non-Project (indirect) 3 43,807, ,651,846 26,021,718 Note: t-co 2 -e tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 31

45 hen compared with Australia s 2010 emissions, Project emissions for 2046 are equivalent to 0.4% of Australia s total emissions and 0.5% of Australia's emissions from the energy sector. The peak year emissions represent approximately 1.3% of the total GHG emissions for Queensland (2010) and approximately 2.1% of the emissions from the Queensland Energy sector for the same year. The aggregate Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions from the Project associated with the worst case year (2046) appear to be insignificant and represent approximately 0.007% of the global 2009 fossil fuel consumption emissions. It should be noted that the Project emissions used in the analysis are conservative as they are based on the results for a year with the highest emissions and represent a worst case scenario. The Project emissions are likely to be lower than predicted in this assessment. Implementing abatement measures could also reduce direct GHG emissions from the Project. Therefore the potential impacts from the Project on climate change can be expected to be negligible. Z Specific Management A management hierarchy of avoid, minimise and manage impacts was applied when assessing air quality management options. The primary mitigation measure to avoid impacts to air quality will be the exploration of opportunities to maximise the distance of Project development sites from the nearest sensitive receptors. Large separation distances are made possible due to the typically low population density within the Project area. Once locations are finalised, equipment selection and design during detailed engineering will include consideration of air quality objectives. Management measures for air quality across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 8. Table 8 Management Measures for Air Quality across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Decline in air quality through fuel combustion, fugitive emissions and dust generation from Project activities; and Contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental objectives To construct and operate in a manner that minimises impacts on ambient air quality. Ensure relevant air quality guidelines are met at sensitive receptors to maintain human and environmental health [B002]; and To minimise greenhouse gas emissions generated by Project activities throughout the life of the Project. Performance criteria Compliance with Project air quality objectives at sensitive receptors; Compliance with relevant greenhouse gas programs; and Complaints are recorded, managed and responded to. Common implementation strategy for all Conduct site-specific air quality modelling once site locations are known to ensure Project-related air emissions meet EPP (Air) objectives at the nearest sensitive receptor [B003]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 32

46 phases Select equipment with consideration for low emissions to air (NOx, SOx), high energy efficiency and fuel efficiency [B004]. Design facilities to meet relevant EPP (Air) objectives at sensitive receptors [B005]. Minimise fuel consumption of vehicles by optimising transport logistics [B006]. Select gaskets, seals and vehicle exhaust systems that are suitable for the task [B007]. Arrow will develop a greenhouse gas management plan that will take into account both biodiversity and economic values of carbon [B008]. Consider energy efficiency programs both locally and across the company that contribute to greenhouse gas emission reductions [B009]. Arrow will participate actively in any government-approved emissions trading scheme [B010]. Consider supporting gas industry initiatives that seek to improve technology or processes, such as contributions to or sponsorship of research and development [B011]. Consider supporting through corporate community involvement programs the development of energy efficiency initiatives in the areas where Arrow operates [B012]. Implementation strategy for planning and design Implementation strategy for construction Implementation strategy for Ensure all engines, machinery equipment and pollution control mechanisms are operated and maintained in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations [B013]; Implement dust suppression measures for roads and construction sites to ensure that dust does not cause a nuisance [B014]; Cover dust-generating materials prior to transportation [B015]; Consult with potentially affected landowners prior to undertaking activities [B016]; and Minimise the disturbance footprint and vegetation clearing [B017]. The land cleared for construction purposes will be kept to the minimum necessary, especially during the drier months of the year [B018]; The number and sizes of stockpiles should be kept to minimum [B019]; Dust suppression shall be undertaken during construction and clearing activities, particularly during high wind conditions. Haul roads and other unsealed areas may be watered to suppress dust [B020]; The cleared areas and stockpiles will be progressively rehabilitated through revegetation and/or mulching [B021]; Prevent venting and flaring of gas as far as practicable and where safe to do so, in accordance with the P&G Act [B022]; and Ensure that odour emissions are considered during design to prevent nuisance or harm to sensitive receptors [B023]. Implementation of a preventative maintenance program to ensure gas engines are operating efficiently to minimise emissions of incomplete combustion products Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 33

47 operations Implementation strategy for decommissioning CO and hydrocarbons (primarily methane, with minor VOC emissions) [B024]; Minimise potential fugitive emissions from construction and operation of production wells and gas production infrastructure. [B025]; Use of low NO x equipment, where practical [B026]; Prevent venting and flaring of gas as far as practicable, and where safe to do so, in accordance with the P&G Act [B027]; Minimisation of emissions from gas dehydration [B028]; Optimisation of gas driven generator operations to minimise time periods of operation at low efficiency levels that may result in excess greenhouse gas emissions and higher than normal levels of NO x emissions [B029]; Implementation of a quantifiable monitoring and measuring program [B030]; Ensure that odour emissions are considered during design to prevent nuisance or harm to sensitive receptors [B023]. Use of efficient gas and water separation methods on wellheads, gathering and process facilities to minimise fugitive gas release [B031]; and Commitment to clear areas progressively. Implement rehabilitation as soon as practicable following construction activities [B032]. Clear areas progressively and implement rehabilitation as soon as practicable following construction and decommissioning activities [B033]. During the decommissioning phase, minimise greenhouse gas emissions by optimising transport logistics and minimising the footprint of disturbance [B034]. Inspection and monitoring Auditing Assess the energy-efficiency opportunities and estimate greenhouse gas emissions associated with the Project in accordance with regulatory requirements. Calculate annual greenhouse gas emissions as required under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cwlth) (NGER Act) and Energy Efficiency Opportunities program, as well as future carbon price mechanisms [B035]. Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Section Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2.6 of this EM Plan. The method of measurement and reporting of air emissions will comply with the relevant sections of the DERM Air Quality Sampling Manual [B036]. Annual greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption / production from the Project will be reported as required under the NGER Act and Energy Efficiency Opportunities program, as well as future carbon price mechanisms [B037]. Corrective action Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 34

48 In addition to the above, constraints may be applied to the site selection of the power generation facilities, based on the modelled minimum separation distance to sensitive receptors. For both the IPF and CGPF, air quality modelling indicated that a distance of between 1,100 and 1,400 m is required between the stack and sensitive receptor, dependent on the subregion, to achieve the respective hourly NO 2 objective for human health. However, no minimum separation distance is required for the FCF and wellhead facilities, as there were no predicted exceedences of the objective. No exceedences of the respective air quality objectives were predicted for particulate matter (TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), CO, VOCs or SO 2. Z.4.2 Geology, Landform and Soils This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts on air quality associated with Project activities affecting geology, landform and soil. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Geology Due to the large Project area footprint, the surface geology in the Project area is diverse (Figure 7). Portions of the Project area are covered by Quaternary unconsolidated alluvium. This includes the Isaac River alluvial sediments with thicknesses of about 10 to 50 m along the Isaac River. The characteristics of the superficial Quaternary deposits (alluvium) reflect the nature of the parent rocks, weathering, transport, and depositional conditions. Poorly sorted clay, silt, sand and gravel represents floodplain alluvium: locally mottled, poorly consolidated sand, silt, clay and minor gravel, generally dissected by high-level alluvial deposits that reflect present stream valleys. These two types of alluvium make up a large majority of the surface geology across the Project area. Large portions of the Bowen Basin are covered by Tertiary sediments; thick lateritic clay-rich cover resulting from laterisation of Permian units during the Tertiary or Tertiary age infill, including palaeochannel deposits and basalt flows. The major Tertiary formations include the Duaringa, Emerald, Suttor and Anakie. Outcrops of consolidated formations are confined mainly to the northern portion of the Project area. The consolidated formations represented in surface outcrops include: the Late Permian Blackwater Group (Fort Cooper Coal Measures, Moranbah Coal Measures and Rangal Coal Measures) in the northernmost and north-eastern portion of the Project area; the mid-triassic Moolayember Formation and Clematis Sandstone in the north-central portion of the Project area; and the Early Triassic Rewan Formation in the northern portion of the Project area. Regionally, the stratigraphic sequence is summarised as follows: the Permo-Triassic sediments of the Bowen Basin are overlain by a veneer of unconsolidated Quaternary alluvium and colluvium, poorly consolidated Tertiary sediments of the Tertiary Suttor Formation and, in places, remnants of Tertiary basalt flows. The surface geology of the sedimentary succession is depicted in Figure 7 and outlined in Table 9. The Late Permian Blackwater Group comprises (from oldest to youngest) the Moranbah Coal Measures, Fort Cooper Coal Measures and Rangal Coal Measures. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 35

49 Table 9 Regional Stratigraphy Age Stratigraphic Unit Lithology Thickness (m) Occurrence Quaternary Alluvium: clay, silts, sand, gravel, colluvium and other sediments Confined to present day stream alignments, floodplains, alluvial fans, high terraces and paleochannels Tertiary Suttor Formation Clay, silt, sand, gravel, colluvium, fluvial and lacustrine deposits including cross-bedded quartz sandstone, conglomerate, claystone Most extensive in the mine areas and to the east Basalt Olivine-rich weathered basalt remnants, moderately weathered and fresh basalts 0-80 Isolated outcrops, inferred dykes, and flow remnants in the northern tenements Duaringa Formation Mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, some oil shale, lignite and basalt 0-50 Central and southern tenements Triassic Moolayember Formation Mudstone, lithic sandstone, interbedded siltstone, mudstone, sandstone and thin coal seams Isolated outcrop in the north Clematis Sandstone Quartz sandstone, some quartz conglomerate, minor reddish brown mudstone Isolated outcrop in the north Rewan Formation Green lithic sandstone, red and green mudstone, siltstone, pebble conglomerate Underlies majority of Project area, thin in the centre, increasing in thickness as progrades east and west; Outcrops in the north, small, isolated outcrops in the centre of the Project area north of Middlemount Late Permian Rangal Coal Measures and equivalents Coal seams, carbonaceous shale and mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, tuff and mudstone Underlies Project area; Outcrops or subcrops in the majority of the Project area Fort Cooper Coal Measures and equivalents Coal, brown and green sandstone, mudstone, siltstone, conglomerate, carbonaceous shale, tuff Underlies Project area; Outcrops or subcrops in the majority of the Project area Moranbah Coal Measures Coal, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone carbonaceous mudstone Underlies Project area; Outcrops or subcrops in the majority of the Project area Middle Permian Back Creek Group Marine sandstone, siltstone, shale, minor coal, carbonaceous shale 400-1,200 Underlies Project area; outcrops west of mines and extends under mined areas to the east Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 36

50 MACKAY B S - ENE GLENDEN NEBO -22 C S - ENE MORANBAH -22 D S - ENE DYSART A NN - SSE Late Tertiary & Quaternary CLERMONT - alluvium, colluvium and unconsolidated sediments Late Permian & Early Triassic - granitoid MIDDLEMOUNT Late Permian - sedimentary rocks and coal measures -23 Late Permian arenite mudrock and coal measures Late Permian & Early Cretaceous - felsites Late Permian - gabroid TIERI -23 Permian (Back Creek Group) Tertiary - basalt and felsites Tertiary & Quaternary - poorly consolidated sediments Tertiary & Quaternary - carbonates Middle Triassic (Moolayember Formation) - arenite-mudrock Triassic (Clematis Group) Triassic (Moolayember Formation) Tertiary (Suttor Formation) Tertiary - ferricrete and silcrete Tertiary - rudite EMERALD E S - ENE BLACKATER Late Tertiary & Quaternary - ferricrete Early Tertiary (Duaringa Formation) - sedimentary and mudrock Early Triassic (Rewan Group) Cretaceous - granitoid Other This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. 148 / km Bowen Gas Project Tenements 1:1,500,000 Cross Section Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 149 BOEN GAS PROJECT SURFICIAL GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT AREA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2105.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 7 A4

51 Soils Land systems are defined as being an area or group of areas with a recurring pattern of topography, soils and vegetation that can be recognised. Such land systems identified are further sub-divided into Land Units based on increased detailed of recurring features such as topography and soils. ithin the Project area there are 26 established land systems comprising 140 major land units and 28 dominant soil types (Table 10). Table 10 Land Systems and Land Units Land System 1 Area (ha) Percent of Study Area Land Unit Number Land Unit Code Representative Soil Types (ASC) 2 Barwon B1 Vertosol 2 B2 Chromosol 3 B3 Chromosol 4 B4 Unknown Bedourie BE1 Dermosol 2 BE2 Vertosol 3 BE3 Rudosol Black Alley BA1 Rudosol 2 BA2 Rudosol Blackwater 49, BL1 Vertosol 2 BL2 Vertosol 3 BL3 Sodosol 4 BL4 Vertosol 5 BL5 Sodosol 6 BL6 Sodosol Carborough 19, CA1 Rudosol 2 CA2 Rudosol 3 CA3 Sodosol 4 CA4 Sodosol Comet 16, CT1 Vertosol 2 CT2 Sodosol 3 CT3 Sodosol 4 CT4 Tenosol 5 CT5 Vertosol 6 CT6 Unknown Connors 40, CO1 Chromosol 2 CO2 Sodosol Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 38

52 Land System 1 Area (ha) Percent of Study Area Land Unit Number Land Unit Code Representative Soil Types (ASC) 2 3 CO3 Tenosol 4 CO4 Chromosol 5 CO5 Vertosol 6 CO6 Vertosol 7 CO7 Sodosol Cotherstone 29, CS1 Rudosol 2 CS2 Kurosol 3 CS3 Kurosol 4 CS4 Kandosol 5 CS5 Chromosol / Tenosol 6 CS6 Dermosol / Chromosol Daunia 37, DA1 Vertosol 2 DA2 Vertosol 3 DA3 Vertosol 4 DA4 Sodosol 5 DA5 Sodosol 6 DA6 Vertosol Durrandella 16, DU1 Rudosol 2 DU2 Rudosol 3 DU3 Kandosol 4 DU4 Sodosol 5 DU5 Sodosol 6 DU6 Unknown Funnel 8, FU1 Vertosol 2 FU2 Vertosol 3 FU3 Sodosol 4 FU4 Sodosol 5 FU5 Alluvial Girrah 34, GI1 Vertosol 2 GI2 Vertosol 3 GI3 Sodosol 4 GI4 Sodosol 5 GI5 Unknown Highworth 3, H1 Vertosol Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 39

53 Land System 1 Area (ha) Percent of Study Area Land Unit Number Land Unit Code Representative Soil Types (ASC) 2 2 H2 Sodosol 3 H3 Vertosol 4 H4 Vertosol 5 H5 Vertosol 6 H6 Sodosol 7 H7 Sodosol 8 H8 Sodosol 9 H9 Sodosol 10 H10 Unknown Hillalong 34, HI1 Sodosol 2 HI2 Vertosol 3 HI3 Vertosol 4 HI4 Unknown Hope HO1 Chromosol / Kurosol / Sodosol 2 HO2 Chromosol / Kurosol / Sodosol 3 HO3 Chromosol / Kurosol / Sodosol 4 HO4 Unknown Humbolt 145, HU1 Sodosol 2 HU2 Vertosol 3 HU3 Vertosol 4 HU4 Sodosol 5 HU5 Sodosol 6 HU6 Kandosol Junee 30, JU1 Sodosol 2 JU2 Kandosol 3 JU3 Sodosol 4 JU4 Rudosol / Tenosol 5 JU5 Sodosol Kinsale 27, KI1 Dermosol / Vertosol 2 KI2 Dermosol / Vertosol 3 KI3 Dermosol / Vertosol 4 KI4 Vertosol Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 40

54 Land System 1 Area (ha) Percent of Study Area Land Unit Number Land Unit Code Representative Soil Types (ASC) 2 5 KI5 Dermosol / Vertosol 6 KI6 Unknown Lennox 14, LE1 Kandosol 2 LE2 Kandosol 3 LE3 Chromosol / Kurosol / Sodosol 4 LE4 Kandosol 5 LE5 Chromosol / Kurosol / Sodosol Monteagle 127, MO1 Sodosol 2 MO2 Kurosol 3 MO3 Sodosol 4 MO4 Vertosol 5 MO5 Kandosol 6 MO6 Sodosol Nebo 4, NE1 Vertosol 2 NE2 Vertosol 3 NE3 Sodosol Oxford 25, O1 Vertosol 2 O2 Vertosol 3 O3 Vertosol 4 O4 Vertosol Percy 4, PE1 Rudosol / Tenosol 2 PE2 Rudosol / Tenosol 3 PE3 Rudosol / Tenosol Planet 4, PL1 Rudosol 2 PL2 Kandosol 3 PL3 Kandosol 4 PL4 Sodosol Somerby 28, SO1 Vertosol 2 SO2 Sodosol 3 SO3 Sodosol 4 SO4 Sodosol 5 SO5 Sodosol 6 SO6 Vertosol Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 41

55 Land System 1 Area (ha) Percent of Study Area Land Unit Number Land Unit Code Representative Soil Types (ASC) 2 Thomby 2, T1 Vertosol 2 T2 Sodosol 3 T3 Vertosol 4 T4 Sodosol 5 T5 Sodosol 6 T6 Sodosol 7 T7 Kandosol 8 T8 Vertosol 9 T9 Sodosol 10 T10 Sodosol 11 T11 Sodosol / Chromosol Unknown 58, Unknown Unknown Unknown Total 767, Note: 1. Land Systems Table is based on summarised information from Story et al. (1967) and Gunn et al. (1967). 2. These are soil types based on the Australian Soil Classification (ASC) that are normally encountered in each Land Unit Code (LUC). It should be noted however, ASC s discussed in each LUC serve as a guide and may differ from actual field observations as well as from previous mapping information depending on scale. Unknown soil type indicates that a representative soil type has not yet been nominated for that particular LUC in either reference studies. Soil units encountered in the study area cover a range of Land Suitability classes. Some soil units are suited to rainfed broad-acre cropping activities. Other soil units that are not suited to rainfed broadacre cropping have been assessed for pastoral suitability. Some soil units encountered in the study area are considered suitable for beef cattle grazing activities. Moderate to severe limitations for these soil units are present with moisture being the dominant limitation. The soil units encountered in the sampling sites within the study area are considered suitable for a range of agricultural enterprises. Agricultural Land Classes (ALCs) range from Class A through to Class C3. Class A and B indicates that crop activities may be able to be undertaken and Class C that grazing activities are suitable. The Project area has been assessed by EHP (2012) and is largely covered by Class C1 and Class C2 Land. Approximately 51.74% of the study area is currently considered Good Quality Agricultural Land (GQAL) based on existing maps. Around 41.75% of the study area is currently considered to be non- GQAL and this includes ALC C2 and C3. Approximately 6.51% of the study area has been classified as unknown as information was insufficient for ALC assessment or classification. A preliminary assessment of the potential for the Project to impact upon SCL was undertaken using the Protecting Queensland s strategic cropping land (SCL): A policy framework (DERM, 2011b), as guidance. Consultation with EHP published SCL Draft Trigger Maps indicates that potential SCL areas Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 42

56 occur within the study area. A total of eight assessed sites were deemed to be an indication of potential SCL, while there were 17 sites that indicated the SCL criteria could not be met. Land Contamination Land can be contaminated through a range of historical and current land uses and activities. As such, a schedule of 38 Notifiable Activities is detailed within the EP Act. Potentially contaminating activities identified through the desktop review include activities mostly associated with agriculture and industrial land uses including homestead complexes, stockyard complexes, farming infrastructure, industrial areas, equipment laydown areas, landfill, mining and tailings activities. There is the possibility that unidentified or unrecorded Notifiable Activities or other activities with the potential to cause contamination may have previously occurred within the Project area. Activities that may contribute to land contamination include: Domestic landfills / waste areas / animal disposal areas / burn pits; Spillage / storage of chemicals / fuels / lubricants; and Agricultural use of pesticides / chemicals (e.g. cattle and sheep dips). It is possible, that as the Project area is developed, that areas of unidentified contamination may be encountered. Existing environmental values have been identified that should be protected and will inform siting decisions on a local scale as the Project develops. In addition they dictate the appropriate application of mitigation and management controls. These are shown in Table 11. Table 11 Existing Contaminated Land Environmental Values Existing Environmental Value Value Sensitivity Parks, reserves, conservation areas Areas with minimal areas of modification/development Areas with moderate areas of modification/development Industrial areas or areas highly modified Greenfield areas where there is a limitation to development Greenfield areas free from potentially contaminating activities Land that has been developed and may have supported potentially contaminating activities Sites already recorded on the Contaminated Land Register / Environmental Management Register or where known potentially contaminating activities have occurred High Moderate Moderate Low Generally within the Project area, the vast majority of land will not have been subject to potentially contaminating activities and are accordingly greenfield sites. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 43

57 Greenfield areas have a higher relative environmental value, and as such, should be protected from: Disturbance of existing contaminated land; and Contamination through Project activities including petroleum / chemical storage. Due to the rural nature of the Project area, it is anticipated that the Project will encounter potentially contaminated sites that may or may not be listed on the Environmental Management Register (EMR) or Contaminated Land Register (CLR). In instances where the land parcel in question is in fact listed on the EMR / CLR, the actual development area may not be impacted. Alternatively, the land parcel may not be listed on the EMR or CLR; however uncontrolled / unregistered contamination may be encountered. The management strategy has been developed with these uncertainties in mind. Due to the largely rural nature of the Project area several environmental values may extend across the one land parcel. Alternatively, a Notifiable Activity (e.g. livestock yard) may be recorded on the land parcel, yet only a small portion of the land may be affected. The proposed development of Project infrastructure is considered a predominantly industrial activity and therefore may proceed on land with low to moderate environmental sensitivity. Z Potential Impacts Geology Based on the compilation and review of available geology data and CSG activities, an impact assessment has been conducted. The evaluation of available geological information indicates the potential for environmental impacts associated with the Project include: Induced seismicity (ground stability) resulting from the following Project activities: drilling; geophysical (seismic) surveys; hydraulic stimulation; and CSG depressurisation; Land subsidence due to coal seam depressurisation and dewatering; Coal formation subsidence from dewatering; and CSG migration as a result of improper production well installation or from improper cementing techniques. Soils Potential impacts to soil values from Project activities include land degradation; erosion and associated sedimentation, dust generation and reduction in soil quality. Activities or events with the potential to cause these impacts during the Project include: Increased erosion resulting from ground disturbance, vegetation clearance, alteration of natural drainage and flow concentration due to construction activities that disturb the ground. Deposition of eroded material downslope or downstream. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 44

58 Soil compaction from spoil placement or access tracks and laydown areas, potentially affecting long-term cropping and grazing productivity. Alterations to topography from soil and rock borrow pits. Increased soil waterlogging as a result of differential settlement of pipeline backfill and padding. Reprofiling of microrelief leading to patchy exposure of sodic and saline subsoils from inversion of the soil profile during backfill of materials during rehabilitation. Imported materials for rehabilitation purposes, particularly in areas of GQAL, affecting agriculture production. Land Contamination Potential impacts include: Disturbance of existing contaminated land; and Potential to cause land contamination through Project activities. Activities with the potential to cause these impacts during the Project include: Siting of Project infrastructure on contaminated land; Disturbance of contaminated soil / groundwater through drilling of wells, installation of utilities, or construction works; Transport / movement of contaminated soil / groundwater following disturbance by Project activities; Leaks or spills from fuel / chemical storage or handling; Leaks or spills from waste storage areas; and Potential overflow from brine dams. Activities with the potential to cause these impacts during the operations phase of the Project include: Leaks or spills from fuel storage and handling or overflow from brine dams leading to soil contamination. Transport to the surface of groundwater that has become contaminated through notifiable or uncontrolled activities (creating an exposure pathway that would otherwise not exist). Leaks and spills from or of: onsite fuel storage tanks; onsite chemical storage facilities; lubricants and chemicals from the operation of gas compression and associated equipment; chemicals from the operation of CSG water treatment facilities; and brine generated as a by-product of the treatment of CSG water. Z Specific Management Management measures for geology, landform and soils across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 12. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 45

59 Table 12 Management Measures for Geology, Landform and Soils across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Geology: induced seismicity (ground stability); land subsidence due to coal seam depressurisation and dewatering; coal formation subsidence from dewatering; and CSG migration; Land degradation: erosion and associated sedimentation; dust generation; and reduction in soil quality; Land contamination: disturbance of existing contaminated land; and potential to cause land contamination through Project activities; Environmental objectives Performance criteria Disturbance or accidental damage of recognised fossil sites. To maintain or restore soils and stabilise landforms to support the intended land use; Maintain or restore the land to its pre disturbance land suitability class; To minimise alteration of drainage systems (natural and man-made); To implement erosion and sediment control techniques to minimise Project impacts; To avoid or minimise the disturbance of contaminated land; and To avoid the contamination of land or watercourses as a result of Project activities (from construction to decommissioning). Soil structure and landform conducive to natural revegetation and intended land use; Recovery or rehabilitation of all spilled contaminants; and Recovery, rehabilitation or management of existing contaminated land where land is required for the Project. Common implementation strategy for all phases Geology: Minimise the potential for induced seismicity as an indirect result of CSG-related activities (e.g. hydraulic stimulation) in consideration of site layout in regards to geological structural features and faults, on a CSG well field bore basis [B038]. CSG structures and associated in-field gas / water pipeline facilities will be designed and constructed in accordance with AS [B039]. Land Degradation: Stripped and salvaged soil will be re-used within a short period of time in areas where rehabilitation immediately follows installation of low key infrastructures [B040]; Appropriately stockpile of topsoil and associated vegetation for rehabilitation prior to excavation or earthworks [B042]; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 46

60 Reduce flow concentration and gully creation by minimising disruption to natural overland flow paths through the re-establishment of natural surface drainage lines [B043]; Ensure sub-surface infrastructure does not impact on surface features or processes [B044]; Prevent subsurface water flows and erosion [B045]; Minimise land disturbance with the smallest practical area of land being disturbed in the shortest practicable time [B047]; Drainage and sediment control measures will be installed prior to any clearing activities; Clearing may occur for the purpose of installing these measures, in which case, only the minimum clearing required to install such measures shall occur [B048]; Establish clear delineation of boundary limits of works prior to commencement of clearing and soil stripping [B049]; Planning of all operations to ensure minimal damage on any vegetation, cropping or pasture areas outside the limits to be cleared [B050]; Strip soil according to designated profile depths, subject to further field investigations during stripping [B051]; here practicable, replace stripped material directly onto area to be rehabilitated and spread immediately (if rehabilitation sequences and weather conditions permit) to avoid the requirement for stockpiling [B052]; Separation of soil into windrows for later collection or re-spreading to minimise compression effects of heavy equipment [B053]; Soil transported by dump trucks may be placed directly into storage. Soil transported by scrapers is best pushed to form stockpiles by other equipment (e.g. dozer) to avoid tracking over previously laid soil to minimise compaction [B054]; Surface of soil stockpiles should be left in as coarsely structured a condition as possible to promote infiltration and minimise erosion until vegetation is established or suitable erosion controls have been applied, and to prevent anaerobic zones from forming [B055]; A maximum stockpile height for topsoil of 2 m is maintained as a general rule. Clay soils should be stored in lower stockpiles for shorter periods of time compared to coarser textured sandy soils [B056]; For long-term stockpiling, seed and fertilise stockpiles as soon as possible [B057]; Subsoil and topdressing will be spread to depths dependent on target land suitability [B058]; Suitable topsoil should be re-spread directly onto rehabilitation areas where practicable. Topsoil should be spread, ameliorated (if required), treated with fertiliser and seeded in one consecutive operation to reduce topsoil loss potential to wind and water erosion. here possible, soil ameliorants will be applied prior to topsoil stripping to ensure adequate mixing [B059]; Minimise vegetation clearing and land disturbance [B060]; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 47

61 Stage clearing activities where possible and limit activity in cleared areas, which reduces the time the areas are exposed [B061]; Stabilise topsoil stockpiles as soon as practical. Develop and implement management strategies through an EM Plan and Erosion and Sediment Control Plan in line with all statutory legislation and regulations, Arrow Energy policies, procedures / management plans, and industry standards [B062]; Pipeline construction to be conducted in a manner that limits the duration of exposure of soils. Stripped and salvaged soil will be re-used within a short period of time (i.e. 28 days) in areas where rehabilitation immediately follows the installation of pipelines [B063]; Develop rehabilitation plans addressing ground preparation requirements, natural and constructed drainage patterns, soil erodibility, contamination, slope steepness and length, vegetation cover, land use and landowner requirements [B064]; Development of landform management strategy identifying key areas to re-establish pre-development landform at decommissioning, with landform design provision for disturbed areas where infrastructure may be required for retention. here predevelopment landform is not practical, provide alternative landform design [B041]; Areas of differential settlement associated with buried infrastructure that interrupt the pre-existing surface water flow within intensively cultivated areas will be remedied as near as possible to pre-development landform [B065]; Appropriately stockpile topsoil and associated vegetation separately for rehabilitation prior to excavation or earthworks; Erosion and Sediment Control Plans will be developed and maintained in accordance with the International Erosion Control Association (IECA) (2008) Best Practice Erosion and Sediment Control guidelines. All proposed erosion and sediment control measures will be implemented in advance of, or in conjunction with clearing activities [B066]; Long term stockpiling will require suitable stabilisation (i.e. polymer, cover crop or hydro mulch or similar) to protect the soil from raindrop impact and rill erosion [B067]; Strip, salvage and stockpile topsoil separately from subsoils [B068]; Minimise disruption to natural overland flow paths through re-establishment of natural surface drainage lines [B069]; here possible, the disturbance of contour banks and irrigation bays will be avoided [B070]; here possible, flood banks and artificial levees will be avoided [B071]; here possible minimise impact on irrigation flow or current farming practices for underground structures and where such must cross actively farmed arable land, ensure soil cover above it is deep enough to allow normal cultivation practices to resume safely [B072]; To allow settlement of backfill, avoid soil mounding along pipelines in irrigated paddocks to the greatest extent practicable [B073]; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 48

62 Prevent subsurface water flows and erosion along the backfilled trench by appropriate means, such as trench blocks and compaction of backfilled soils [B074]; Discharge water from Project activities at a rate and location that will not result in erosion and install additional erosion protection measures [B075]; All run-off water needs diversion into clean water drainage lines and off site into natural drainage systems [B076]; Suitably designed and constructed diversion drains will be implemented where required [B077]; and Conduct physical investigations on selected parcels of land to influence facility siting decisions on a localised scale (i.e., soil type and structure for constructability) [B096]. Land Contamination: Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the handling and storage of hazardous materials, such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants [B078]; Ensure that appropriate spill response equipment, including containment and recovery equipment, is available onsite [B079]; Assess and report contamination in accordance with documented operating procedures. This may include, but is not limited to [B080]: undertake an assessment by a suitably qualified contaminated land specialist; undertake environmental site assessment in response to identification of contamination; characterise, remediate and validate contamination; and carry out corrective actions as required; Records to be maintained of notifiable activities / incidents that have the potential to result in land contamination. Records will include information on storage location, personnel training, monitoring data and disposal procedures for appropriate chemicals, fuel and other potential contaminants [B081]; Develop and implement emergency response and spill response procedures to minimise any impacts that could occur as a result of releases of hazardous materials or any loss of containment of storage equipment [B084]; Staff training as to appropriate handling, storage and containment practices for chemical, fuels and other potential chemicals as relevant [B083]; If Project activities occur on land that is listed on the EMR / CLR, further assessment may be required to determine if contamination exists [B085]; Assess whether soil from land parcel on the EMR / CLR may be required to be removed from that land parcel suitable soil transport and disposal approvals from EHP will be required [B086]; Conduct site investigations on relevant land parcels to assess for presence of contamination to allow for appropriate siting decisions to be made [B087]; Manage contaminated soil or groundwater that cannot be avoided through physical investigation, manage quantification of the type, severity and extent of Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 49

63 contamination, and remediate or manage in accordance with the Queensland Government s Draft Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Contaminated Land 1998 [B088]; Undertake an assessment by a suitably qualified contaminated land specialist in accordance with the Queensland Government Draft Guidelines for the Assessment & Management of Contaminated Land in Queensland (Department of Environment, 1998) [B089]; Stop works and avoid unnecessary disturbance of contaminated soil / groundwater if encountered during Project activities [B090]; Stop intrusive works involving disturbance of previously unidentified soil / groundwater contamination [B091]; Act immediately to protect human health and safety of site workers, public and environment [B092]; and Isolate areas containing contaminated soil / groundwater, where possible [B093]. Inspection and monitoring Inspect at risk erosion and sediment control measures following significant rainfall events to ensure effectiveness of measures is maintained [B094]; Inspect pipeline right of ways (Ros) routinely until ground stabilisation and natural revegetation or pasture grasses or crops are established [B095]; Routinely inspect spill containment controls and spill response kits [B219]. Auditing Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective action Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.3 Landscape and Visual Amenity This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts to landscape and visual amenity that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The Project area follows the Connors Range to the east and the Denham Range to the west and is located within the Isaac River and Mackenzie River sub-catchments of the Fitzroy River Catchment and the Belyando Suttor sub-catchment of the Burdekin Catchment. The landscape within the Project area is predominantly grazing and agricultural land, with coal mining, metals processing, oil and gas development and forestry. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 50

64 The topography is gently sloping with low hills and peaks to the north of the Project area. The geology generally consists of fine grained sedimentary rocks, intersected by quaternary alluvium systems associated with creek and river flats, floodplains and alluvial plains. A large proportion of the Project area is visually characterised by a mosaic of remnant intact grasslands as well as cleared and degraded grazing lands with patches of regrowth vegetation (mostly Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) and eucalypt). Areas of remnant woodland vegetation also occur within the Project area, including forest dominated by eucalypts, Brigalow and paperbarks, as well as riparian vegetation associated with the Isaac River riparian corridor and associated grasslands. A small number of towns are adjacent to the Project area. These include the towns of Moranbah, Glenden, Dysart, Middlemount and Blackwater. The towns do not occur within the Project area. The landscape and visual impact assessment has identified six typical landscape character areas (LCA) that occur within the Project area. These are: LCA 1 Mining tenements; LCA 2 Urban areas; LCA 3 Road and rail corridors; LCA 4 Agricultural areas (pastoral grazing and cropping); LCA 5 Drainage; and LCA 6 Forested areas (hills and plains). Z Potential Impacts The primary construction activity that could impact landscape and visual amenity values is the construction of production wells, gathering lines, production facilities and associated infrastructure (e.g., access roads, power lines). This activity will involve: Excavation, trenching, drilling, earthmoving, vegetation clearance or trimming, and temporary lighting that will disrupt landscape character, views and visual amenity. The presence of a workforce, construction camps and associated transport (e.g., large trucks, four-wheel-drive vehicles, graders, excavators and tractors). The impact of the activity will vary depending on the nature of the construction activity (e.g., construction of a production well versus construction of a production facility), type of landscape and location of visual receptors. During operations, the following Project activities could impact upon landscape and visual amenity values: The presence and operation of production wells, gathering lines, power reticulation, production facilities and associated infrastructure that will disrupt landscape character, views and visual amenity. The presence of operation and maintenance crews, and associated transport. The nature of the impact will largely be determined by the size of the infrastructure and the type of landscape. Impacts upon landscape and visual amenity values during decommissioning include: Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 51

65 Decommissioning, disassembly and removal of production wells, gathering lines, power reticulation, production facilities and associated infrastructure that will disrupt landscape character, views and visual amenity. The presence of a workforce and associated accommodation and transport (e.g., large trucks, four-wheel-drive vehicles, graders, excavators and tractors). aste generated in each Project phase could also potentially impact landscape and visual amenity if not appropriately managed. The potential night time lighting impacts may include issues of direct light spill from floodlights or other lighting elements toward surrounding rural residential dwellings and roads. However, it is likely that the majority of rural residential dwellings within the Project area are unlikely to have a short distance and direct line of sight toward the key infrastructure elements and there is unlikely to be any significant visual impact created by direct lighting impacts. Flaring may take place at FCF s and utilise an 80 m high stack within a designated compound area. hilst flaring is a relatively visual operation, the overall potential impact will be determined by local topography and tree cover between visual receptor locations and the flare, as well as other determining criteria such as distance, time of day and duration of flaring. Flaring is unlikely to result in significant visual impacts in the broader context of the Project area. Z Specific Management The purpose of mitigation is to avoid, reduce, or where possible remedy or offset any significant negative impact arising from the Project activities. Potential visual impacts will be reduced by objectives to: Minimise the extent to which Project activities will be visible from various view locations; and Minimise the visual contrast between the main infrastructure elements associated with the Project and the surrounding landscape in which they will be seen. The objectives will be addressed through a number of mitigation measures and include: Retention of existing vegetation buffers where possible within the Project area [B118]; Re-establishment of vegetation cover on disturbed areas [B097]; If possible, promote and manage natural regeneration of native plants within the Project area [B098]; here practical, colour selection and finishes for key infrastructure elements will be considered as part of the design process within the Project area [B100]; and Design lighting in a manner that limits disruption on landscape character, views and visual amenity [B099]. Management measures for landscape and visual amenity across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 13. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 52

66 Table 13 Management Measures for Landscape and Visual Amenity across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Changes in landscape character; and Diminished visual amenity. Environmental objectives Performance criteria To reduce short-term and long-term visual impacts on sensitive receptors. Compliance with design specifications (which will aim to integrate facilities and associated infrastructure into the landscape setting). Implementation strategy for planning and design The colour contrast and reflectivity of materials and finishes will be taken into account when selecting construction materials with the aim of minimising any potential visual impacts [B027]; Orientating infrastructure within the Project area to minimise potential light spill [B101]; Shielding lights with hoods and louvers where practicable. Design lighting in accordance with AS Control of the Obtrusive Effects of Outdoor Lighting [B102]; Co-locate facilities where practicable and design infrastructure layouts to minimise the footprint (taking into consideration the elements that contribute to landscape character) to reduce visibility of the facilities [B103]; Site each production facility in the landscape of lowest sensitivity, where practicable, such as next to existing industrial developments or existing CSG facilities [B104]; Avoid visually sensitive locations and landscapes when siting facilities, where practicable. Seek backdrops when siting facilities to protect the skyline in distant views. Avoid siting facilities within view of sensitive viewpoints [B105]; hen siting production facilities, maintain the maximum distance practicable from, and minimise visual disturbance to, the most sensitive visual receptors. Seek to maintain at least 500 m separation from sensitive viewpoints, particularly tourist trails, roads, residences and built-up areas [B106]; Hide or screen production facilities using natural landscape features or planted native vegetation barriers, where appropriate. Avoid removal of mature trees and other woodland features that screen views to facilities [B107]; here possible, establish screening barriers using endemic species in advance of construction of the facilities [B108]; Integrate facilities into the landscape setting where screening is not practical, considering building and structure colour, texture and lines. Use matt and low-glare finishes two shades darker than the prevalent shading of the site, having regard to sun angles throughout the day and year and to the harvesting of crops, where practicable. Consider camouflage paints or Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 53

67 Implementation strategy for construction Implementation strategy for operations finishes in highly sensitive landscapes [B109]; Consult with potentially impacted visual receptors (landowners and neighbours) in locating facilities. Seek to reduce the form and shape of facilities visible by landowners and residents [B110]; Conduct planned maintenance flaring during daylight hours to minimise light spill, where practicable [B111]; here it is not practicable to screen or integrate a facility into the landscape, consider designing the facility to be a feature in the landscape, taking into consideration the form, texture and arrangement of buildings and structures [B112]; hen clearing vegetation, seek to avoid creating gaps in stands or patches and to avoid isolating parcels of remnant vegetation from more continuous tracts [B113]; and Minimise the disturbance footprint and vegetation clearing [B114]. Maintain the integrity of private roads and tracks and minimise dust generation, where appropriate, in consultation with relevant landowners and council [B581]; Use existing roads and tracks, where practicable [B115]; here practicable, plan the movement of equipment and materials during times of least visual impact (i.e., work day start and end) [B116]; here feasible, target dry weather periods when undertaking construction in sensitive landscape areas (e.g., waterway crossings) to minimise visual impacts due to sedimentation and erosion [B117]; Retention of existing vegetation where practical [B118]; Clear areas progressively and implement rehabilitation as soon as practicable following construction and decommissioning activities [B033]; Locate topsoil and spoil mounds in visually unobtrusive locations, where practicable [B119]; Incorporate excess spoil from site excavations into bunding at the base of a planted vegetation screening barrier to increase the overall height of the barrier [B120]; Utilise landscape features and contours, where practicable, to integrate linear infrastructure (access tracks, gathering lines) into the landscape [B121]; Minimise the length and width of roads and tracks [B122]; Avoid roads traversing highly visible hills [B123]; Minimise construction time near sensitive visual receptors [B124]; and Develop and implement waste management procedures in accordance with the Queensland aste Reduction and Recycling Act 2011 [B125]. Develop an Erosion and Sediment Control Plan in accordance with the IECA (2008) Best Practice Erosion & Sediment Control, and install and maintain appropriate site-specific controls [B126]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 54

68 Implementation strategy for decommissioning Maintain visual amenity controls used to reduce landscape and visual impacts. Replace lost trees or shrubs in screening barriers to ensure they establish and maintain an effective barrier [B127]. Road entrances, signage and boundary fencing to Arrow property should be maintained in good condition and tidy at all times to ensure they promote a legible and high quality responsible profile for Arrow [B129]. Remove surface infrastructure and reinstate disturbed areas as soon as practicable to pre-disturbance landscape characteristics or consult with landowners regarding reinstatement objectives [B128]. If possible, promote and manage natural regeneration of native plants within the Project area [B098]. Inspection and monitoring Auditing Reporting Corrective action Inspect at risk erosion and sediment control measures following significant rainfall events to ensure effectiveness of measures is maintained [B094]. Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.4 Terrestrial Ecology This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts to terrestrial ecology that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Only 40% of vegetation in the Project area retains remnant status. The majority of this remnant vegetation persists on the breakaway scarps, escarpments and plateaus that are historically less amenable to land development. Open forests of lancewood (Acacia shirleyi) characterise the steeper breakaways and escarpments although mix with eucalypt dominant woodland and open forest comprising species which include ironbark (Eucalyptus crebra, and Eucalyptus xanthoclada), Gympie messmate (Eucalyptus cloeziana), brown bloodwood (Corymbia trachyphloia), spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora) and Clarkson s bloodwood (Corymbia clarksoniana). Small patches of vine thicket are also associated with breakaway areas, as well as basaltic landforms in the northern portion of the Project area. The brigalow forest that was once characteristic of clay plains in the Project area has suffered severely the impacts of land clearing, fragmentation and attrition, as it has for the broader Brigalow Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 55

69 Belt North Bioregion. ith the exception of a few better-preserved remnants, brigalow now persists in the landscape as scattered fragments and disturbed regrowth. Severe fragmentation has also affected eucalypt woodland habitats associated with clay plains. However, better-preserved vestiges can still be located on a number of properties in the northern and central portions of the study area where land disturbance has not been excessive. Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Threatened Ecological Communities A search of the EPBC Act database (DSEPaC, 2012) for the Project area indicates the potential presence of the following five threatened ecological communities (TECs): Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) (endangered) (herein referred to as the Brigalow Ecological Community); Natural grasslands of the Queensland Central Highlands and Northern Fitzroy Basin (endangered) (herein referred to as the Natural Grasslands Ecological Community); Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions (endangered) (herein referred to as the Semi-evergreen Vine Thicket Ecological Community); eeping Myall oodlands (endangered); and Coolibah Black Box oodlands of the Darling Riverine Plains and Brigalow Belt South Bioregions (endangered) (herein referred to as the Coolibah Black Box oodland Ecological Community). Of these communities, the Brigalow Ecological Community, Natural Grasslands Ecological Community and the Semi-evergreen Vine Thicket Ecological Community are confirmed through field survey as being present in the Project area. The eeping Myall Ecological Community possibly occurs although has not been confirmed and the Coolibah Black Box oodland Ecological Community is considered unlikely to occur based on its known distribution. Spatial representation of these communities is shown in Figure 8. Regional Ecosystems in the Project Area Based on certified Regional Ecosystem (RE) mapping (DERM, 2009), remnant vegetation totals 306,371 hectares (ha) (40% of the Project area). This comprises 32,071 ha with a biodiversity status of endangered, 95,186 ha with a biodiversity status of of concern and 178,276 ha with a biodiversity status of no concern at present. The balance of 461,021 ha of non-remnant vegetation comprises mostly cleared pastoral and grazing land. A total of 78 REs (excluding RE sub-types) are mapped within the Project area including representation of 18 endangered REs (biodiversity status) with 20 listed as of concern. Two threshold REs (being those in danger of falling below 30% of their preclearing extent) are also recognised. No critically limited REs as per DERM (2011a) are known to occur in the Project area. Spatial representation of the biodiversity status of REs in the Project area based on DERM (2009) is provided in Figure 9. REs with an of concern or endangered biodiversity status are considered susceptible to degradation and are governed by the EP Act and associated regulations. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 56

70 GLENDEN This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT / km 1:200,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Bowen Gas Project Tenements Cadastre Main Road Railway EPBC Status Endangered Vegetation Communities Vine Thicket - Good Condition Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. NA 3D Detailed Mapping Area Native Grassland - Good to Best Condition Brigalow - Good Condition Brigalow - Poor Condition / Advanced Regrowth (High Value Regrowth) BOEN GAS PROJECT EPBC VEGETATION COMMUNITIES (3D DATA) ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2106.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 8 A4

71 BRUCE HY MACKAY GLENDEN PEAK DONS HY BRUCE HY NEBO -22 MORANBAH -22 GREGORY DEVELOPMENTAL RD PEAK DONS HY DYSART CLERMONT MIDDLEMOUNT -23 TIERI -23 GREGORY HY CAPRICORN HY GREGORY HY EMERALD CAPRICORN HY BLACKATER This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / km 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) 148 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Cadastre Main Road Railway Biodiversity Status Endangered Endangered Dominant Endangered Sub-Dominant Of Concern Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 149 Of Concern Dominant Of Concern Sub-Dominant No Concern At Present Non-Remnant BOEN GAS PROJECT BIODIVERSITY STATUS OF REGIONAL ECOSYSTEMS (EHP DATA) ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2107.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 9 A4

72 Terrestrial Flora The existing vegetation of the Project area in the Isaac Comet Downs Province is highly degraded, comprising areas mixed with regrowth, and suffering the impacts of widespread selective removal or ringbarking of canopy trees. Native ground covers throughout floodplain vegetation of the Mackenzie River and Blackwater Creek has been extensively altered with pervasive invasion of buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare) and a range of exotic grass and herb species. Severe infestation of noogoora burr (anthium occidentale) is noted on the majority of drainage lines in the south of the Project area mixed with parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) which has invaded adjacent floodplain vegetation. Vestiges of Eucalyptus coolabah woodland (RE ) on the floodplain of Blackwater Creek, mixing with RE , represent the best-preserved floodplain vegetation in the far southern portion of the study area. The habitats demonstrate a diverse shrub layer and riparian vegetation provides an important habitat linkage for fauna within an otherwise fragmented landscape. The flora of the study area is considered well known with a highly diverse vascular flora of 770 taxa recorded within or in close proximity to the study area. The flora represents approximately 7.8% of the known 9,890 species of Queensland flora listed as per Bostock and Holland (2010). It comprises 14 species listed as either endangered, vulnerable or near threatened (EVNT) (deemed to be known from or likely to occur within the Project area), 17 regionally significant species and 117 species of non-native flora (15% of total flora). Twelve species are declared under the Land Protection (Pest and Stock Route Management) Act 2002 (LP Act), although many of these are known from single or widely scattered records often on roadsides or in town areas. Four EVNT flora species were recorded during the field survey. Twelve species listed as EVNT under federal and state legislation may potentially occur within the Project area. Table 14 lists those EVNT species with potential to occur (known, likely, possible, and unlikely) in the study area (based on desktop analysis and field survey). The location of EVNT species derived from the HERBRECS database (EHP, 2012), field survey, and a number of independent sources is provided in Figure 10. Table 14 Summary of EVNT Flora Likelihood of Occurrence in Project Areas based on Database Searches Status Known Likely Possible Unlikely EPBC Act Endangered Digitaria porrecta - - Cycas ophiolitica Macrozamia platyrhachis Vulnerable Dichanthium queenslandicum Dichanthium setosum Eucalyptus raveretiana - Aristida annua Croton magneticus Acacia ramiflora Cadellia pentastylis Daviesia discolor Hakea trineura Leucopogon cuspidatus Logania diffusa Omphalea celata Quassia bidwillii Taeniophyllum muelleri Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 59

73 Status Known Likely Possible Unlikely Nature Conservation Act 1992 Endangered Solanum elachophyllum Capparis humistrata Solanum adenophorum Trioncinia retroflexa Acacia ramiflora Cycas ophiolitica Kunzea sp. (Dicks Tableland A.R.Bean 3672) Macrozamia platyrhachis Sannantha papillosa Solanum graniticum Trioncinia patens Vulnerable Eucalyptus raveretiana - Aristida annua Cadellia pentastylis Euphorbia sarcostemmoides Dichanthium queenslandicum Cyperus clarus Croton magneticus Daviesia discolor Dryopteris sparsa Graptophyllum ilicifolium Hakea trineura Huperzia tetrastichoides Huperzia varia Logania diffusa Neisosperma kilneri Ozothamnus eriocephalus Plectranthus graniticola Polianthion minutiflorum Trigonostemon inopinatus Near Threatened Macropteranthes leiocaulis Cerbera dumicola Digitaria porrecta Desmodium macrocarpum Bertya pedicellata Paspalidium scabrifolium Peripleura scabra - Acacia arbiana Acacia gittinsii Acacia spania Acronychia eungellensis Actephila sessilifolia Argophyllum nullumense Asplenium normale Bertya sharpeana Carex rafflessiana Choricarpia subargentea Elaphoglossum callifolium Eulophia bicallosa Lobelia membranacea Lysiana filifolia Macropteranthes fitzalanii Melaleuca groveana Melaleuca pearsonii Pseudanthus pauciflorus subsp. arenicola Rhodamnia pauciovulata Rourea brachyandra Sarcotoechia heterophylla Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 60

74 BRUCE HY HERBRECS (2012) EVNT Records Acacia arbiana - NT, NL Acacia gittinsii - NT, NL Acacia spania - NT, NL Acronychia eungellensis - NT, NL Actephila sessilifolia - NT, NL Bertya pedicellata - NT, NL Bertya sharpeana - NT, NL Capparis humistrata - E, NL Cerbera dumicola - NT, NL Desmodium macrocarpum - NT, NL Lobelia membranacea - NT, NL Lysiana filifolia - NT, NL Macropteranthes leiocaulis - NT, NL GREGORY DEVELOPMENTAL RD Melaleuca groveana - NT, NL Melaleuca pearsonii - NT, NL Paspalidium scabrifolium - NT, NL Peripleura scabra - NT, NL Plectranthus blakei - NT, NL Plectranthus graniticola - V, NL Pseudanthus pauciflorus subsp. arenicola - NT, NL Sannantha papillosa - E, NL Sarcotoechia heterophylla - NT, NL Solanum adenophorum - E, NL Solanum elachophylla - NT, NL Solanum graniticum - E, NL Trioncinia retroflexa - E, NL # Croton magneticus - V, V Dichanthium setosum - NT, V # Dichanthium queenslandicum - V, V # Digitaria porrecta - NT, E # Eucalyptus raveretiana - V, V # Logania diffusa - V, V # Omphalea celata - V, V # Ozothamnus eriocephalus - V, V # Polianthion minutiflorum - V, V CLERMONT PEAK DONS HY GLENDEN MORANBAH GREGORY HY DYSART TIERI PEAK DONS HY NEBO MIDDLEMOUNT Aecomm (2011) EVNT Records # # Cerbera dumicola - NT, NL Desmodium macrocarpum - NT, NL Euphorbia sarcostemmoides - V, NL 3D Environmental EVNT Records Cerbera dumicola, - NT, NL Desmodium macrocarpum, - NT, NL Dicanthium queenslandicum, - V, V CAPRICORN HY GREGORY HY EMERALD CAPRICORN HY BLACKATER This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / km 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Bowen Gas Project Tenements Cadastre Main Road Railway Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 148 Known habitats 149 BOEN GAS PROJECT EVNT FLORA SPECIES RECORDS (HERBRECS) AND KNON HABITAT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2108.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 10 A4

75 Of the 117 species of non-native flora recorded in the HERBRECS database (EHP, 2012) are declared under the LP Act. A full list of declared flora species extracted from database searches and field surveys is listed below. Under the LP Act, landowners must take reasonable steps to keep their land free of Class 2 pests, including: Velvet pear (Opuntia tomentose); Prickly pear (Opuntia stricta); Harissia cactus (Harissia martinii); Mother of millions (Bryophyllum delagoensis / Bryophyllum x houghtonii); Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia); Rats tail grass (Sporobolus fertilis / Sporobolus pyramidalis); Rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora); Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus); Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate); and Lantana (Lantana camara). Terrestrial Fauna A total of 33 EVNT fauna species under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 (NC Act) and / or the EPBC Act have been recorded from the study area, including one amphibian, four reptiles, 19 birds and eight mammals (Table 15). Remnant habitats in the Project area that are known to host EVNT fauna are shown in Figure 11. Table 15 Summary of EVNT Fauna Likelihood of Occurrence in Project Area based on Database Searches Status Known Possible Unlikely EPBC Act Presumed Extinct Psephotus pulcherrimus paradise parrot Endangered Dasyurus hallucatus northern quoll Anthochaera phrygia regent honeyeater Poephila cincta black-throated finch Lathamus discolor swift parrot Bettongia tropica northern bettong Vulnerable Denisonia maculata ornamental snake Paradelma orientalis brigalow scaly-footscaly-foot Delma labialis stripe-tailed delma Geophaps scripta scripta squatter pigeon Nyctophilus corbeni south-eastern long-eared bat Erythrotriorchis radiatus Pedionomus torquatus plains wanderer Rostratula australis** Australian painted snipe Turnix melanogaster black-breasted button-quail Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 62

76 Status Known Possible Unlikely Phascolarctos cinereus Dasyurus geoffroii geoffroii koala western quoll Onychogalea fraenata bridled nailtail wallaby NC Act Presumed Extinct / Extinct Psephotus pulcherrimus paradise parrot Dasyurus geoffroii geoffroii western quoll Endangered Anthochaera phrygia regent honeyeater Poephila cincta black-throated finch Lathamus discolor swift parrot Vulnerable Denisonia maculata Jalmenus eubulus Calyptorhynchus lathami ornamental snake pale imperial hairsteak glossy black-cockatoo Paradelma orientalis Nyctophilus corbeni Pedionomus torquatus brigalow scaly-foot south-eastern long-eared bat plains wanderer Delma labialis Turnix melanogaster stripe-tailed delma black-breasted button-quail Geophaps scripta scripta Rostratula australis squatter pigeon Australian painted snipe Ninox strenua powerful owl Near Threatened Acanthophis antarcticus common death adder Melithreptus gularis black-chinned honeyeater Cyclorana verrucosa rough collared frog Nettapus coromandelianus Lerista allanae cotton pygmy-goose greater robust fine-lined slider Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Strophurus taenicauda black-necked stork golden-tailed gecko Chalinolobus picatus Accipiter novaehollandiae** little pied bat grey goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus** red goshawk Lophoictinia isura** square-tailed kite Neophema pulchella turquoise parrot Tadorna radjah radjah shelduck Aerodramus terrareginae Australian swiftlet Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 63

77 Status Known Possible Unlikely Turnix melanogaster black-breasted button-quail Bettongia tropica northern bettong Kerivoula papuensis golden-tipped bat A total of 14 migratory bird species, as listed under the EPBC Act, have been recorded from the study area. Migratory wetland species include latham s snipe (Gallinago hardwickii), eastern great egret (Ardea modesta), cattle egret (Ardea ibis), cotton pygmy-goose and Australian painted snipe. Eastern great egrets are abundant and common on farm dams within the Project area and will also occur in flooded paddocks, billabongs, creeks and on the Isaac River. Latham s snipe may inhabit similar waterways to eastern great egrets, but is generally more common in larger waterways with abundant semi-aquatic vegetation. Cattle egrets, which may occur in open paddocks and waterways, are uncommon within the study area. Cotton pygmy-geese, which typically inhabit permanent waters with abundant floating vegetation, are locally common, but patchy. Two notable aggregations were recorded from Lake Elphinstone and a farm dam on Iffley Station where, on the latter, over 50 individuals were observed. A total of 12 feral terrestrial vertebrate species have been recorded from the study area. These include seven listed as Class 2 declared animals under the LP Act. Class two declared animals are feral species established in Queensland that have, or may have, a substantial negative economic, environmental or social impact. Four pest species are known to pose significant risks to biodiversity: the feral dog /dingo, fox, cat and cane toad. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 64

78 BRUCE HY MACKAY GLENDEN PEAK DONS HY BRUCE HY NEBO -22 MORANBAH -22 GREGORY DEVELOPMENTAL RD PEAK DONS HY DYSART CLERMONT MIDDLEMOUNT -23 TIERI -23 GREGORY HY CAPRICORN HY GREGORY HY EMERALD CAPRICORN HY BLACKATER This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / km 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) 148 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Cadastre Main Road Railway Known Habitat Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 149 BOEN GAS PROJECT KNON HABITATS FOR EVNT FAUNA SPECIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2109.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 11 A4

79 Environmentally Sensitive Areas Category A Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs), as defined in the EP Regulation, and codes of compliance for mining and petroleum tenures are shown in relation to the Project area in Figure 12. Homevale National Park is the only Category A ESA directly overlapping with the Project area. Category A ESAs in the vicinity of the Project area include: Dipperu National Park (Scientific); Blackwater Brigalow Conservation Park; Blackdown Tableland National Park; and Taunton National Park (Scientific). Category C ESAs apply to regulation of Level 2 petroleum industries although specific conditions may apply when conducting Level 1 ERAs within these areas. Category C ESAs derived from tenure include the following: Resources reserves; Nature refuges; and State forests. A number of state forests fringe the Project area, including Arthur s Bluff State Forest, Crediton State Forest, Amaroo State Forest, alton State Forest and Bundoora State Forest. Arthur s Bluff State Forest, located in the far south of the Project area, is the only state forest area that directly overlaps. A number of gazetted nature reserves on freehold land are also present within the Project area. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 66

80 BRUCE HY MACKAY GLENDEN Crediton State Forest Homevale National Park PEAK DONS HY BRUCE HY NEBO -22 MORANBAH Dipperu National Park -22 GREGORY DEVELOPMENTAL RD PEAK DONS HY DYSART CLERMONT Bundoora State Forest MIDDLEMOUNT -23 TIERI -23 GREGORY HY CAPRICORN HY GREGORY HY EMERALD Amaroo State Forest CAPRICORN HY BLACKATER Arthurs Bluff State Forest Taunton National Park alton State Forest Blackdown Tableland National Park This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. 148 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Category A Category B Cat. B hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 149 Category C / National Park Cadastre Cat. C Dominant km Conservation Park Cat. B Dominant 1:1,500,000 Main Road Cat. C Sub-Dominant Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Cat. B Sub-Dominant Railway NA Essential Habitat Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb Cat. C Referable etlands BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2110.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 12 A4

81 Z Potential Impacts Direct Impacts from Land Clearing Vegetation clearing may affect flora and fauna communities and species in several ways including: The loss of individuals killed or injured as a direct result of clearing activities; The loss of habitat for flora and fauna species: reduction of the abundance and distribution of species due to the above effects; and displaced individuals that move to nearby vegetation are often unable to compete with resident animals and typically perish; Edge effects causing habitat degradation of habitat. Direct Mortality Fauna mortality can potentially occur from clearing activities. Small terrestrial species in particular (small mammals, many reptiles and frogs) are highly susceptible to mortality during clearing. Clearing for linear infrastructure (such as roads and gathering lines) is expected to have a lower magnitude of impact on larger habitat patches compared to clearing for larger infrastructure, such as dams or IPFs. Direct mortality of flora species will be governed to a large degree by the final impact footprint for any proposed infrastructure. Secondary impacts may also result from damage to trees on the margins of clearing resulting from tree fall or impact from operating machinery. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Project activities will result in some vegetation clearance, which leads to habitat loss and fragmentation resulting in: An altered landscape (and hence habitat) mosaic; Modification of large core unmodified habitats that may be structurally varied, have high habitat integrity and contain source populations of flora and fauna species; Loss of habitat for significant flora and fauna species, as listed under the NC Act and EPBC Act; Increased movement barriers, isolating populations or reducing movement rates (forming metapopulations); Impacts to significant wildlife corridors, including riparian areas fringing Mackenzie and Isaac River; Increased risk of some stochastic events (e.g. fire) having serious local deleterious consequences (e.g. local population extinction); A reduction in the likelihood of some stochastic events (e.g. fire) having broad scale impacts; and Increased edge effects. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 68

82 Edge Effects A variety of edge effects can result from landscape modification, and may impact upon remaining ecological values: Ecological values can be impacted by loss of vegetation integrity along disturbed margins or within minor remnants. Canopy dieback and loss of vigour, particularly of the ground cover, may be associated with increased light; penetration, disease, altered surface water flow, dust or exotic weed invasion; There may be modifications to community interactions (e.g. increased competition, increased aggression and increased predation); and Degradation of riparian and in-stream habitats through increased sedimentation and changes to hydrological regime. Pest Flora Species The impact of Project development on populations of exotic weed species will be dependent on land management practices employed. Unmanaged, the Project has the potential to assist proliferation of a number of exotic plant species that may have potential for serious economic and social impact, as well as devastating impacts on native vegetation and general biodiversity. Activities associated with all stages of Project development have the potential to disperse and increase the occupancy of a range of exotic plant species. This includes both the dispersal of currently occurring exotic plant species and introducing additional pest species from outside the Project area. The factors that may considerably influence the spread of weeds throughout the Project area include soil disturbance, creation of linear corridors and creation of water bodies. Pest flora species which have the greatest potential to proliferate from Project related activities are: Velvet pear (Opuntia tomentosa); Prickly pear (Opuntia stricta); Harissia cactus (Harissia martini); Mother of millions (Bryophyllum delagoensis / Bryophyllum x houghtonii); Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia); Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus); Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeate); Lantana (Lantana camara); Indian couch (Bothriochloa pertusa); and Buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare). Pest Fauna Species Project related activities have the potential to increase pest fauna abundance throughout the life of the Project. In particular, pest abundance and distribution may increase due to the following: The creation of gas gathering lines and road corridors through existing contiguous vegetation may act as movement conduits (DEHA, 2008b), facilitating pest species spread; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 69

83 Surface dams around gas wells and associated with facilities can provide a stable water supply for feral animals increasing their abundance and distribution; and Putrescible waste dumps associated with increased human inhabitation can become a valuable food resource for a variety of pest species leading to an increase in their abundance. Species which have the greatest potential to proliferate from Project related activities, and have the potential to affect native fauna values are: Cane toad (Rhinella marina); European red fox (Vulpes vulpes); Feral cat (Felis catus); ild dogs (Canis lupis familiaris); and Feral pigs (Sus scrofa). Potential Impacts to Environmentally Sensitive Areas Category A ESAs Potential exists for Category A ESAs to be impacted by Project activities. Homevale National Park intrudes into the north-eastern portion of the Project area and Dipperu National Park fringes the Project area's eastern boundary. Unless appropriately managed the most significant threats posed arise from proliferation of pest flora and fauna impacting on natural values. Category B ESAs Category B ESAs within the Project area include REs , , , , , , , and These ecosystems are generally associated with fertile clay soils that are highly susceptible to both erosion and exotic species invasion. Infestations of prickly pear (Opuntia stricta, O. tomentosa) and harrisia cactus (Harrisia martinii) are prevalent in the majority of areas where these ecosystems were examined on the ground. Failure to follow weed hygiene protocols coupled with increased vehicular traffic may facilitate increases in the rate and extent of exotic species invasion into these communities. Another Category B ESA, RE , is a wetland habitat that is scattered throughout the Project area with some relatively pristine examples observed on the Spring Creek Property. These habitats may be threatened by proliferation of exotic species (pest plants and animals), sedimentation, and release of saline water from production wells. The hydrology of these features is also not sufficiently understood to discount impact from groundwater draw-down which may increase the length of seasonal drying. Category C ESAs Category C ESAs are designated due to the presence of an of concern RE and are often associated with alluvial areas and subject to both erosion and exotic species invasion. Failure to follow weed hygiene protocols coupled with increased vehicular traffic may facilitate increases in the rate and extent of exotic species invasion (particularly parthenium, bellyache bush and mother of millions) into these communities. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 70

84 Other Category C areas including essential habitat and wetland habitats may be subject to fragmentation through placement of access tracks and gathering line infrastructure. This would have a deleterious impact on habitat values in these areas and dramatically increase the extent of cleared edges, facilitating both weed invasion and loss of habitat condition on the margins. Edge effects may have dramatic impacts on the viability of areas as habitats for threatened fauna and flora species. etland values are potentially threatened by the long term processes of increasing sedimentation, weed invasion (e.g. hymenachne) and changes to surface and sub-surface hydrology. ater extraction, discharge of saline CSG water from well heads and general increased site access all have potential to impact the natural integrity of wetland systems. Z Specific Management Management measures for terrestrial ecology across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 16. Table 16 Management Measures for Terrestrial Ecology across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Habitat fragmentation and isolation of populations; Habitat loss and degradation and fauna mortality; Edge effects; and Alteration of ecological processes. Environmental objectives To minimise habitat loss and fauna mortality; To avoid or minimise adverse effects on and to protect terrestrial ecosystems and associated biodiversity and habitat of state and national conservation significance; To avoid or minimise adverse impacts to and to protect ESAs; and To control the introduction or spread of new or existing exotic terrestrial flora or fauna. Performance criteria No unauthorised clearing outside marked clearing boundaries; Minimal fauna mortality associated with Project-related activities; No reported instances of infestations of new exotic terrestrial flora or fauna species resulting from Project activities; and Biodiversity offset policy is implemented. Implementation strategy for planning and design Avoid all disturbance within Homevale National Park (Category A ESAs) [B130]. Aim to avoid disturbance within the following areas [B131]: endangered EPBC Act TECs: Brigalow Ecological Community (REs , , , , and ); Natural Grasslands Ecological Community (REs ); Semi-evergreen Vine Thicket Ecological Community (REs , and ); eeping Myall oodlands (REs and ); category B ESAs; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 71

85 category C ESAs including Arthur s Bluff State Forest and gazetted nature reserves; stock routes and state or regionally significant bioregional wildlife corridors; essential habitat; core habitat for EVNT species; state forests and resource reserves; and state-listed of concern REs. Conduct pre-construction / pre-clearance surveys to identify any additional areas that need to be avoided. Include as a minimum [B132]: vegetation mapping at a scale suitable for site-specific planning; identification of core habitats for EVNT species; and identification of site-specific sensitive areas (e.g. ESAs) that require avoidance or buffers); Develop threatened species management procedures as and when project activities are identified as likely to impact upon individuals [B187]. Attempt to locate wells, gathering lines and access tracks within previous clearings or non-remnant vegetation if possible [B133]. Design infrastructure to avoid undisturbed tracts of remnant vegetation, where practical. here collection and gathering infrastructure is to be placed within contiguous vegetation, collection networks should be designed to avoid dissection [B134]. Access track location should avoid the repeated isolation of small parcels of remnant vegetation from more continuous tracts [B135]. Minimise vegetation disturbance wherever practical. Corridors for linear infrastructure should be as narrow as practical, particularly when crossing linear corridors of vegetation (e.g. Isaac River and Suttor Creek). Areas cleared for field development should be as small as practical [B136]. Retain habitat trees where practicable [B137]. Avoid removing riparian vegetation by directional drilling and reduction of Ros where practical [B138]. Construct infrastructure within previously disturbed vegetation in preference to areas with higher biodiversity values [B139]. Deviate access tracks and pipelines around sensitive vegetation where practicable [B140]. Avoid construction activities in waterbodies frequented by migratory species [B141]. Apply sensitive infrastructure design principles to avoid watercourse, drainage lines and riparian areas where practicable [B142]. Design creek crossings to ensure that existing flow regimes are maintained [B143]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 72

86 Preparation of biodiversity offsets (DSEPaC, 2011; DERM, 2011c) for Commonwealth and State significant biodiversity values [B144]. Implementation strategy for construction and operation Disturbance exclusion zones (or management buffers) will be established and managed during construction and operations to effectively protect ESAs: Manage impacts to Category A, B and C ESAs through implementation of management buffers. The buffers outlined below are indicative based on current regulatory conditions, however these may be subject to change in future. The buffers that will be implemented for the project will be in line with the regulatory requirements at the time of implementation. Indicative buffers at this time include [B145]: In areas mapped as high constraint a buffer of 100 m, measured from the bank edge, will be adopted during all phases of the Project, with a further 100 m constrained to low impact activities; For areas mapped as moderate constraint, the following buffer zones, measured from the bank edge, will be adopted during all phases of the Project: a riparian buffer of 50 m width on either side of first and second order streams; and a riparian buffer of 100 m width on either side of third, fourth, fifth and higher order streams Clearly identify buffers for sensitive areas that require avoidance; Develop site induction procedures to ensure that all worksite personnel, including contractors are made aware of the location of these sensitive habitats (and buffers) and are guided by qualified personnel when clearing is undertaken; and Demarcate ESA buffers and educate workers in regard to necessary site access protocols and requirements. Minimise the width of construction Ros within areas of sensitivity to the greatest extent practicable without compromising the safety of workers [B192]. Supervise construction activities in sensitive areas to ensure appropriate methods (e.g., narrowing of Ro) are being implemented, where required [B182]. Erect fauna-exclusion fences around project dams [B184]. Implement noise control techniques in accordance with the noise and vibration commitments and standard industry noise suppression techniques [B146]. All lighting should be directed into the infrastructure siting rather than dispersed into native vegetation when sites are adjacent to intact habitats [B147]. here possible, restrict traffic to designated access tracks [B148]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 73

87 Prohibit harassment of wildlife and the unauthorised collection of flora or fauna, unless directed by a suitably qualified and experienced person [B149]. Assess trees prior to felling for potential nesting hollows. If identified, fell trees in the presence of a qualified fauna spotter and roll them so that the hollows are facing upwards, allowing fauna to escape [B189]. Identify key koala trees, and visually inspect prior to clearing to ensure that they are free of koalas. If koalas are located, the tree should be retained until the animals have moved on, typically overnight [B190]. Fell trees away from existing vegetation not identified for removal where practicable [B150]. Avoid damaging trees (e.g. through scraping of tree trunk or breaking of limbs by equipment) not identified by removal where practicable [B151]. Suitably qualified animal handler or ecologist to capture injured wildlife, where possible. Injured wildlife resultant from land clearing will be taken to a qualified veterinary surgeon where practical [B153]. Develop speed limits on Project controlled roads with due consideration to reduce the potential for vehicle collisions with wildlife [B154]. Undertake pre-clearing surveys to determine the likelihood of the species occurring [B155]. Undertake partial rehabilitation of gathering lines and other linear infrastructure to reduce edge effects (including weed invasion) and maintain movement rates [B156]. Undertake rehabilitation of available areas consistent with pre-clearing habitats to increase the rate of recovery [B157]. A detailed pest management plan will be developed to mitigate and manage the potential spread of pest flora and fauna species [B152]. Develop a declared weed and pest management plan in accordance with the Petroleum Industry Pest Spread Minimisation Advisory Guide (Biosecurity Queensland, 2008). Undertake species-specific management for identified key weed species at risk of spread through project activities (mesquite, parthenium, African lovegrass and lippia). Increase weed control efforts in areas particularly sensitive to invasion. The pest management plan should include, as a minimum, training, management of pest spread, management of pest infestations and monitoring effectiveness of control measures [B191]. Undertake weed monitoring and targeted weed control measures within sensitive EVNT habitats (particularly brigalow and grassland communities) [B158]. Design washdown facilities to ensure that runoff is contained on site and does not transfer weed seeds, spores or infected soils to adjacent areas. Treat or dispose of washdown solids in a registered landfill [B172]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 74

88 Implementation strategy for decommissioning hen sourcing maintenance materials, ensure that such materials as bedding sand, topsoil, straw bales and sand bags are brought to site only after it is ascertained that the materials are not contaminated with weeds and plant or animal pathogens. Request a weed hygiene declaration form from the supplier where there is possible risk of contamination in products [B180]. Ensure all relevant personnel are made aware of the location and extent of weed infestations in the vicinity of the work area and the risks involved in moving from one site or property to another [B188]. Trenches should be inspected and monitored as per the Australian Pipeline Industry Association Ltd (APIA) Code of Environmental Practice (APIA, 2009) [B159]. Minimise the time a trench is left open. Construct exit points when construction is within 1 km of native vegetation, using appropriate material. Provide fauna refuges, such as sawdust-filled bags, regularly through areas of high fauna activity [B173]. Design facilities to ensure natural surface water flows are not impounded, e.g., by installing culverts on roads and stormwater diversion ditches around production facilities [B193]. Reduce the impact of CSG water on soil structure and aquatic values by designing and constructing wells in accordance with the Code of Practice for Constructing and Abandoning Coal Seam Gas ells in Queensland (DEEDI et al., 2011) [B168]. Install and maintain appropriate sediment and erosion control structures at work sites [B160]. Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the design and installation of infrastructure associated with the storage of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B178]. Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the handling of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B078]. Carry out corrective actions upon the identification of any contamination of soil or groundwater that has occurred as a result of project activities [B179]. oody debris, logs and rocks should be retained for use in rehabilitation. here practical, these should be piled along the edge of the cleared corridor. However, spreading these features over part or all of the corridor is preferred as it will provide refugia for crossing fauna. Systematic removal of surface debris should be avoided and cleared timber should never be burnt [B161]. During rehabilitation works, care will be taken when moving stockpiled logs and vegetation to avoid fauna mortality [B186]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 75

89 Plant species used for rehabilitation are specific to the original ecosystem and local provenance, wherever possible unless the area has been cropped or contains improved pasture to be reinstated [B162]. Inspect rehabilitation areas after decommissioning for regrowth similar to the surrounding environment [B177]. Reinstate self-supporting drainage lines [B176]. Implement site planning, preparation and management requirements in accordance with a decommissioning and rehabilitation plan [B175]. Inspection and monitoring Data collection, particularly of EVNT species identified during pre-clearing surveys, during trench checking or in other Project related activities, should be ongoing and used until rehabilitation is complete [B163]. Monitoring programs should focus on those sensitive ecological values at risk of a high to extremely high level of residual impact [B164]. Consider targeted monitoring effort conducted in co-operation with the proponents of overlapping Projects. Particularly suited species to such monitoring include ornamental snake (Denisonia maculata), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and brigalow scaly-foot (Paradelma orientalis) [B165]. Inspect management buffers and areas of avoidance to ensure boundaries are clearly delineated prior to clearing [B166]. Monitor during and after clearing activities to ensure no unauthorised encroachment has occurred [B167]. Trenches should be inspected and monitored as per the APIA Code of Environmental Practice (APIA 2009) code of practice; Inspect at risk erosion and sediment control measures following significant rainfall events to ensure effectiveness of measures is maintained [B094]. here EVNT species are identified in proposed development areas, consider mitigation measures such as translocation and/or propagation of flora species. Monitor progress of any translocation programs in accordance with the relevant translocation management plans [B169]. Develop monitoring programs that are site specific and based on the identified risk to the conservation or maintenance of a viable population [B185]. Inspect food scrap bins and exclusion fences to ensure effectiveness [B170]. Routinely inspect for pest flora and evidence of pest fauna species within Project disturbed areas [B217]. Visually inspect physical form and monitor hydrology, turbidity and ph upstream and downstream of crossings immediately prior to, during and after construction of watercourse crossings [B216]. Routinely monitor buffer zones and project footprint using satellite imagery [B215]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 76

90 Carry out routine monitoring of rehabilitation success [B183]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.5 Aquatic Ecology This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts on aquatic ecology that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values There is a long history of disturbance of the catchment within the study area as a result of agricultural activity, mining and urban development. There is limited data available predating this disturbance, however anecdotal information suggests that there has been a decline in the diversity and abundance of aquatic communities. The species and communities that have prevailed to the present time are generally robust, able to tolerate a wide range of conditions and resilient to disturbance events. This is particularly marked for smaller ephemeral systems, however the number of potentially susceptible species remaining increases with increased stream size. No wetlands were listed as significant under the EPBC Act. Taken holistically, aquatic ecosystems within the study area are in moderately good health, although the site AQ27 (Devlin Creek) was in particularly poor health due to significant oxygen depletion associated with late stages of drying up. Fifteen species of aquatic macrophytes were recorded, all of which are native. None of these macrophyte species were considered to be of conservation significance, or listed as pests under the LP Act. Despite the low to moderately disturbed nature of the study area, aquatic weeds were neither widespread nor locally abundant. No listed aquatic macrophyte species were identified in the study area during database searches. A number of riparian flora and frog species that may utilise aquatic habitats were identified (refer to the Terrestrial Ecology chapter (Section 17) of the EIS). Macroinvertebrate assemblages from pool beds and edge habitats were comparable and both were in a relatively healthy condition, typical of ecosystems exposed to low to moderate disturbance. Literature searches and field surveys did not reveal any macroinvertebrate species (including macrocrustaceans) of conservational value. Typical of watercourses which are largely ephemeral, fish assemblages within the study area were relatively species poor, dominated by a small number of taxa. The clear exception to this was site AQ31 (Mackenzie River) the only permanently flowing watercourse in the study area with 13 species Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 77

91 of fish recorded from a single survey event. hile no fish species were identified in the study area as listed under state or Commonwealth legislation, three species are endemic to the Fitzroy River Basin. These are golden perch (Macquaria ambigua oriens), southern saratoga (Scleropages leichardti) and leathery grunter (Scortum hillii); and are of some conservational concern. Two exotic fish species were recorded across the study area; tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in the early wet 2011 survey, and mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) in the late wet 2012 survey (refer to the Terrestrial Ecology chapter (Section 17) of the EIS). A total of 39 Krefft s turtles (Emydura macquarii krefftii) were caught during field surveys, the majority found at site AQ04 (Suttor River). No turtle species of conservational value were recorded during the field surveys. Sensitivity of Aquatic Environmental Values Large Permanent and Semi-Permanent atercourses The large permanent and semi-permanent watercourses within the Project area are the Isaac and Mackenzie Rivers. hile there are fundamental differences in the hydrology of these rivers (the Mackenzie River retaining reasonable flows throughout the year and much of the Isaac River being reduced to a series of isolated pools), their central role in facilitating the dispersal of aquatic organisms is pivotal in maintaining the health of the aquatic ecosystems throughout and beyond the Project area. Permanent and semi-permanent large watercourses are considered to have a high sensitivity to potential unmitigated impacts associated with the Project. Small Permanent and Semi-Permanent atercourses The small permanent and semi-permanent watercourses in the Project area include Bee Creek, Scotts Creek, Stephens Creek, Rolf Creek and Phillips Creek. These systems contain water all year round, although in many cases they are reduced to a series of isolated pools during the dry season. Small permanent and semi-permanent watercourses are considered to have a moderate sensitivity to potential unmitigated impacts associated with the Project. Ephemeral atercourses The ephemeral watercourses in the Project area include Suttor Creek, Devlin Creek, Sagittarius Creek and Taurus Creek. A high proportion of the ephemeral systems within the study area are unnamed first or second order systems that flow for very limited periods each year. The simplest of these systems are often little more than drainage lines through agricultural or forested areas, although the more substantial examples hold water for longer periods of time and have slightly higher habitat value for aquatic fauna. These systems ranged from being only slightly disturbed by existing land use activities to being highly disturbed agricultural drainages. Overall, aquatic communities and values associated with these ephemeral systems are considered to have relatively low sensitivity. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 78

92 Z Potential Impacts Project activities with the potential to cause direct or indirect impacts on aquatic ecosystem values during the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the Project are described below. The assessment of potential impacts assumes that industry standard management practices (e.g. for management of construction projects and storage of fuels, lubricants, dangerous goods, wastes, erosion and stormwater) would be applied as baseline mitigation controls. Site Clearing and Levelling The removal of riparian or aquatic vegetation, or terrestrial vegetation in close proximity to watercourses, may result in short-term exposure of soil to erosion and sediment transport processes, particularly if sodic soils are disturbed or denuded. This may impact on aquatic ecosystems through the creation of poor water quality or smothering of benthic habitat with sediment. Construction of Access Tracks Constructing tracks to enable access of machinery for the construction, operation and maintenance of wells, gathering lines and overhead power lines may require removing vegetation and earthmoving activities. Impacts on aquatic ecosystems as a result of this activity are largely associated with the construction phase, when freshly denuded and / or disturbed soils are most at risk of erosion. Track construction can also lead to sediment transport. There is potential for the contamination of waterways as a result of fuel, oil or chemical spills, use of herbicides during track maintenance, and increased public access (litter). Use of Vehicles / Plant / Machinery near aterways These activities have the potential to contaminate waterways as a result of fuel, oil or chemical spills, use of herbicides during track maintenance, and increased vehicle access (litter). The geographic extent, duration and severity of these types of events would depend on hydrological conditions and on the nature and volume of the contaminants involved. However, the normal protocol of restricting refuelling and maintenance operations to designated, bunded facilities largely overcomes the potential for such impacts. If tracks are constructed close to waterways or include creek crossings, there is potential for physical disturbance of stream beds / banks and or riparian or aquatic vegetation or habitat. Poorly formed and maintained tracks may be prone to rutting and erosion, which can result in ongoing sediment transport during storm events. Minor, short-term impairment of aquatic communities is the most likely level of severity, although temporary / partial loss of aquatic values is possible. aste Management Most of the waste streams are very unlikely to occur within or in close proximity of watercourses. If contaminated by waste streams, the potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems may include the creation of poor water quality and contamination or smothering of benthic habitat with sediment. For the majority of listed waste streams, the geographic extent of impacts under the protocols are expected to be localised, although they could be more widespread if contamination occurred during wet season flows. The duration and severity of impacts under normal protocols are likely to be moderate. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 79

93 Gathering System The potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems as a result of this activity are similar to those for Construction of Access Tracks. Impacts are generally likely to be quite localised and of short duration. However, changes to bank and in-stream erosion and sediment transport impacts may be longer term and may result in temporary or partial loss of aquatic ecosystem values. Drilling Operations Sumps for aste ater / Drilling Product Management Ground disturbance activities have the potential to impact on the environmental values of soils, vegetation, watercourses and water quality. These impacts are only likely to occur in the event of a severe storm event, when sumps may potentially overflow. At these times, ambient water quality in streams within the study area is likely to be relatively poor, with naturally elevated turbidity and suspended solid loads. Dilution of drilling sump overflow is therefore likely to reduce the severity but increase the geographical extent of this impact. Altered Surface ater Hydrology The severity and geographic extent for impacts on surface water hydrology is dependent on seasonal and other conditions within the receiving waters and on the magnitude and duration of discharge. In addition, the potential to facilitate the movement of exotic species could create long-term impacts. Operation and Maintenance Activities The potential impact of operation and maintenance activities would vary depending on the nature of the activity. For example, routine inspections of wells and gathering line easements would have negligible impact on aquatic ecosystems. Vegetation management along gathering line easements can be expected to have relatively low impacts if the area is not denuded of vegetation. However, in the event that a gathering line must be excavated for repair or replacement, the impacts could be substantially higher. Access tracks would be permanent. Maintenance of Access Tracks and Gathering Line Easements The maintenance of access tracks involves management of vegetation, erosion and water runoff. Activities may include vegetation clearing, spraying, grading or resurfacing. The potential impacts on aquatic ecosystems as a result of this activity are similar to those described for Operation and Maintenance Activities. Track and easement maintenance in the vicinity of waterway crossings has higher potential to impact on aquatic systems, but remains low in terms of extent, duration and severity. The significance impact assessment of potential unmitigated impacts on aquatic ecosystem values from Project activities is summarised in Table 17. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 80

94 Table 17 Summary of Potential Unmitigated Significance Assessment on Aquatic Ecosystem Values Activity Large Permanent / Semi-Permanent atercourses Small permanent / Semi-Permanent atercourses Ephemeral aterways Site clearing and levelling High Moderate Negligible Construction of access tracks High Moderate Negligible Use of vehicles /plant / machinery near waterways High Moderate Negligible aste management High Moderate Negligible Gathering trenching system High Moderate Negligible Gathering line or access road creek crossings High Moderate Negligible Drilling operations Moderate Low Negligible Altered surface water hydrology Major High Moderate Operation and maintenance activities High Moderate Negligible Maintenance of access tracks and gathering line easements Moderate Low Negligible Z Specific Management ith the exception of two large permanent / semi-permanent watercourses (Mackenzie and Isaac Rivers) that provide important habitat for two turtle species (Fitzroy River turtle and white-throated snapping turtle) and three fish species (golden perch, southern saratoga and leathery grunter) of some conservation significance, aquatic ecosystem values should pose few constraints on the construction and operations of the Project. Management measures for aquatic ecology across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 18. Table 18 Management Measures for Aquatic Ecology across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Erosion and sediment transport; Decline in water quality and increased algal blooms; Introduction and spread of exotic species; Reduced movement of aquatic biota; and Habitat loss, modification or fragmentation. Environmental objectives To avoid or minimise adverse impacts to the aquatic ecology within ESAs, permanent and semi-permanent watercourses and ephemeral watercourses. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 81

95 To control the introduction or spread of new or existing exotic aquatic flora or fauna species. Performance criteria Compliance with water quality objectives, no widespread impact to macroinvertebrates and no permanent impact to watercourse geomorphology as a result of Project activities. Successful rehabilitation, including prolonged bank stability at watercourse crossings. Common implementation strategy for all phases The use of vehicles and machinery near waterways will be avoided wherever possible and expected to be minimal [B194]. CSG water received from the field and brine concentrate will be managed in dams adjacent to IPFs [B195]. Incorporate into an emergency response plan or water management plan procedures for the controlled discharge of CSG water [B345]. Implementation Strategy for Planning and Design Implementation strategy for construction During the design and construction of waterway crossings, care will be taken to minimise the footprint of the structure and to avoid unnecessary disturbance to stream beds and banks [B201]. Plan construction and maintenance activities to minimise movement of plant and equipment between properties or areas with weed infestations [B230]. Design watercourse crossings to enable passage of flows resulting from a 1 in 100 year average recurrence interval flood event, as a minimum [B226]. Design gathering lines and tracks to avoid watercourses, drainage lines and riparian areas (particularly permanent watercourses or perennial aquatic habitat), where practicable [B227]. Design the width of the pipeline Ros to be narrower at watercourse crossings, where practicable [B228]. Co-locate pipelines into one watercourse crossing corridor, where practicable [B229]. Buffer zones will be adopted for Project activities (with the exception of required creek crossings), in different areas of constraint, as defined by the project s constraints mapping (outlined in Section 7 and detailed in Appendix BB). The buffers outlined below are indicative based on the current regulatory conditions, however these may be subject to change in future. The buffers that will be implemented for the project will be in line with the regulatory requirements at the time of implementation. Indicative buffers at this time include [B196]: In areas mapped as high constraint a buffer of 100 m, measured from the bank edge, will be adopted during all phases of the Project, with a further 100 m constrained to low impact activities; and For areas mapped as moderate constraint, the following buffer zones, measured from the bank edge, will be adopted during all phases of the Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 82

96 Project: a riparian buffer of 50 m width on either side of first and second order streams; and a riparian buffer of 100 m width on either side of third, fourth, fifth and higher order streams; here appropriate, design ground disturbance works to minimise the need for cut-and-fill earthworks [B224]. Construction of Access tracks: Construction of access tracks will be kept to a minimum, with the use of existing tracks and roads preferred wherever possible [B198]. Tracks will be restricted in riparian zones and durations of impacts minimised, except in the immediate vicinity of creek crossings [B199]. here waterway crossings are unavoidable, measures will be taken to ensure that the movement of aquatic species is not impacted [B200]. Construction that will potentially affect waterways will occur during dry months where possible. The use of machinery and vehicles on stream beds and banks will be avoided wherever possible [B202]. Gathering Trenching System: here the gathering line crosses waterways, ensure that trenching is perpendicular to the creek [B203]. here practical, the width of the easement would also be narrowed at these points, further reducing impacts on stream banks, beds and riparian zones by restricting the area of waterway that would be disturbed [B204]. here possible, trenching within or in the vicinity of watercourses would occur during the drier months of the year, which will reduce the potential for water quality decline as a result of sediment mobilisation [B205]. Minimise watercourse crossings, where practicable, during route selection. here required, select crossing locations to avoid or minimise disturbance to aquatic flora, waterholes, watercourse junctions and watercourses with steep banks [B220]. Gathering System or Access Road Creek Crossings: Gathering line and access road creek crossings will be kept to a minimum where possible by designing the gathering system so that multiple feeder lines are gathered into one gathering line prior to crossing [B206]. Creek Crossings: Construct watercourse crossings in a manner that minimises sediment release to watercourses, stream bed scouring, obstruction of water flows and disturbance of stream banks and riparian vegetation (i.e., the crossing location will be at a point of low velocity, and straight sections will be Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 83

97 targeted, with the pipeline or road orientated as near to perpendicular to water flow as practicable) [B221]. Ensure flumes used to construct watercourse crossings are suitably sized to maintain flows and enable fish passage. Protect the bed of the watercourse from scouring at the site of the downstream discharge of any flumes or pipes [B222]. If diversion of watercourse flows using pumps is required, screen the pump intakes with mesh to protect aquatic life [B223]. Avoid transport of equipment across watercourses unless an appropriate crossing that minimises disturbance to the watercourse bed and banks and to riparian vegetation is available [B225]. Vegetation and eed Management: Identify declared weeds during the preconstruction clearance survey [B231]. Store stockpiled, cleared vegetation away from watercourses or drainage lines [B232]. Implementation strategy for operations Drilling Operations Sumps for aste ater / Drilling Product Management: A ater Management Plan, Erosion and Sediment Control Plan, and aste Management Plan will be designed to avoid or minimise the potential impacts of Project [B207]. Maintenance of Access Tracks and Gathering Line Easements: Limit the use of herbicides in the vicinity of watercourses or within riparian zones. Use non-toxic, non-persistent (i.e., biodegradable) herbicides to treat weeds, except on properties where organic or biodynamic farming is practiced, for which the method of weed treatment is to be agreed with the landowner [B208]. Decommissioning and Rehabilitation Backfill and rehabilitate excavations, particularly pipeline trenches and drilling sumps. Conduct backfilling in a manner that will promote successful rehabilitation, including capping of exposed subsoil with topsoil and replacement of the land surface to preconstruction levels to reduce trench subsidence and concentration of flow. Mounding of soils to allow for settling may be required in some areas. However, in laser-levelled paddocks, this may not be practicable, and backfilling should be carried out in consultation with the landowner [B233]. Inspection and monitoring Monitoring, where required, will be undertaken, including water, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish and other aquatic / semi-aquatic fauna [B209]. A sampling program will be undertaken if discharge or emergency release is required [B210]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 84

98 The reporting or monitoring analysis results would include both standalone and cumulative interpretation to provide for a comprehensive understanding of significant change, if any, over time [B211]. Environmental auditing processes would include both internal and external audit components to ensure consistency and compliance with the regulatory framework [B212]. Inspections will be carried out on a incident basis to determine potential impacts to aquatic environments resulting from pollution events; or potential pollution events [B213]. here a discharge triggers a mandatory incident procedure that includes the need for point-source assessment, at a minimum, water quality would be assessed at the point source, as well as downstream of that point to the estimated downstream limit of impact [B214]. Inspect 'at risk' erosion and sediment control measures following significant rainfall events to ensure effectiveness of measures is maintained [B094]. Monitoring where required will be undertaken, including water quality, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish and other aquatic / semi-aquatic fauna [B218]. Routinely inspect spill containment controls and spill response kits [B219]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with the management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.6 Groundwater This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts to groundwater that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The groundwater study area includes the Project area and the outer geological (and hydrogeological) boundary of the Bowen Basin (Figure 13) in line with the numerical groundwater model. The majority of the proposed Project area is within the Isaac River sub-basin of the Fitzroy Basin. The properties and distribution of groundwater systems within the Project area and broader groundwater study area are a reflection of the geological evolution of the region and hydrogeological processes. Groundwater use across the Project area is a function of existing groundwater quality characteristics and general land use practices. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 85

99 Regional Geology The Project area covers a large portion of the north-south trending, Early Permian to Middle Triassic geological Bowen Basin. The Bowen Basin contains a sedimentary sequence of Permo-Triassic clastics, which attain a maximum thickness of 9,000 m in the depocentre of the Taroom Trough. The Bowen Basin is divided into a number of tectonic units comprising north / north-west to south / south-east trending platforms or shelves, separated by sedimentary troughs. The sediment successions that are relevant to the Project area are classified in Table 9 in terms of hydrostratigraphy. The Back Creek Group comprises sandstone, siltstone, shale and minor coal and is considered a semi-pervious lower boundary for groundwater flow to the overlying Blackwater Group coal measures. The Blackwater Group is overlain by the Mimosa Group, of which only the Rewan Formation occurs extensively in the middle of the basin (Figure 14). Thickness of the Rewan Formation ranges across the Bowen Basin up to 800 m thick (in the depocentre of the basin) with a typical thickness of approximately 300 m in the Project area. The Rewan Formation is a semi-pervious barrier to vertical groundwater flow that acts as a confining unit across the Project area and is a basal confining layer of the Great Artesian Basin (GAB) (Habermehl, 1980; Habermehl and Lau, 1997; Habermehl, 1998). The Clematis Sandstone (a major GAB aquifer) and the Moolayember Formation (a GAB confining unit) occur as elevated outcrops in the Project area southeast of Glenden, and near the Project area southeast of Blackwater. The Triassic and Permian sedimentary successions are overlain by isolated basaltic lava (Tertiary) outcrops, areas of Suttor Formation (Tertiary), and areas of Duaringa Formation (Tertiary). Extensive alluvial deposits (Quaternary) also occur along rivers, creeks and floodplains within the Project area. Each aquifer is characterised by a set of intrinsic hydraulic parameters, such as porosity, hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. These parameters control how the aquifers behave in the subsurface environment. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 86

100 ABBOT POINT -20 Riv R ive g ie er S a nd y D on Bo r -20 Kangaroo Creek ne O c on E H Y Cr C e Be Cre e Broken River iver Ex BRISBANE TOOOOMBA IPSICH COOLANGATTA MACKAY Pi onee r Riv er k ta BUNDABERG MARYBOROUGH U nr R os e t GLADSTONE BR e Bow ec ATPA742 MACKAY -21 Sut ROCKHAMPTON er ell Riv e Littl -21 MOUNT ISA O'conn ree k r ive ve k TONSVILLE C Emu tor r i ve Ri r ll R i r ve nr an C reekcollinsville h ei m ee CAIRNS r Pe lic B o wen R Se ll v er Rive e Bo w Cr Burdekin R Pros erpin e R i Bogie C r e ek S ton es e ek R i v er er iv r C r e ek GLENDEN re ek r i cr k k ek Cre er C re e k MARLBOROUGH Cr pe lla i M lve Twe pr i ec ek r er De os ac re Cre t e ek ive a ey C r Ch r l Bon M ac v er k DUARINGA ree Do n Ri v er ek ek ek Pla net S GREGO RY H Y re m ah a To Ca Spider Creek ol d C re C re 1:2,400,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) reek im H u mb 60 km ue C er eek Cr yke 40 a r l ev R iv d Van r eek Ch M i ver This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. BLACKATER so n or ure gs rin Sp Du ek S ck wort h Cre Daw nd r e ek ac CAPRICORN HY ROCKHAMPTON n g ton C re ek ATP r s e ek er k ree er C ya M in 147 Fitzr ive hu r r tc Riv at ckw a nd eek E c ho C ee k R oy oa Ri v er ie nz ke a Bl k B el y Cr ugh Creek g No ro EMERALD ee Cr Y ek Re t reat Cree k Cr C reek H C re le lbo ar o ra RY Ket tle k ree ll C B lackb o y / ro M C oo O EG C wk Me dw a TIERI O a y Creek k GR gy Ar eek bly Cre ek Creek ek Cr P eb t r ee tr o Re dy k k ree ee Cr ttle e r esa Cr C r e ek ee k re e k C e C ar b in C ile ay M Bo Sa n M 17 Th ATP MIDDLEMOUNT ee k Rop k ATP ee Cr CLERMONT rt be Rolf iv Bel l Creek 149 Project Area Primary Road Bowen Basin Other Road Study Area Railway 150 Referenced Bore atercourse Rotated Model Domain Source: Client Supplied Data; Roads and Locations from MapInfo Streets Pro, 2011; Topography sourced from Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4, CIAT hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. GROUNDATER STUDY AREA BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2115.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev. B 13 A4-24 S te phe n s xr Alligato r Creek DYSART C ree ek er k r ee e -22 x Cre w Creek Harro le re r He d Mid ATP C ek Cre L ot k ree rt C lfe o rbe He O D S Ph illips ek Cre C k ee AK N Y k us M E P Cree RD Gr eg or yc ree k H Cattle Y H ATP759 Cr ek Cre nel Fun Cre ek Br ow nc re ek re r Fo a k ee E UC BR Isa Cr gan -22 ee Cr Den d iso on Isa m ia L TA Y OR MEN P EG GR VELO DE Lo ec ee k S ty ver D k Be MORANBAH c R i ver nd Y NEBO D iamo H re e k ATP1103 ve a icle DO NS k Ri ATP1103 r ee S u t to AK PE Cr r rb en a ATPA749 e pe V Co o C Blowfly Creek ARMIDALE nc re ek re ek S u tto ec P o l ic

101 COLLINSVILLE MACKAY S B EN E - GLENDEN Jell a inb ht st hru t Be l NEBO S C - EN E MORANBAH Collinsville Shelf - EN E N DYSART E - SS S AN D Nebo Synclinorium MIDDLEMOUNT CLERMONT MARLBOROUGH TIERI Comet Platform EMERALD S E E - EN BLACKATER DUARINGA This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. -24 ugh Tro -24 ison Den 147 / km 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Coal Measure (Late Permian) Bowen Basin Rewan Formation (Triassic) Fault Line Cross Section Geological Structures 1:2,000,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Jellinbah Trust Belt Source: Client Supplied Data; Roads and Locations from MapInfo Streets Pro, 2011; Topography sourced from Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4, CIAT hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE STUDY AREA BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2116.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev. B 14 A4

102 Regional Hydrogeology The main resource aquifer for the Project area is the Quaternary alluvial aquifers that occur in discontinuous lenses along major streams and rivers throughout the Isaac River and Mackenzie River sub-catchments. Groundwater in the alluvium is generally ephemeral and strongly linked to surface water flow. At certain times and locations the alluvium may be partially saturated or even dry. The most significant and reliable groundwater resources occur outside the Project area in Fennel Creek, Nebo Creek, Denison Creek and the Connors River (Figure 15). Tertiary basalt aquifers are a locally important groundwater resource within the Bowen Basin that occurs mostly along the northwest and eastern fringes of the Basin. These aquifers occur extensively in Authority to Prospect Application (ATPA) 742 and ATP 1103, and are discontinuous and heterogeneous due to weathering and jointing of the basalt. The groundwater of the Tertiary basalt aquifers is typically of poor quality. Shallow Tertiary age sediments, including the undifferentiated sediments, Suttor Formation, and Duaringa Formation, occur in the Project area but these are considered poor aquifers or aquitards depending on local bore yields and water quality. The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) Clematis Sandstone aquifer occurs only as isolated outcrops in the northern part of the Project area and southeast of ATP 1025, near Blackwater. The Moolayember Formation aquitard overlies the Clematis Sandstone in some locations. The confined coal seams of the Permian Blackwater Group are targeted for CSG production in the Project area. The coal seams are the most permeable aquifer units within the Project area and contain saline-sodic groundwater. Bores constructed in the coal seams produce low-to-moderate yields and the groundwater is brackish and unsuitable for agricultural or domestic use. The main aquitards are the Rewan Formation and the interburden layers of the Blackwater Group (Permian). The coal seams of the Blackwater Group are confined from above by the Rewan Formation (along the central axis of the Bowen Basin) and by interburden layers of low permeability shale, mudstone and siltstone. In the centre of the Project area, between Dysart and Middlemount, the confining Rewan Formation narrows. Localised stream recharge is likely to be the main factor producing pockets of fresh groundwater across the Project development. Rainfall is variable on an annual basis, though an average groundwater recharge in the northern Bowen Basin is expected to be similar to that of the GAB, and hence the GAB recharge estimates (0.5 to 28.2 mm/yr) by Cook et al. (2006) have been adopted as a guide. Empirical estimates of the localised recharge are also available as a percentage of rainfall, 2.1% to 18% (SKM, 2009a), or as a percentage of stream flow, 0.5% to 7% (SKM, 2009a). An analysis of 348 shallow groundwater bores in the study area of the Bowen Basin found that the water table in the unconfined alluvium, sediments and basalt, occurs at between 5 to 20 metres below ground level (mbgl) in most locations. Based on this information it is interpreted that shallow groundwater flows towards the surface drainage lines where it is lost as stream baseflow and as evapotranspiration via riparian vegetation and trees. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 89

103 COLLINSVILLE ve r n el er R iv O c on n Riv Rose tt a C er k P o lic e r ive Isa ac R ATP1103 ATP1103 ek NEBO d on C on Be e Cr Connor's River ee ee k L og an C r e ek Br ow nc re ek Ch k ree De vl i n Cr ee k ATP759 Cattle k Cree I sa a c ill Cre ek STY ATP1031 DYSART St e phen s ee Cr Isaac River k lf eek Cr Cre ek pe lla c kw Ri ile M Sp ri n C h a rley Cr e e k C ek er bo l Cr ee k Cre eek Cr dt C re Pla net Cr To m a Twe lv e ek DUARINGA e???????????????? imosa r e sur Du ek ek C re 1:2,000,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) eek M g rin Sp H um 60 km e Cr Cr Sa rv k Mi? rl evu n Creek ve Ri ree? ree k / 40 Cha g to n ac ne -23 Ca eek yke Spider Creek Cr iv et R om -24 u r st n dh d Van k rc wa t e r ee ck Bla This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. iv e r goa R ee k Cr Daw s o u le v har r ec No e ek Ri r Cree k zi e ek C Macken C re ver e Ri k ve Borill a t er o re reek kwa an d ay C ek eek r ve Ri y C re Cr ver ie nz c kwort h Cree k ATP1025 Du BLACKATER 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements 10 ra C bah MARLBOROUGH R etreat C r eek oo Ke ttc l reek o r th e C r ee k MIMOSA MANAGEMENT AREA OF THE GREAT ARTESIAN BASIN E ch o C Co o k ac Bl Be ly edw Mac k e EMERALD B l ackbo M re ek Mackenzie River k oom ool FITZROY ee k re e ll C gy Ar k reek ek e C re e O ak y C r Cr e r dy o C Cr e TIERI k r ee k e eek Cr ee C b bly S a k ly bb Pe BLACKATERhaw ATP1103 Re t er e s eek ee Cr Pe ttle tr bi n C ar BOEN GAS PROJECT AREA k Rocky Creek r ee Th e Cr ay M Bo an eek Rop e ATP1031 Cr M istak Cr T ATP1103 MIDDLEMOUNT CLERMONT iv e ac Isa o lfa n gc Ro R yx -23 C k ree ek r r ee k Saw m Creek Nine Mile e re C Cr le C t us e er Ph i l lips k ree fe C d Mid reek L o i cl l o Table C ree k v er Ri M ek Gr eg or yc ree k C el l erw -22 Cr Brown Creek MORANBAH nd ek Cre nel Fun -22 k Diamo -24 k Den is ee Cr Suttor River St m ia Bo ne re C re C D E a glef i e ld ATPA749 er ek p Coo iv e r -21 GLENDEN BURDEKIN Sutto rr PIONEER ek r Creek Sutto Cr e k re Cree ec ve r e MACKAY P ion eer R iver Ex tto Cerito ek Broke n River ATPA742 i Cre ree Su rr O'CONNELL Be e k tto Su -21 en ow Bowen River k ee er ell Riv r ve Lit t le B k reek Ri r ree k r ve im ee Cr lla C l lhe lla Isabe Ros e O'conn C Emu Bowen R i Se r C r eek iv lr e i P eli can we d ek i nr Cr e e k er iv nr Bo r Ri ver Do s ne S to Bu r 149 Drainage Basin Boundary Mimosa Management Area of the Great Artesian Basin Highlands Sub-Artesian Area River Catchment Boundary Northern Boundary of Surat Catchment Management Area? Spring atercourse Northern Boundary of the Highlands Sub-Artesian Area Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. SURFACE CATCHMENTS AND GROUNDATER MANAGEMENT AREAS OF THE STUDY AREA BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2117.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev. B 15 A4

104 Groundwater Use Groundwater entitlements (or allocations) recorded for the Isaac-Connors and McKenzie River subcatchments were obtained from NRM ater Entitlements Registration Database (ERD). Thirty-five of the groundwater allocations (totalling 14,165 ML per year (ML/yr)) are associated with the Isaac- Connors sub-catchment whereas only four (totalling 3,034 ML/yr) are associated with the McKenzie sub-catchment. A low reliance on groundwater in the McKenzie sub-catchment is balanced by significantly greater reliance on surface water from the Mackenzie River which receives controlled dam releases during seasonal dry periods and droughts. Groundwater resources in the McKenzie River sub-catchment are effectively untouched with only a few production bores scattered throughout the sub-catchment (Pearce and Hansen, 2006). Groundwater entitlements are absent from the study area to the north of Nebo because there are no requirements to register bores or obtain licenses outside the Highlands Groundwater Management Area (Figure 16). The shallow aquifers in this area are likely to contain saline-sodic groundwater (i.e. poor quality) as indicated by low rainfall, high potential evaporation, minor deposits of river alluvium, and a small surface catchment for stream-recharge (note that the upstream area is limited by the borders of the Belyando-Suttor, Bowen River and Isaac-Connors catchments). The main source of groundwater (12,859 ML/yr or 91% by volume) is from alluvial aquifers and minor groundwater sources include basalt (424 ML/yr), sedimentary rocks and coal of the Blackwater Group (842 ML/yr) and sedimentary rocks of the Back Creek Group (40 ML/yr). The groundwater extraction from the Back Creek Group is in the west of the basin where the Back Creek Group subcrops or outcrops. The vast majority of groundwater allocations are associated with river alluvium outside the Project area and in the following locations: Braeside Borefield at the confluence of Nebo and Denison Creeks, and around Bee Creek; Funnel Creek just upstream of the Connors River junction; and Lower Isaac River downstream of the Yatton stream gauge. ithin and near the Project area itself, there appears to be only two entitlements, one from the Isaac River alluvium (65 ML for domestic supply, irrigation and stock) and one from the Rangal Coal Measures (2 ML for coal mine test purposes). There also exist a number of groundwater entitlements within 5 to 10 km of the Project area for basalt, alluvial and coal seam groundwater (various amounts for irrigation, stock, mine testing and industrial uses). In contrast, the northern Project area (ATPA 742, ATP 1103, ATPA 749, ATP 759, and ATP 1031) hosts relatively small groundwater licenses and the southern Project area (ATP 1025) hosts no groundwater licenses. ERD data for the entire Isaac-Connors sub-catchment shows that approximately 50% (by volume) of groundwater allocations are for irrigation and approximately 25% (by volume) are for a combination of intensive stock watering, domestic and town supply, commercial, industrial, and mining use. The remaining approximate 25% (by volume) is allocated to a variety of uses, including amenities, aquaculture, educational, roadwork, and testing. Many of the irrigation developments associated with these entitlements are yet to be developed and irrigation entitlements are generally not fully utilised (SKM, 2009a). Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 91

105 COLLINSVILLE iv lr e n el an C k r ee O c on -21 aro o Cr Cre ek Broken River K ang k Cr e ek r Cree Sutto k c Bla GLENDEN a rb en k re ek Ri re ve r Ve C I sa a D E a glef i e ld ek ee Cr C er na An er eek l Cr c NEBO d Denis o on nc m ia ee Cr ee k De vl i n Cattle k Cree I sa eek Cr Ch el l erw -22 ek eek Cr ek Cre nel Fun Cr a c ill Cre ek k r ee le C ek yx DYSART k ree St e phen s Cr k ee lf e ek Cr T MIDDLEMOUNT Ri ur s n dh t le Mi C im os a ek eek Cr r Cr e e k r ne rv Ri ve ro y Sp ri n ek DUARINGA e ive nr ee k Cre t C re yke old Cr Pla net Spider Creek eek e Cr M -24 rl evu er k Note: Groundwater allocations symbols are placed at the centre of lots and plans associated with each groundwater license. The symbols are colour coded to represent the aquifer from which the groundwater is taken. The size of the symbol represents the allocation volume. ek ek C re 1:2,000,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) n Creek C ha r ley iv et R om ure gs rin Sp Hum b 60 km gt o Daw s o k ree d Van r ee This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. C ha k ree ver ac o Fi tz er eek Cr 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements 20 tzr -24 o a Riv k Fi Cr g No c kwo rt h Creek Du t er C e Cree k BLACKATER e Ri y Cr Borill a E ch o C 0 reek kwa o an d edw a k Ri r ee k Mi / oo ra C ac Bl Be ly M or y Cre e zi e e ek Cr EMERALD B l ackbo Macken R e trea t C r eek Sa ll gy ie nz Twe lv e Cr a To m Ar e Cr Mack e -23 eek pe lla Cr Ca -23 ek ec v er r Creek ek MARLBOROUGH iv e h eek yr Cre Co e Cr ee k bi n Ke ttl Cr r eek Cr b bly reek k ee k aw ah ve k C ar ly bb Pe Pe etr ee O a ky C k r ee k e ee Cr Rocky Creek r dy o C Cr e b oom ool r ve Ri S a eek TIERI Re t er e s eek an r ek Th e Cr ay M Bo ttl Rop e e Cr M istak Cr ve ac Isa o lfa n gc Ro CLERMONT Ri St Nine Mile e Saw m Cr C Creek us e er re C Ph i l lips ek Cre d Mid t o i cl lfe o reek Table C ree k v er Ri M ek L r Brown Creek C Lo g an C r e ek Br ow nc re ek Gr eg or yc ree k B ee MORANBAH nd re -22 k Diamo Bo ne r Riv k ree p Coo Hai Cr Sutto ks C ee k Po l ic e k Rose River k re Cree ec e MACKAY P ioneer R iver Ex Cerito Suttor Be e er tt a k R iv Cr en ee k ow -21 er ell Riv r ee O'conn Lit t le B k ve Ri reek ee Cr im ree k r ve lla llhe lla C Se Bowen R i Ros e Isabe Su tto iv C Emu nr er r ee P elic we r Ri ve r r ve r Ri Bo B u r de k i n 149 ALLOCATION IN AQUIFERS Bowen Basin Quaternary (Alluvial Aquifers) Tertiary Group (Fractured Basalt Aquifers) Later Permian Age, Blackwater Group (Sedimentary Rocks and Coal) Early Permain Age, Back Creek Group (Sedimentary Rocks) Cadastre atercourse Highlands Sub-Artesian Area Northern Boundary ALLOCATION IN MEGALITRES (ML) 0 to to to to to 2,300 Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. LOCATIONS OF LICENCED GROUNDATER ALLOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2118.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev. B 16 A4

106 NRM does not require metering of groundwater bores (except at Braeside borefield) and so the actual groundwater usage is not recorded. A study by SKM (2009a) suggests that actual groundwater usage under non-metered licenses is approximately 20% of the allocations for irrigation purposes and approximately 90% of the allocations for urban and industrial purposes, hence the statistics presented tend to over-emphasise actual reliance on groundwater by irrigators. Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts to the groundwater values from associated Project activities are described for each project phase. Potential impacts to groundwater that are related to land contamination as a result of disturbance of existing contaminated land or the potential to cause land contamination through Project activities are discussed in Section Z.4.2, Geology, Landform and Soils. Construction The primary activities that could impact groundwater values are the construction of production wells and monitoring bores, gathering lines, production facilities and associated infrastructure (e.g., construction camps). These activities have the potential to impact on groundwater values in the following ways: Reduced rainwater infiltration and subsequent reductions in aquifer recharge from the surface due to the following: construction of impervious surface coverings associated with integrated production facilities; and land disturbance activities resulting in reduced porosity and permeability of surface profiles. Incomplete or incorrect well installation resulting in interconnection of aquifers and consequential cross-contamination. Use of lubricants and drilling fluids during the drilling process resulting in localised contamination of aquifers. Leaks and spills at the wellhead during drilling draining and infiltrating into the boreholes leading to contamination of the intersected aquifers. Operation CSG water will be extracted from the Blackwater Group, within the Rangal Coal Measures and Moranbah Coal Measures, so direct impacts to the groundwater levels in this aquifer cannot be avoided. There also are potential indirect impacts to surrounding groundwater systems as a result of CSG water extraction. In addition to CSG water extraction, other operations activities to be conducted by Arrow have the potential to affect groundwater, such as drilling wells and storing saline water, chemicals and fuels. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 93

107 CSG ater Extraction Groundwater in the target coal seams will typically be depressurised during CSG production to about 40 to 50 m (of hydraulic head) above the top of the target coal seams. Considering target coal depths of 350 to 750 m below surface with associated potentiometric pressures of about 50 mbgl, this translates to approximately 265 to 690 m of drawdown below the pre-development groundwater pressure in the coal seams (Table 19). Each CSG well is predicted to produce a drawdown cone within the target coal seams and these drawdown cones will super-impose (amalgamate) to create a regionally extensive depressurisation impact within the target coal seams of the Blackwater Group (Figure 17). Although the estimated drawdowns in Table 19 are substantial, the pressures disturbances are mostly contained within the coal seams by low-permeability interburden and the Rewan Formation. Subsequently the induced groundwater flow and depressurisation is anticipated to be mostly lateral, through the coal seams, rather than vertical, between the coal seams. Table 19 Estimated Maximum Drawdown Target Coal Seams of the Blackwater Group Parameter Reference Low Middle High Coal Seam Target Depth (mbgl) [1] 350 to to to 750 Ground Surface Elevation (m AHD) [2] Coal Seam Target Elevation (m AHD) [3]=[2]-[1] -200 to to to -400 Approx. Pressure Head (m AHD) [4] Approx. Depressurisation Target (m above the coal seam) Approx. Depressurisation Target (m AHD) [5] [6]=[3]+[5] -165 to to to -365 Drawdown Estimate (m) [7]=[4]-[6] 290 to to to 665 Notes: 1. Project Description chapter (Section 4) of the EIS. 2. Typical elevations in the Project area. 4. Typical groundwater potentials in the Blackwater Group 5. CSG operations In the Surat Basin typically reduce heads to within 35 m of the upper coal seam (Moran and Vink, 2010). Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 94

108 Figure 17 Basic Conceptual Hydrogeological Model Showing Induced Groundwater Flow during Project Operations Depressurisation during CSG production will potentially result in the following direct impacts: Reduced groundwater flow to groundwater-dependent ecosystems or areas of cultural and spiritual importance. Reduced groundwater supply to existing or future groundwater users accessing groundwater. The extraction of CSG water has the potential to indirectly impact upon other groundwater systems present within the Project area. Subsequent depressurisation of adjacent aquifers has the potential to cause indirect aquifer interflow and groundwater drawdown, resulting in the following indirect impacts: Diminished groundwater quality in aquifers through groundwater mixing as drawdown induces flow across deeper and shallower aquifers. Reduced groundwater flow to discharge features or areas of cultural and spiritual importance fed by the adjacent aquifers. Reduced groundwater supply to existing or future groundwater users accessing groundwater from the adjacent aquifers. Land subsidence and changes to surface water flow regimes and landforms. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 95

109 Induced Seismicity Induced seismicity could result from Project activities such as drilling, geophysical (seismic) surveys, hydraulic stimulation and injection. Hydraulic stimulation increases the coal seam permeability by introducing fluid under pressure into the target coal seam to propagate and widen fractures. hen fractures are generated or deformed the rock stress state (equilibrium) changes and induced seismic activity can occur. Induced seismicity, as a result of hydraulic stimulation, is considered to result in minor seismic events which are most likely to be less that the historically recorded magnitudes or those generated by mining activities. Other Operations Activities Surface activities during the operations phase of the Project can impact groundwater values in the following manner: Leaks and spills of chemicals, fuels and oils stored at the surface in association with integrated production facilities may result in contamination of the intersected aquifers. Discharges of liquid domestic wastes and effluent to land have the potential to contaminate groundwater systems. Activities related to the storage, treatment and transfer of CSG water and its by-products during the operations phase of the Project have the potential to impact on groundwater values as listed below: Seepage or leaks of untreated CSG water and brine from storage facilities have the potential to contaminate the shallow groundwater system. CSG water discharged to streams has the potential to infiltrate the subsurface profile and contaminate the shallow groundwater system. Leaks and spills from subsurface infrastructure, e.g., gathering lines, could result in contamination of intersected aquifers. Seepage or leaks of CSG water and its by-products from storage facilities (e.g., dam failure) have the potential to alter the shallow groundwater flow direction and associated recharge or discharge patterns. Decommissioning Potential impacts to groundwater values during decommissioning include incomplete or incorrect well decommissioning that results in interconnection of aquifers and consequential cross-contamination. Cumulative Impacts The following projects are predicted to contribute to cumulative groundwater impacts: Caval Ridge Mine (20 km from the Project area); Daunia Mine (within the Project area); ashpool Coal Mine Project (18km from the Project area); Eagle Downs Coal Project (2 km from the Project area); Middlemount Coal Project (3 km from the Project area); Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 96

110 Eaglefield Expansion Project (on the boundary of the Project area); and Codrilla Coal Mine Project (within the Project area). During operations and either as a result of the post mining open cut voids or the underground goafed areas, all of these projects are likely to result in localised depressurisation of the groundwater around the sites. Most coal mine projects in the Bowen Basin are located on the western limb of the basin, targeting the Permian coal seams. Predictive groundwater modelling in the Moranbah area indicates that groundwater drawdown, within the confined target coal seams, could potentially extend 5 to 30 km outwards as a result of mine dewatering and associated depressurisation. Drawdown within the coal seams generally corresponds to the seam floor elevations, approximately 0 to 240 m for open pit mines and between 100 and 400 m for underground mines. Approximately 40 open pit and underground coal mines operate within the Bowen Basin (see the Groundwater Model Technical Report (Appendix M) of the EIS). A review of publicly available mine data within the Project area yielded insufficient information on the forty mines (i.e. geometries, schedules and dewatering rates) to enable the accurate modelling of their cumulative groundwater impacts. Consequently, cumulative impacts of this coal mining are not able to be included in the proposed numerical groundwater model of the Project. The Project will operate concurrently with the Moranbah Gas Project and private groundwater users in the Bowen Basin. The cumulative impacts of these groundwater users may, therefore, be relevant. During the detailed Project planning phases, locations within the Project area that could potentially be constrained or restricted for development purposes will be identified based on the sensitivity of the groundwater environmental values to be protected. That is, the sensitivity of the environmental values will be used to define areas where differing levels of control are required as follows: Development can proceed with standard mitigation measures in areas of low constraint and low value-sensitivity; Development can proceed with some additional mitigation measures (in addition to standard controls) in areas of moderate constraint and moderate value-sensitivity; Development can proceed with site-specific mitigation measures (in addition to standard controls) in areas of high constraint and high value-sensitivity; and Development is prohibited (i.e. defined as a no go area) in areas of very high constraint and very high value-sensitivity as dictated by conservation status and statutory requirements. Project activities that may impact upon groundwater values will be assigned one of the above controls, including: Low constraint; Moderately constrained; or Highly constrained. No go area.after CSG operations are completed, the groundwater system will re-adjust over the longterm. However, due to relatively low rates of diffuse recharge into the Permian-Triassic outcrops (including the coal seams), the pre-development conditions appear to involve relatively low rates of regional groundwater flow through the deep aquifers, and effectively zero regional flow through the Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 97

111 deep aquitards. Consequently, post-closure recovery is likely to be relatively slow and the natural or base-line conditions are unlikely to be re-established within a time frame less than a thousand years (approximately). This interpretation is confirmed by numerical groundwater modelling which shows that significant recovery occurs over a time-frame measured in millennia. Further, the rate of groundwater recovery may be slowed even more by the mining operations discussed in this section. The significance of the cumulative groundwater impacts is considered to be low. Z Specific Management Management measures for groundwater across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 20. Table 20 Management Measures for Groundwater across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Reduced flows to groundwater-dependent ecosystems and areas of cultural and spiritual importance; Reduced groundwater supply to existing or future groundwater users; Diminished groundwater quality; Altered groundwater flow patterns impacting supply to third-party users, groundwater-dependent ecosystems and areas of cultural and spiritual importance; Diminished rainwater infiltration and reduced aquifer recharge; and Land subsidence affecting surface water systems and landforms. Environmental objectives Protect important local aquifers; Maintain sufficient quantity and quality of surface waters to protect existing beneficial downstream uses inclusive of maintenance of in-stream biota and the littoral zone; and Minimise impacts on flooding levels and frequencies both upstream and downstream of the Project. Performance criteria Groundwater-dependent ecosystems and areas of cultural and spiritual importance are not adversely affected; Existing groundwater users are not adversely affected; Groundwater quality in aquifers above and below the alloon Coal Measures is not adversely affected; Natural groundwater flow patterns are maintained through use of smallest practicable project footprints; and Respond to potential impacts related to land subsidence based on the results of any measured surface deformation and subsidence resulting from CSG extraction activities. Implementation strategy for planning and design Inspect and observe site locations for the presence of contamination prior to commencement of intrusive activities [B277]. Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 98

112 codes of practice for the design and installation of infrastructure associated with the storage of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B178]. Avoid development on contaminated land through the completion of appropriate register searches and desktop investigations (i.e., avoid land or the contaminated portion of a parcel of land that is listed on the CLR or the EMR, where practicable) [B278]. Conduct physical investigations on selected parcels of land to influence facility siting decisions on a localised scale (i.e., target the portion of land that is not contaminated by understanding the extent of contamination) [B279]. Prepare baseline assessment plans for each tenure prior to the commencement of production as per the ater Act Prepare an underground water impact report including a water monitoring strategy with spring impact management strategy for each tenure [B236]. Consider local groundwater and surface water conditions when identifying sites for CSG water storage dams, treated water facilities and associated brine storage facilities, production facilities and related storage areas [B353]. Consider local groundwater conditions when identifying sites for the installation of underground infrastructure (e.g. gathering lines). Install pipelines in accordance with relevant standards [B252]. Avoid unnecessary impervious surface coverings and minimise land footprint and vegetation clearing when designing facilities [B253]. Install an appropriate regional groundwater monitoring network (that satisfies Arrow s obligations as described in each Underground ater Impact Report (UIR)) to [B245]: establish current groundwater level and groundwater quality conditions; assess natural variation (i.e. Seasonal variations) in groundwater levels; monitor groundwater levels during operational phase; monitor groundwater quality during operational phase; establish suitable datum levels for each aquifer system; target sensitive areas where more frequent monitoring and investigation is required (e.g. groundwater dependent ecosystems); monitor groundwater depressurisation as a result of CSG extraction; and monitor impacts in accordance with the UIR for each tenure, ater Act 2000 and regulations. Perform groundwater modelling simulations to predict impacts on groundwater resources in overlying and underlying aquifers. This information will subsequently be used to evaluate the suitability of these resources for use in make-good measures [B241]. Design and construct new regulated dams (either raw water, treated water Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 99

113 Implementation strategy for construction or brine dams) in accordance with the requirements of the most recent version of Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams and under the supervision of a suitably qualified and experienced person, and in accordance with relevant EHP schedule of conditions relating to dam design, construction, inspection and mandatory reporting requirements [B255]. To ensure groundwater depressurisation is not impacting the connectivity between the Blackwater Group and other aquifers, continue the investigative program that monitors / quantifies this connectivity [B244]. Develop a strategy to manage groundwater drawdown and changes in groundwater quality that could impact on groundwater dependent ecosystems and natural springs [B246]. Construct, calibrate and refine a groundwater model to suitably simulate the groundwater values and provide accurate estimates of impact [B263]. Define and undertake a program of aquifer testing in dedicated groundwater monitoring wells to reduce areas of uncertainty and aim to quantify aquifer properties and groundwater velocities / inter-aquifer flows [B243]. Compile a robust baseline data set for [B262]: determining natural fluctuation, both water level and hydrochemistry; and evaluating site-specific groundwater environmental values; Establish baseline data set of groundwater level and quality within significant aquifers in the Project area to enable future comparison (during and at end of Project) [B237]. Construct all CSG production wells in accordance with the standards described in the P&G Act and regulations to that Act [B249]. Construct all monitoring wells in accordance with the Minimum Construction Requirements for ater Bores in Australia (National Minimum Bore Specifications Committee, 2003) and the minimum standards for the construction and reconditioning of water bores that intersect the sediments of artesian basins in Queensland (EHP, 2012) [B250]. Select drilling fluids to minimise potential groundwater impacts. Do not use oil-based drilling fluids [B251]. Store and manage all waste materials (domestic and industrial) in accordance with industry regulations and EHP EA conditions. Use licensed waste management contractors. Conduct audits of disposal facilities, disposal permits and onsite operations to ensure adherence to regulations [B254]. Avoid disturbance of contaminated soil and groundwater when it is identified or observed during intrusive works [B280]. Manage contaminated soil or groundwater that cannot be avoided through physical investigation; manage quantification of the type, severity and extent of contamination; and remediate or managed in accordance with the Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 100

114 Queensland Government s Draft Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Contaminated Land 1998 [B088]. Implementation strategy for operations Develop and implement emergency response and spill response procedures to minimise any impacts that could occur as a result of releases of hazardous materials or any loss of containment of storage equipment [B084]. Incorporate into an emergency response plan or water management plan procedures for the controlled discharge of CSG water [B345]. A groundwater monitoring program will be developed that can anticipate the spread of groundwater drawdown to stakeholder bores and environmental values within and beyond the tenement boundaries [B259]. Develop a procedure for investigating the impaired capacity of third-party bores. The investigation will be comprised (but not limited to) the following phased investigation response [B247]: verify groundwater levels in the nominated bores and investigate groundwater levels and groundwater quality in compliance monitoring bores against established trigger thresholds; request bore information and groundwater data from affected parties; review and assess data; and advise bore owners in writing of findings. Make good measures to be implemented will be negotiated between Arrow and the bore owner depending on the aforementioned factors and may include [B240]: modifying the pumping infrastructure of the bore; modifying or deepening the bore; installing a new bore into the same aquifer; installing a new bore into another aquifer; supplying an alternative source of water; and monetary compensation. Following completion of a bore assessment for at risk bores a program of monitoring to confirm the findings of the bore assessment will be implemented. Make good measures will be implemented if the bore assessment and subsequent monitoring indicates the bore(s) is likely to experience an impaired capacity. Make good measures will be evaluated by considering several factors of the impaired bore and will be negotiated between Arrow and the bore owner [B275]. Connect wastewater and sewerage systems to sewers where locally present. Alternatively, install wastewater treatment or reuse systems in accordance with AS / NZS 1547:2012 On-site Domestic astewater Management, the Framework for managing sewerage infrastructure to reduce overflows and environmental impacts (EPA and QPS, 2010); and Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 101

115 Queensland water recycling guidelines (DERM, 2012d) [B281]. Develop an early warning system that identifies areas potentially impacted by Project activities and allows early intervention (e.g. placement of monitoring bores in critical locations) [B267]. Undertake periodic integrity checks to ensure well construction [B285]. Develop a groundwater monitoring strategy to identify trends in groundwater levels [B248]. To assess alteration to groundwater, quality and quantity, over the life of the Project (construction, operations, and post-closure) to evaluate possible environmental harm and if necessary implement corrective action [B264]. Provide a configuration of monitoring bores that allows identification of drawdown across the Project development area and within all key aquifers [B265]. Gain further understanding of aquifer interactions and verify the understanding of regional hydrogeology [B266]. Implementation strategy for decommissioning Decommission or repair all production wells and monitoring bores, either at the end of their operating life span or in the event of a failed integrity test in accordance with the minimum construction requirements for water bores in Australia (LBC and NMBSC, 2003) and the P&G Act and regulations to that act. Should production wells be converted into monitoring bores, do so in accordance with relevant regulations [B284]. Inspection and monitoring Monitoring will be conducted in compliance with relevant standards, but at a minimum, a suitable network of shallow (seepage) monitoring bores will be installed adjacent to water and waste storage facilities to ensure effectiveness of seepage mitigation designs. The number of monitoring bores and their location will take into account site-specific hydrogeology, preferential pathways, and potential receptors of impacts [B272]. Monitoring bores installed near dams will monitor groundwater levels, electrical conductivity values, ph, TDS, major cations, and major anions to allow preparation of piper plots and interpretation of results over time [B273]. Install an appropriate regional groundwater monitoring network (that satisfies Arrow's obligations as described in each UIR) to [B245]: establish current groundwater level and groundwater quality conditions; assess natural variation (i.e., seasonal variations) in groundwater levels; monitor groundwater levels during the operational phase; monitor groundwater quality during the operational phase; establish suitable datum levels for each aquifer system; target sensitive areas where more frequent monitoring and investigation is required (e.g., groundwater-dependent ecosystems); monitor groundwater depressurisation as a result of CSG extraction; and monitor impacts in accordance with the UIR for each tenure, ater Act Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 102

116 2000 and regulations. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. It is considered that a structured database will host all the groundwater data (including groundwater levels and groundwater quality). Groundwater monitoring reporting will be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the administering authority. Reports will be submitted annually and will provide comment on: Changes (augmentation and alteration) to the groundwater monitoring network; Recent groundwater monitoring quality and water level results and trends; Comparison of background and baseline groundwater levels and modelled projected levels; and Recent model predictions of groundwater impacts. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.7 Surface ater This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts on surface water that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The Project area is represented by five main catchments within the Burdekin and Fitzroy Basins, as illustrated in Figure 18. The Isaac and Connors catchment, within the Fitzroy Basin, represents the majority of the Project area, with the remainder split between the Mackenzie River catchment (Fitzroy) and the Suttor and Bowen catchments (Burdekin). Figure 19 illustrates the main catchment watercourses within the Project area. All of the catchments traversed by the Project contain extensive ephemeral stream networks with flow periods generally restricted to the wet season period. The Mackenzie River at Riley s Crossing is the exception as it exhibits perennial characteristics with flows persisting during the dry season period. Stream flows within the Project area are characterised by large annual variations due to the seasonal and highly variable nature of rainfall. Stream flows generally occur during the wet season between November and March when the majority of rainfall occurs across the study area. During the prolonged dry season between April and October, flows ceased at the majority of the stream gauging locations, which is indicative of the ephemeral nature of many of the waterways within the study area. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 103

117 The hydrology of the watercourses flowing through the Project area has been extensively modified by dams, weirs and pumping infrastructure and land clearance to facilitate agricultural and grazing activities. The extent of these modifications varies between the basins. Bedload dominated systems are common in the upper portions of catchments within the study area, particularly in the headwaters of Isaac River, and north-western tributaries of Mackenzie River. These systems source sediment from high relief and bedrock in the headwaters, such as the Carborough Range in the upper portion of Isaac River, and Peak Range in the headwaters of Roper Creek. These areas represent the source zone within their respective catchments (Brierley and Fryirs, 2005). Riparian vegetation is highly impacted by agricultural activities throughout the study area, particularly as a result of grazing pressures. This has accelerated erosion in the source and transfer zones of the majority of the study catchments, and contributed to increased volumes of sediment transported to the lower portions of the catchments. As a result, the lower portions of the Isaac River and Connors River are anastomosing, where multiple channel threads meander freely across a floodplain that is over two km wide in places. The high sediment loads throughout the study catchments, including large volumes of sediment stored within channels, makes the study area susceptible to any changes in sediment supply and catchment flow regimes, particularly during high flow and flood events. The localised erosion impacts observed around existing structures (such as road and rail bridges) with foundations placed within channels, and the reaction of watercourses to the placement of sand and rip rap along banks and floodplains, have highlighted the sensitivity of the fluvial environment to external influences. The following environmental values are associated with the study area, in terms of fluvial geomorphology: High sediment load systems; significant volumes of sediment stored in channels during dry periods; Streams are sensitive to in-channel modifications such as placement of rock riprap; sand; and pile foundations; Floodplains are wide and often have one active channel, with additional channels that become active during flood conditions; and Anastomosing systems within the study area have unstable channels which may alter their course during high flow and flood events. The available water quality data showed that for the majority of the analytes measured in the study catchments, the concentrations were consistent with trigger values for slightly to moderately disturbed aquatic ecosystems. However the water quality data also identified a number of contaminants which consistently exceeded the water quality objectives for watercourses within the study area. Occasional exceedences of the water quality objective were recorded in samples collected from the Mackenzie River North-estern Tributaries and the Mackenzie River Southern Tributaries. There is a potential that the existing electrical conductivity levels recorded at these locations would significantly constrain opportunities for the discharge of untreated CSG water from the Project. The reason for these exceedences is unclear but there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that it is most likely due to a combination of naturally elevated background concentrations and the effect of land clearing and land use practices associated with the existing development within the study area. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 104

118 147 0'0"E 148 0'0"E 149 0'0"E 150 0'0"E 151 0'0"E ABBOT POINT 20 0'0"S 20 0'0"S COLLINSVILLE Study Area Location (not to scale) 21 0'0"S MACKAY 21 0'0"S GLENDEN NEBO 22 0'0"S MORANBAH 22 0'0"S DYSART CLERMONT MIDDLEMOUNT MARLBOROUGH 23 0'0"S TIERI 23 0'0"S ROCKHAMPTON EMERALD BLACKATER DUARINGA GLADSTONE 24 0'0"S 24 0'0"S 147 0'0"E 148 0'0"E 149 0'0"E 150 0'0"E 151 0'0"E This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / :3,000,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) km Town Bowen Gas Project Tenements Drainage Division Drainage Basin Catchments Other Catchments Bowen River Isaac-Connors River Mackenzie River Suttor River Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT CATCHMENT CONTET ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2119.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 18 A4

119 S01S36 Eungella Dam iv er S33 S06 Su tto rr A ) S04 Burton Gorge Dam S05 Lake Elphinstone Teviot Creek Dam S A ) S10 ) A A ) A S08 ) S37 rs R ac ) n no S14 a Is r r ive A ve Ri S35 Co A S09 ) S A S20 S19 S17-23 ) S16-23 S22 Mackenzie River S A ) Nogoa River A ) et R iv e r S25 This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. Co m Fairbairn Dam S / km 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Bowen River Tributaries Lower Isaac River Tributaries Suttor River Tributaries Connors River Central Tributaries ) DERM S Gauges Isaac River Main Channel Mackenzie River North-estern Tributaries S Locations Isaac River Northern Tributaries Mackenzie River Main Channel Isaac River estern Upland Tributaries Mackenzie River Southern Tributaries Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN LEASE AREA, SURFACE ATER MONIORING LOCATIONS AND STUDY CATCHMENTS BOEN GAS PROJECT SURFACE ATER File No: g-2120.mxd Figure: Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Rev. B 19 A4

120 Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts to surface water values from associated Project activities are described for each Project phase. Construction The construction phase is considered to comprise construction of infrastructure to support the Project including installation of wells, gathering lines, dams and construction of processing and compression facilities. Potential impacts associated with the construction phase include: Sediment mobilised during construction activities may enter surface water runoff during rainfall events and discharge to watercourses, leading to adverse effects on water quality. Sediment exposed or generated during construction may also be carried by wind into surface water bodies. Additionally there is the potential for the presence of high levels of metals from soils that may enter watercourses as a consequence of sediment mobilisation. Poorly constructed watercourse crossings have the potential to cause both increased scour and sedimentation with potential adverse impacts on geomorphology. Increased bed scour can lead to adverse water quality impacts through increased turbidity. Mobilisation of contaminants from refuelling, chemical storage and wash-down areas: potentially contaminated drainage generated through these activities could enter into drainage lines, altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the receiving waters; and these pollutants can both affect the surrounding environment and have the potential to be a public health and safety issue. During flooding, construction infrastructure may obstruct flood flows. Further, flood water may become contaminated with fuels, oils and chemicals stored within construction sites and soils exposed during construction activities. Release of drilling muds and hydraulic stimulation fluids into watercourses may lead to water quality degradation though increased sediment and contaminant loads. Improper disposal of construction wastes may result in fouling and contamination of surface water resources. Potentially elevated concentrations of contaminants in hydrotest water could have adverse impacts on the receiving surface water environment if it is improperly disposed of. Inadequate dust suppression resulting in windborne dust / sediment and subsequent surface water quality degradation. Excessive use of saline CSG water for dust suppression may increase the salinity in runoff. Operation The potential impacts associated with the operational phase of the Project includes: Permanent structures, minor earthworks, unsealed sites, laydown areas and disturbed (incompletely rehabilitated) areas may result in localised erosion and sediment mobilisation to waterways. Mobilised sediment may enter surface water runoff during rainfall events and discharge to watercourses, leading to adverse effects on water quality. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 107

121 Potentially contaminated drainage generated through during refuelling, chemical storage and wash-down areas could enter into drainage lines, altering the physical and chemical characteristics of the receiving waters. These pollutants can both affect the surrounding environment and have the potential to be a public health and safety issue. Failure of water storages and / or transfer pipelines may lead to adverse water quality impacts for downstream receiving waters, ecosystems and landholders including: discharge of poor water quality compared to the water quality of the receiving environment; and erosion and sedimentation at failure locations. The persistent controlled release of treated CSG water can lead to: altered flow regimes by introducing additional flows with potential impacts on geomorphology through altered sediment and erosion patterns within the stream channel; altered riparian vegetation and aquatic species through changed flow patterns and water quality; adverse impacts on water quality and aquatic ecosystems from uncontrolled releases of CSG water, particularly where an uncontrolled release coincides with low or no stream flow; and localised erosion and sedimentation at CSG water release point(s) due to bed scour. Improper disposal of operational wasted may result in fouling and contamination of surface water resources. Discharges of treated sewage effluent can lead to: oily or greasy surface waters and depletion of oxygen levels leading to fish kills; increased pathogens such as faecal coliforms can compromise aquatic ecosystems and human health; increases in dissolved solids from discharges may alter the salinity of freshwater thereby impacting on the health of existing aquatic flora and fauna and riparian ecosystems; increased total dissolved solids when applied to land for irrigation can also negatively interfere with soil-water relationships; watercourse contamination from increased nitrogen, phosphorus, toxicants (heavy metals and chlorinated organics) and suspended solids; increased nutrients causing blue-green algal blooms, which have associated biotoxic effects to aquatic ecosystems; and other impacts to watercourses which may impact on recreational values include odour emissions, foul water taste to swimmers and harvested biota i.e. fishing. Decommissioning The potential impacts associated with the decommissioning phase of the Project include: Pipeline failures resulting in the discharge of poor water quality (compared to the water quality of the receiving environment). Erosion and sedimentation may also occur at failure locations. Ground disturbance during the removal of above ground infrastructure may result in erosion and sediment mobilisation to watercourses. Mobilised sediment may enter surface water runoff during rainfall events and discharge to watercourses, leading to adverse effects on water quality. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 108

122 Inadequate rehabilitation of disturbed areas may result in ongoing erosion and sediment mobilisation with subsequent impacts on the downstream receiving environment. Z Specific Management Avoidance, mitigation and management measures have been proposed to achieve the identified environmental and social protection objectives. Management measures for surface water across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 21. Table 21 Management Measures for Surface ater across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Changes to physical form; Changes to hydrology; and Surface water quality degradation. Environmental objectives To maintain the physical integrity, fluvial processes and morphology of watercourses and wetlands; To maintain sufficient quantities of water within watercourses to protect existing downstream beneficial uses of those waters; To maintain the quality of water in streams and pools so that existing and potential environmental values, including biological integrity, are protected; To ensure that the quality and quantity of water emissions does not adversely affect environmental values or the health, welfare and amenity of people and land uses and does meet statutory requirements and acceptable standards; To ensure water resources used for public water supply are protected in accordance with the Australian Drinking ater Guidelines (NHMRC and NRMMC 2011); To maintain the integrity, ecological functions and environmental values of wetlands; and Maintenance of sufficient quality of surface waters to protect existing beneficial downstream users of those waters. Performance criteria Avoid permanent impact to the physical form or hydrology of watercourses as a result of Project activities. Avoid unauthorised release of contaminants directly or indirectly into watercourses. Implementation strategy for planning and design atercourse crossings to be designed minimise impacts on geomorphology and river flows [B286]; Locate Project infrastructure with consideration of downstream values [B340]; here practical, major facilities will be constructed above the 1:100 flood level [B287]; Develop, implement and maintain a waste management plan for the Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 109

123 disposal of wastes produced as a result of drilling activities [B289]; Develop a site-specific Erosion and Sediment Control plans to include [B290]: localised erosion and sediment control and energy dissipation structures; and stabilise exposed areas; Implementation strategy for construction Storage and refuelling areas to be designed to minimise the ingress of stormwater [B291]. Areas of disturbed or exposed soil will be managed to reduce sediment mobilisation and erosion [B292]. Topsoil will be stockpiled away from drainage lines to reduce chances of erosion [B294]. Vegetation clearing will not be carried out during heavy rainfall [B295]. Dust suppression measures will be implemented [B296]. Vehicle wash-downs will be located away from drainage lines or watercourses [B297]. Regular inspections of pipelines and roads alignments will be undertaken to ensure that disturbed surfaces are stable and not subject to concentration of flows or erosion. Repair works will be undertaken proactively to prevent erosion from occurring or worsening [B298]. As soon as practical following pipe laying, the trench will be backfilled with excavated material, compacted and topsoil replaced, and erosion controls implemented [B299]. Minimise potential impacts on surface waters through implementation of the following measures during construction of watercourse crossings [B300]: watercourse crossings should be timed to occur during the dry season during periods of low flow, where possible; construction of watercourse crossings will be conducted in the shortest possible time and in accordance with the DERM (2012a) Guideline Activities in a watercourse, lake or spring carried out by an entity. avoid disrupting overland natural flow paths and, where avoidance is not practicable, maintain connectivity of flow in watercourses; delay clearance of stream banks until the watercourse crossing is due to be constructed, to the greatest extent practicable. Implement appropriate erosion and sediment control measures on watercourse approaches and banks and ensure prompt completion of construction; check for flood warnings or subscribe to flood warning services where relevant during construction of watercourse crossings; construct watercourse crossings in a manner that minimises sediment release to watercourses, stream bed scouring (e.g., the crossing location will be at low-velocity, straight sections, with the pipeline or road Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 110

124 orientated as near to perpendicular to water flow as practicable), obstruction of water flows and disturbance of stream banks and riparian vegetation (i.e., the crossing location will be at a point of low velocity, and straight sections will be targeted, with the pipeline or road orientated as near to perpendicular to water flow as practicable). Avoid, where practicable, the use of rock gabions, as they are unsuited to watercourses of the region; all crossings will be constructed and reinstated to ensure that flows are not impeded and water is not ponded by the crossing. here the temporary damming of flows is necessary during construction then flow will be diverted where required to maintain flows and allow for fish movement; minimise the number of channels to be crossed; avoid permanent pools; avoid mid-channel alluvial bars and islands; stockpile watercourse bed material in the watercourse channel adjacent to the construction Ro only when the watercourse is dry, and site the stockpile to avoid impacts on riparian vegetation and in-stream features; retain coarse alluvial material from watercourse crossings for backfill armouring over the finer unconsolidated material; stabilise watercourse crossings as soon as possible using bedrock where available; and rehabilitate and revegetate banks as soon as possible after construction. Temporary and permanent chemical and fuel storage areas to be appropriately bunded in accordance with relevant Australian standards (e.g. AS 1940) [B302]. All transfers of fuels and chemicals will be controlled to prevent spillage outside bunded areas [B303]. Refuelling to occur in accordance with AS 1940 at a distance of greater than 50 m from any watercourses [B304]. All vehicles, plant and equipment to be checked regularly for fuel tank and line failures [B305]. Bunds and sumps should be frequently drained and treated / disposed of appropriately [B306]. Contaminants and major spillages to be collected by a licensed waste collection and transport contractor for disposal at a licensed facility [B307]. Contaminated soil to be removed and remediated [B308]. Spill clean-up kits in accordance with AS 1940 and AS 3780 to be located in appropriate locations, including where required inside machinery and vehicles [B309]. In the event of a spill occurring, ensure it is controlled, contained and cleaned up to prevent the mobilisation of pollutants in drainage lines or watercourses [B310]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 111

125 Implementation strategy for operations A drilling waste management plan will be developed to ensure that drilling wastes are managed accordingly [B311]. A hydrostatic testing strategy will be developed to manage hydrotest activities [B312]. Dust suppression water quality will meet the prescribed specification prior to use so that water does not pool on the surface, or enter surface waterways via surface runoff [B313]. Operate and maintain appropriate sediment detention measures for overland flow from disturbed areas [B314]. Undertake routine inspection and maintenance of existing erosion and sediment control measures [B315]. Design surface flows from unsealed areas to flow to adjacent grassed areas at low velocities [B316]. Hazardous chemical bunds and sumps should be emptied after each rainfall event to maintain capacity requirements as per AS 1940.ater and oily water from fuel and oil storage areas removed from bunds and sumps should be appropriately treated and/or disposed of appropriately [B318]. Contaminants and major spills should be collected by a licensed waste collection and transport contractor for disposal at a licensed facility [B319]. Spill clean-up kits are to be located in appropriate locations, based on the risk of a spill occurring and potential volume of material that might be spilled at the particular location [B320]. orkers involved in storage, handling and management of fuels and chemicals are to receive training in spill prevention and control [B321]. Instructions on spill containment and clean-up to be available at refuelling locations and in vehicles where there is a moderate risk associated with spill events [B322]. Spills are to be contained and cleaned up as soon as practical to prevent the mobilisation of pollutants in drainage lines or watercourses [B323]. astewater from the vehicle wash-down should be treated and recirculated for use in the wash-down facility [B324]. Establish water quality monitoring stations upstream and downstream of discharge points to watercourses as part of a monitoring program to ensure compliance with EA conditions and relevant standards [B325]. Design and construction supervision of regulated dam embankments undertaken by a suitably qualified and experience engineer (as defined by EHP) [B326]. Rapid stabilisation of constructed regulated dam embankments through the implementation of suitable erosion controls [B327]. Annual regulated dam inspections to be undertaken by a suitably qualified and experience engineer (as defined by EHP) [B363]. An Effluent Irrigation Management Plan is prepared for any effluent irrigation area [B328]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 112

126 Implementation strategy for decommissioning Management and maintenance of the sewage treatment plant must be carried out by a person(s) with appropriate experience and/or qualifications to ensure the effective operation of that treatment system [B329]. Monitoring of effluent discharge points and records kept for follow up management [B330]. Treated effluent from the sewage treatment plant must only be discharged for irrigation in compliance with the requirements for Class C (refer to the DERM (2005) Queensland ater Recycling Guidelines) [B331]. Releases of effluent must not have any properties nor contain any organisms or other contaminants in concentrations that are capable of causing environmental harm [B332]. Treated effluent must not be released from the site to any waters or the bed and banks of any waters [B333]. ater or storm water contaminated by sewage treatment activities must not be released to any waters or the bed and banks of any waters (i.e. effluent irrigation must not occur during rainfall events) [B334]. hen conditions prevent the discharge of the treated effluent for irrigation (such as during or following rain events), the contaminants must be directed to an emergency / wet weather storage or alternative measures must be taken to store or lawfully dispose of effluent (such as wet weather storage or tanking off site to another treatment plant or sewer) [B335]. Spill containment procedures will be implemented in response to releases of contaminated water as a consequence of pipeline failures [B336]. Implement best practice erosion and sediment control measures during decommissioning works in accordance with the requirements of the IECA (2008) Best Practice Erosion and Sediment Control manual [B337]. Separate clean water and impacted water from active and rehabilitated areas [B338]. Develop and implement a rehabilitation management plan for decommissioning which includes monitoring and maintenance of rehabilitated areas until rehabilitation is complete [B339]. Inspection and monitoring Establish water quality monitoring stations upstream and downstream of discharge points to watercourses as part of a monitoring program to ensure compliance with EA conditions and relevant standards [B325]. Regular inspections of pipeline and roads alignments will be undertaken to ensure that disturbed surfaces are stable and not subject to concentration of flows or erosion. Repair works will be undertaken proactively to prevent erosion from occurring or worsening [B298]. Auditing Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 113

127 Reporting Corrective action Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.8 CSG ater This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts of CSG water that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values CSG water from the Bowen Basin is predicted to have the following characteristics: The water is alkaline with ph values typically ranging between 7 to 10; Salinity, measured as total dissolved solids (TDS), in the range of 3,000 to 8,000 mg/l (EC 5,000 13,000 µs/cm) dominated by sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate / sodium carbonate (depending on ph value) salts; Significant amounts of suspended solids from the well that usually settle out in a feed water dam over time, however weather (including rain and wind) can affect the mixing and therefore the pretreatment requirements; Other ions including calcium, magnesium, potassium, fluoride, ferrous iron, barium, strontium, bromide, silica and sulphate; and Trace metals and low levels of nutrients and microorganisms. The quality of the CSG water will be monitored as the Project progresses; however development is planned with the assumption that similar water quality and salt concentrations will be observed across the Project area. Feed water characterisation studies are ongoing using pilot well data in advance of treatment facility design. An estimation of water production over the life of the Bowen Basin is illustrated in Figure 20 below. These water production curves may change as the Project progresses. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 114

128 Figure 20 Estimate of CSG ater Production throughout life of the Bowen Basin - Bowen Basin Total ater ML/d Area 20 Area 16 Area 14 Area 15 Area 13 Area 10 Area 19 Area 9B Area 18 Area 17B Area 12 Area 17A Area 11B Area 11A Area 9A Area 8 Area 7 Area 6 Area 5 Area 4 0 Coal Seam Gas ater and Salt Management Strategy Arrow s water and salt management strategy has been developed in line with the Queensland EHP s Coal Seam Gas ater Management Policy (DERM, 2010) 1. This policy is supported by recent legislative changes and is implemented through the EA conditions imposed upon Arrow s operations and projects. Arrow s water management strategy seeks to maximise beneficial use of CSG water and minimise the environmental impacts associated with water use and disposal. It also seeks (where possible) to manage CSG water in such a way as to mitigate the impacts of groundwater depressurisation on groundwater users. In order to achieve these objectives, the CSG water produced as a result of undertaking CSG extraction activities will be managed through a hierarchy of management options. 1 The DERM Coal Seam Gas ater Management Policy 2010 was superseded by the DEHP Coal Seam Gas ater Management Policy 2012 on the 21/12/2012, subsequent to the compilation of the Draft Bowen Gas Project EIS. Arrow are reviewing the updated policy at the time of the Bowen Gas Project EIS being published, and may undertake further amendments to the Arrow CSG ater and Salt Management Strategy (Appendix AA) in keeping with the updated DEHP policy, as part of a supplementary report to the EIS. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 115

129 CSG ater Management Options An overview of the CSG water management strategy proposed during operations is given in Figure 21, which illustrates the preferred and potential management options for CSG water and associated brine / salt, including treatment, storage, beneficial use and disposal. The management options presented below apply to treated and untreated water. Untreated water may be suitable for any of the beneficial use options identified in Figure 21, depending upon the water quality requirements of the end user. Investigations indicate that there is limited demand for the beneficial use of untreated CSG water in the Project area. The following risks and uncertainties are considered when determining Arrow s hierarchy of CSG water management options: Production profile water volume forecasts differ across basins and the confidence in predictions also varies depending upon the extent of exploration and field development activities. The CSG water management options will consider basin-specific conditions, and in some cases, further observations of reservoir behaviour are necessary to better inform the model and increase confidence levels in forecast volumes. Timing and quantity of water production is highly dependent upon the timing and extent of CSG development within each development area. The water management options must be tailored to the development plans and have the flexibility to meet a range of outcomes. Commercial agreements to enter into contractual arrangements, a high level of certainty is required, specifically in terms of the following: available water volumes; the timing of water availability; and the ability to guarantee that water quality characteristics are fit for the intended application, for example for third-party irrigation, where the water quality must be suitable for the soil type and the intended crop. Approvals the water management options must be continually revised to meet regulatory requirements into the future, while retaining flexibility to meet a range of outcomes. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 116

130 Treated (and balanced) water System losses (evaporation) 2 ML/D average 3 ML/D peak 17 ML/D average 24ML/D peak Untreated water storage ponds ATER MANAGEMENT OPTION 0 to 2ML/D average 17 to 24ML/D average 0 to 5ML/D average Injection (deep aquifers) Discharge to watercourses Ocean outfall BRINE MANAGEMENT OPTION Selective salt percipitation Injection (suitable formation) Ocean outfall t/a average Mt/a peak Suitably licensed landfill t/a average t/a peak 3700t/a average 5400t/a peak BENEFICIAL USE Agricultural uses (irrigation and stock watering) Industrial uses (construction and processing) Urban uses (town water supply) Reverse osmosis plant Coal seam gas production wells New uses This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. A 2 ML/D average 3ML/D peak As required within prescribed limits 20ML/D average 30ML/D peak Salt products (NaCI/NaCO 3 ) for use in industrial processes As required within prescribed limits As required within prescribed limits Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. Brine Note: solid lines indicate Arrow s preferred option; dotted lines indicate less favoured options. Untreated CSG water that meets prescribed limitts may be suitable for beneficial use A BOEN GAS PROJECT CONCEPTUAL CSG ATER MANAGEMENT OVERVIE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Figure: 21 File No: g-2122.cdr Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Rev. C A4

131 Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts related to the management of CSG water throughout all phases of the Project include: Diminished surface water and groundwater quality and subsequent impacts on ecosystems and third-party users (including users downstream); and Altered physical form and changes to hydrology within watercourses. Other impacts related to the treatment, storage, beneficial use and disposal of CSG water and its byproducts are included in the following sections: Section Z.4.2 Geology, Landform and Soils; Section Z.4.4 Terrestrial Ecology; Section Z.4.5 Aquatic Ecology; Section Z.4.6 Groundwater; Section Z.4.7 Surface ater; and Section Z.4.9 Dams. Z Specific Management Management measures for CSG water across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 22. Table 22 Management Measures for CSG ater across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Diminished surface water quality; Diminished groundwater quality; Diminished soil quality; Altered physical form and changes to hydrology within watercourses due to discharge of CSG water to watercourses; Altered surface water supply and quality to downstream users due to discharge of CSG water to watercourses; and Altered aquatic and terrestrial ecological processes. Environmental objectives To maximise beneficial use of CSG water and brine; and To minimise impacts to the receiving environment associated with CSG water use and disposal. Performance criteria Beneficially use the majority of CSG water; No releases of CSG water or brine to watercourses or land except under authorised and controlled (emergency) situations; and Compliance with water quality objectives and no permanent impact to the physical form or hydrology of watercourses as a result of Project activities. Common implementation strategy for all phases Identify strategies to minimise CSG water surface storage and to promote increased efficiency [B342]; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 118

132 Implementation strategy for planning and design Implementation strategy for operations Ensure CSG water used for dust suppression on roads or for construction and operation activities is treated if required [B343]; Develop and continually maintain the CSG water management plan throughout the Project life to optimise the investigation and implementation of the potential CSG water management options in alignment with the overall Project development [B344]; and Incorporate into an emergency response plan or water management plan procedures for the controlled discharge of CSG water [B345]. Design discharge structures to minimise erosion of the bed and banks of the receiving waterway by implementing erosion controls, including energy dissipation structures, at discharge outlets at the point of discharge [B346]. Incorporate into an emergency response plan or water management plan procedures for the controlled discharge of CSG water [B345]. Employ beneficial use options for CSG water wherever practical [B347]; Undertake specific investigations to assess the assimilative capacity of the receiving environment at proposed discharge locations [B348]; All water for discharge from the site will meet approved discharge criteria [B349]; Ensure that antiscalants or other chemicals used within the reverse osmosis process are captured within the reject waste stream [B350]; Design discharge structures to minimise erosion of the bed and banks of the receiving waterway by implementing erosion controls, including energy dissipation structures, at discharge outlets, at the point of discharge [B346]; and Incorporate into an emergency response plan or water management plan procedures for the controlled discharge of CSG water [B345]. Inspection and monitoring Measure the volume and quality of treated CSG water released to surface waters on a routine basis in accordance with regulatory requirements and approved release limits [B351]. Ensure that the quality of CSG water used for dust suppression meets the prescribed limits [B352]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 119

133 Z.4.9 Dams The following sections describe the requirements for regulated dams, including design, operation and safety. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values Dams are necessary for the storage of CSG water and brine that are produced as part of CSG extraction and CSG water treatment for the Project. In addition, water used for hydro-testing may be diverted to holding dams prior to release. ater storage dams will be assessed using the Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams prepared by DERM (2012b). If a dam is assessed as being in the significant or high-hazard category, it will be considered a regulated dam and will be registered with EHP. Each CGPF will contain a water transfer station, which comprises a water transfer dam and a pumping station. The water transfer station is used to manage the water received from field compression facilities via pipelines and directly from local gathering systems. A surge dam will also be constructed at each facility as part of this system to store water in the event of an emergency (e.g., the reverse osmosis plant is unavailable to accept water). The collected water is eventually pumped to an integrated processing facility for storage, treatment and disposal. The reverse osmosis treatment of water will produce concentrated brine, which will be stored in brine dams, which are considered to be regulated dams. ater storage requirements for each of the production facility types are shown in Table 23. Table 23 ater Storage Requirements for Production Facilities Production Facility ater Treatment and Storage FCF No CSG water treatment onsite, though will include a ater Transfer Station (storage tank and pumps) to facilitate transfer of water from the FCF to an IPF CGPF No CSG water treatment onsite; Pumping station; and 600 ML water transfer dam. IPF Reverse osmosis water treatment facility with a capacity of 20 ML/d; ater storage facilities to include: 600 ML aggregate dam; 600 ML treated water dam; and two 960 ML brine dams. Dam safety is controlled through dam safety guidelines, which will apply for all facilities forming part of the Project development. Dams will accordingly be designed and sized to account for predicted flood conditions. Each dam will be subject to separate approvals by the regulating authority. Each approval will require the incorporation of general and specific controls to avoid, mitigate or manage threats associated with flooding. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 120

134 Environmental values to be protected with regard to dams include: Land use capability, including maintaining the agricultural values of the land; The life, health and wellbeing of people; The diversity of ecological processes and associated ecosystems; The biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems and the suitability of waters for primary industry or recreational purposes; and The suitability of CSG water for use in agriculture. Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts of dams from associated Project activities include: Dust and noise emissions from earthworks and vehicular activity during construction; Loss of vegetation or habitat due to clearing requirements; Fauna mortality due to entrapment in dams; Salinisation of land surrounding dams due to spills, leaks and the inappropriate containment of CSG water or brine; Salinisation of shallow groundwater in the vicinity of dams due to the long-term seepage and migration of CSG water or brine; Disruption of overland flows; Surface water degradation and injury to people or property from a catastrophic release of a water storage dam; Loss of productive land through construction of dams; and External events, such as flooding, extreme rainfall events, earthquake or land subsidence, causing dam overflow and subsequent surface water degradation. Z Specific Management The primary mitigation measure will be to design, construct and monitor dams in accordance with the Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams (DERM, 2012b), Queensland standards and EHP guidelines. Management measures for dams across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 24. Table 24 Management Measures for Dams across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Impacts on land use relative to the footprint of the dam; Hazard to people if the dam overtops or fails; Impacts from salinity through leakage of untreated CSG water or of brine; Loss of habitat relative to the footprint of the dam; and Diminished surface and groundwater quality if the dam overtops or fails. Environmental objectives To ensure no uncontrolled release or leakage occurs and that CSG water and brine in regulated dams is appropriately managed. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 121

135 Performance criteria Operated and maintained in accordance with the certified design plan. Implementation strategy for planning and design Implementation strategy for construction Implementation strategy for operations Consider local groundwater and surface water conditions when identifying sites for CSG water storage dams, treated water facilities and associated brine storage facilities, production facilities and related storage areas [B353]. Reduce the impact of CSG water on soil structure and aquatic values, by designing and constructing wells in accordance with the Code of Practice for Constructing and Abandoning CSG wells in Queensland (DEEDI et al., 2011) [B168]. Design regulated dams in accordance with relevant legislation and Queensland standards and EHP guidelines [B355]. Use an independent, suitably qualified third party to certify that regulated dams meet the dam design plan [B356]. Apply dam operation plans, which will apply for all facilities forming part of the Project development [B357]. Have in place a system for the collection and proper disposal of any contaminants that move beyond the bounds of the containment system of brine dams [B358]. Develop the construction, design and monitoring requirements for new regulated dams (either raw water, treated water or brine dams) and determine the hazard category of the dam in accordance with the requirements of the most recent version of Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams (DERM, 2012b). Construct the dams under the supervision of a suitably qualified and experienced person in accordance with the relevant EHP schedule of conditions relating to dam design, construction, inspection and mandatory reporting requirements [B359]. Design dams to have an egress (escape point) for wildlife [B360]. Monitoring bores installed near regulated dams will have groundwater levels and electrical conductivity, TDS, EC, ph, major cations, major anions, bi-annual monitoring to allow preparation of piper plots and interpretation of results over time [B361]. Stabilisation of constructed dam embankments through the implementation of suitable erosion controls (e.g. hydromulch or similar) [B362]; Annual regulated dam inspections to be undertaken by a suitably qualified and experience engineer (as defined by EHP) [B363]; Apply dam operations plans, which will apply for all facilities forming part of the Project development; and If the cut and fill materials from dams is contaminated, soils will be excavated and treated and disposed of as described in Section Z.4.2 of this draft EM Plan [B364]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 122

136 Decommissioning here regulated dams are decommissioned and rehabilitated, their contents will be drained and disposed of at appropriately licensed waste facilities [B301]. Inspection and monitoring Apply dam operation plans, which will apply for all facilities forming part of the Project development [B357]; Have a suitably trained person routinely monitor water quality in dams, where required [B358]; and Annual regulated dam inspections to be undertaken by a suitably qualified and experience engineer (as defined by EHP) [B363]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.10 Noise and Vibration This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential environmental impacts relating to noise that are associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The environmental values stated in the Environmental Protection (Noise) Policy 2008 (EPP (Noise)) aim to preserve or enhance qualities of the acoustic environment in order to protect human health and wellbeing, ensure suitable environments to sleep, study or learn, be involved in recreation, relaxation and conversation, and protect the amenity of the community. The quality objectives considered in this assessment for sensitive receptors (dwellings), set to preserve the environmental values are: 50 db(a) LAeq,adj,1h externally and 35 db(a) internally during daytime or evening (7.00 am to pm); and 30 db(a) internally at night (10.00 pm to 7.00 am). Ten monitoring locations were used to describe different conditions of sensitive receptors in the Project area where the great majority are located within rural settings with very low background noise levels. The measurements were undertaken in accordance with the Noise Measurement Manual (EPA, 2000) and the assessment periods are those from Prescribing Noise Conditions for Environmental Authorities for Petroleum and Gas Activities (DERM, 2012c). Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 123

137 The determined representative daily background and ambient noise levels during the daytime, evening, night-time and early morning shoulder periods for each location are summarised in Table 25. Table 25 Summary of Unattended Monitoring Results Background Noise Levels LA90 (db(a)) Ambient Noise Levels LAeq (db(a)) Monitoring Location Day (7.00 am to 6.00 pm) Evening (6.00 pm to pm) Night (10.00 pm to 6.00 am) Early Morning (6.00 am to 7.00 pm) Day (7.00 am to 6.00 pm) Evening (6.00 pm to pm) Night (10.00 pm to 6.00 am) Early Morning (6.00 am to 7.00 pm) ML1: Valkyrie ML2: inchester ML3: Coppabella ML4: Kemmis ML5: Lanton Downs ML6: Hunter Street, Blackwater ML7: New Caledonia Homestead, Bluff ML8: Dunluce Homestead, Bluff ML9: Picardy Homestead, Dysart ML10: Cosmos Homestead, Dysart Background noise levels were found to be consistently low and typical of rural areas. The exception applies near towns such as Blackwater, Moranbah, Middlemount, Dysart, Coppabella and Glenden where typical suburban noise levels are observed during the daytime. Operator-attended noise measurements were undertaken during the field visits to verify the unattended measurements. The attended measurements confirmed that the background noise levels at all receptors were very low and consistent with the unattended monitoring. Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts to the acoustic environment from Project activities include: Environmental noise disturbance. This includes nuisance noise and background noise creep, which is when noise levels progressively creep higher over time; and Vibration-induced human discomfort and structural damage. Activities with the potential to cause these adverse impacts on the values of the acoustic environment during the construction, operations and decommissioning phases of the Project include the following: Construction of the production wells, which includes site preparation, drilling and well construction; Construction of the associated gas and water gathering pipelines; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 124

138 Construction of the medium- and high-pressure gas pipelines that connection production facilities to one another and with the sales gas pipeline; Construction of the production facilities, comprising the field compression facilities, central gas processing facilities and integrated processing facilities; Blasting during construction. Blasting is not anticipated during construction of the Project, but it was considered in the assessment should the need arise; Operation of the production wells and the production facilities; Operation of the power generators; Decommissioning of the production wells; Decommissioning of powerlines in the event that mains power is used to eliminate the need for a wellhead generator; and Decommissioning of the production facilities. Predicted Construction Noise, Vibration and Blasting Levels Construction equipment noise data sourced from AS and British Standard BS were used to predict noise levels at various setback distances from the site. The applicable noise criterion for daytime activities is 40 db(a). Noise from construction activities will at times exceed the long-term noise limit for receptors within 1 km of activities. Additional modelling may be warranted on a site specific basis to consider existing terrain screening at some locations. here required, mitigation measures are proposed to reduce the impact of construction noise. During the construction of the facilities, drilling is likely to produce the highest levels of vibration of the equipment to be used. Using a conservative assessment, human annoyance and building damage are not expected to occur at distances greater than 70 m from the sites. Drilling activities are anticipated at distances greater than 70 m of any sensitive receptor, therefore no negative impacts are predicted from vibration. Predicted Operational Noise Levels Operational noise was predicted for all the production facilities, with and without mitigation measures. The results were compiled based on setback distances from the production facilities. It can be observed that for the non-mitigated case, the most stringent noise criterion of 28 db(a) for night-time operations would only be achieved at distances of over 5 km. Predictions were assessed after the implementation of the acoustic treatment packages. As the majority of activities occur on a continuous basis, noise treatment will be designed to achieve the night-time criteria, which will result in noise levels in all other periods being significantly below the criteria. Mitigation packages were selected for each component to achieve the Project criteria at distances of one, two and three kilometres. Results have shown that, short-term noise sources (e.g. flaring noise) at the production facilities would not produce significant noise levels at distances greater than 2 km. Exceedences of up to 4 db(a) are predicted at 1 km of setback distance from the production facilities. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 125

139 For production wells and pipelines, the long-term Project noise criterion of 28 db(a) would be achieved at distances beyond approximately 300 m, with no mitigation implemented. In remote areas where the noise criteria are set based on the deemed background levels, noise from the Project will be greater than 5 db(a) above the background environment. In these instances, noise will be audible outside of dwellings and may cause some disturbance. In all instances, noise will comply with the objective environmental values. Indicative noise contours for an IPF are provided in Figure 22 and Figure 23, with and without mitigation. Predicted Operational Vibration During the operation of the facility, drilling is likely to produce the highest levels of vibration of the equipment to be used. Using a conservative assessment, human annoyance and building damage are not expected to occur at distances greater than 70 m from the sites. Notwithstanding this, it is expected that wells would be located at distances greater than 70 m from any sensitive receptor, and therefore vibration impacts are not anticipated. Off-Site Traffic Noise Increase in vehicle movements on public roads due to the Project would produce a negligible increase in noise level and therefore no exceedence of the nominated Code of Practice noise criterion is anticipated. Noise from individual vehicles may be audible at times. Low-Frequency Noise Predictions of low-frequency noise indicate that noise levels would be within the nominated internal noise criterion of 20 db(a). The operational scenarios include the acoustics treatment packages mentioned in the operational noise assessment with mitigation. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 126

140 5 km 3 km 2 km 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km 5 km This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / IPF noise source Project criterion - 28 db(a) Modelled noise level, db(a) Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT NOISE CONTOURS - ITHOUT MITIGATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2111.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 22 A4

141 5 km 3 km 2 km 1 km 1 km 2 km 3 km 5 km This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / IPF noise source Project criterion - 28 db(a) 5 Modelled noise level, db(a) Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. BOEN GAS PROJECT NOISE CONTOURS - ITH MITIGATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2112.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 23 A4

142 Z Specific Management Arrow will undertake the selection of locations for production facilities and wells on the basis of many criteria including environmental and engineering constraints, and the setback distances for noise will be one of them [B365]. This is consistent with the EPP (Noise) management hierarchy whereby avoidance must be considered first. During the detailed design of the production facilities, the mitigation packages will be selected based on the attenuation required to achieve the Project criteria at the nearest receptor [B366]. Packages in this report have been identified based on fixed distances from the facilities. The noise levels from the final design will be modelled to confirm that compliance with the Project criteria is still predicted [B367]. This modelling will include any terrain screening or local meteorological effects which would alter noise propagation. Detailed modelling will only serve to reduce the predicted level and the necessary mitigation, since additional noise attenuation would be gained from air absorption and topography screening. Noise monitoring may be required at a number of receptors during both, construction and operational periods; either in response to complaints, or to demonstrate that predicted noise levels are not being exceeded. Management measures for noise and vibration across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 26. Table 26 Management Measures for Noise and Vibration across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Environmental noise disturbance. This includes nuisance noise and background noise creep, which is when noise levels progressively creep higher over time. Vibration-induced human discomfort and structural damage. Environmental objectives To ensure that noise emissions from Project activities comply with applicable noise and vibration criteria. To protect the amenity of sensitive receptors by reducing noise and vibration impacts from production facilities and associated workforce and infrastructure. Performance criteria All complaints are registered, addressed and closed out [B386]. Applicable noise and vibration levels are met at the sensitive receptor [B369]. Common implementation strategy for all phases Ensure all engines, machinery equipment and pollution control mechanisms are operated and maintained in accordance with manufacturers recommendations [B013]. here noise reduction devices are deemed necessary, ensure devices (such as mufflers, low-noise fans and possibly enclosures) are fitted and work correctly [B370]. Operate equipment and handle materials in a manner that does not cause Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 129

143 Implementation strategy for planning and design Implementation strategy for construction Implementation strategy for operations unnecessary noise (e.g., excessive revving or dropping materials) [B371]. Manage noise in accordance with the relevant EA conditions. here nighttime activities are planned (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) and are likely to exceed the prescribed noise criteria, conduct prior consultation with affected parties [B372]. Consult with those who may be affected by increased noise levels due to construction activities with particular reference to the type and timing of works [B373]. Conduct risk-based assessment or potential vibration monitoring during any construction activity that occurs within 100 m of a sensitive receptor that might be subject to vibration [B374]. Implement a grievance management system to manage noise complaints. If necessary, undertake noise monitoring of construction activities to facilitate a response to the grievance [B375]. Preferential selection of sites in sparsely populated areas [B376]. Site-specific detailed noise modelling of production facilities and the application of acoustic treatments where the modelled noise from facilities exceeds the established noise criteria at one or more sensitive receptors [B377]. Consideration of intrinsically quieter equipment or design of acoustic treatments such as hospital-grade exhaust systems and mufflers, or barriers and equipment housing will be given [B378]. Locate equipment associated with production wells and associated wellhead infrastructure at a distance of 70 m or more from a sensitive receptor [B379]. Consider the following factors prior to any blasting operations being conducted [B380]: the type of rock and stratigraphy being blasted and any associated faulting; the distance of the blast site from sensitive receptors; the type, size and number of charges used; the depth and manner in which the charge is installed; the meteorological conditions; and methods of controlling blast noise and vibration, such as mats or smaller blasts. here practicable, schedule planned flaring events (e.g., those preceding shut-down maintenance) for the period between 6.00 am and pm [B381]. Inspection and monitoring Implement monitoring and inspection of avoidance, mitigation and management measures to ensure the residual impacts continue to be Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 130

144 negligible throughout the lifetime of the Project [B382]. If directed by the administering authority in response to a valid noise complaint, undertake noise monitoring in accordance with the EPA (2000) Noise Measurement Manual [B383]. Auditing Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. The method of measurement and reporting of noise levels will comply with the Noise Measurement Manual (EPA, 2000); AS 1055; or any legislation, standards or guidelines that supersede these documents. Corrective action Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Z.4.11 aste Management aste types generated by the Project are likely to include regulated and non-regulated wastes of solid, liquid and gaseous forms. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The existing environment has been described in Sections Z.4.1 to Z.4.7. The key environmental values to be protected from waste streams are: Soils and Land: land use capability, having regard to economic consideration, habitat for flora and fauna and quality of land, to guarantee environmental sustainability. Air Quality: air quality that is suitable for sustaining human and environmental health and amenity. Ecology: the diversity of ecological process and associated ecosystems and suitability of flora and fauna habitats. ater Resources: water quality that is suitable for sustaining human health, visual amenity and suitability of aquatic ecosystems. Visual Amenity: features of the existing environment that are important for visual amenity. Health and Safety: the life, health and wellbeing of people, including the Project workers. Z Potential Impacts aste management issues associated with Project activities include: Uncontrolled Releases of aste. Failure to properly manage waste storage and containment systems could potentially result in soil and water contamination and impacts on visual amenity. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 131

145 Controlled Releases of aste or Emissions. Discharge of waste water and air emissions could potentially lead to adverse health and ecological impacts, e.g., discharge of sewage and generation of air pollutants, such as NO 2. Z Specific Management Avoidance, mitigation and management of potential waste impacts will primarily be achieved through implementation of a waste hierarchy. Arrow will apply the following hierarchy of management options to all waste generated during the Project activities: Source reduction: avoid, eliminate, change or reduce practices that result in the generation of wastes. Reuse: reuse waste materials that are in their original form. Recycling: where possible, send waste to appropriate facilities to convert waste into other usable materials. Treatment and disposal: render wastes safe by neutralisation or other treatment methods and dispose of waste products that can no longer be reused or recycled either through landfilling or incineration. Management measures for waste across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 27. Management measures relating to gaseous waste are described in Section Z.4.1. Management measures relating to the treatment of CSG water and brine are described in Section Z.4.8. Table 27 Management Measures for aste across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Management of regulated and non-regulated wastes generated by Project activities. Environmental objectives In accordance with the aste Reduction and Recycling Act 2011: To use a waste management hierarchy and principles based on waste avoidance, reuse, recycling and disposal; To minimise resource utilisation by reuse and recycling of waste; To minimise impacts to the environment from the management of waste; and To reduce the quantity of waste that is sent to landfills by recycling and reuse of waste. Performance criteria Implementation of a waste management strategy. Solid wastes, chemicals and other wastes to be disposed or recycled at appropriate facilities in accordance with legislative requirements and the Arrow aste Management Procedure (Arrow, 2012) [B384]. Continuous improvement of the volume of waste generated per unit measure for each activity, with respect to proportion disposed of and proportion reused and recycled [B385]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 132

146 Implementation strategy for planning and design Implementation strategy for construction, operations and decommissioning Operations and Projects will understand their legislative requirements as they relate to waste management and update the Health, Safety and Environment compliance register as appropriate [B386]. Personnel will be trained and competent to undertake waste identification, segregation, storage and disposal activities [B387]. An environmental awareness program for personnel and contractors associated with equipment or procedures specific to waste, will be conducted prior to and during activities, to discuss environmental impacts and proposed management measures to reduce waste impacts [B388]. Operations and Projects will evaluate the types and quantities of waste to be generated [B389]. Sites will develop a plan that considers minimisation, storage, segregation, treatment, reuse, recycling and disposal. This plan will be a standalone document or part of a broader Operational EM Plan [B390]. Onsite waste storage areas will be developed in accordance with industry practice and relevant waste management regulations [B391]. Develop and implement emergency response and spill response procedures to minimise any impacts that could occur as a result of releases of hazardous materials or any loss of containment of storage equipment [B084]. Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the design and installation of infrastructure associated with the storage of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B178]. Procure materials in bulk where practicable to minimise containers and movement of material [B392]. Provide training in the principles of the waste hierarchy to personnel handling wastes on a regular basis [B393]. As far as practical, facilities will be designed using modular components that provide the ability to reconfigure to meet site requirements and relocate facilities during the Project life to accommodate changing Project needs [B394]. aste will only be disposed of in appropriate, approved disposal sites using approved methods and contractors. aste tracking records will be maintained, in line with legal requirements [B395]. Appropriate domestic waste storage facilities will be provided at designated work sites to assist in segregation of waste [B396]. Contaminated soil or groundwater that cannot be avoided will be managed through quantification of the type, severity and extent of contamination, and remediated or managed in accordance with the Queensland Government s Draft Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Contaminated Land 1998 [B397]. Liquid waste generated (other than CSG water and sewage) will be stored Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 133

147 and periodically removed for disposal or recycling. All waste drilling fluids resulting from drilling activities will be contained in properly lined dams or storage tanks prior to re-use, recycling, treatment or disposal. Putrescible solid waste will be stored in covered containers to prevent odours, public health hazards and access by fauna [B398]. astewater (sewage) to be collected and transported offsite to a municipal treatment facility or treated onsite [B399]. In the majority of cases, both non-hazardous and hazardous wastes will be transported off-site for appropriate disposal. Non-hazardous may be removed from site by either Arrow staff or a contracted waste collector. These wastes should be kept segregated during transport, and disposed of at the appropriate facility [B400]. Hazardous and/or regulated wastes must be removed by a company that holds a current certification / licence, issued by the administering government authority to undertake removal of that particular waste. Arrow staff and contractors must always check the currency of the waste contractor s certification. Arrow staff and contractors also have duty of care to ensure that the disposal facility is also suitably licensed to receive the particular hazardous or regulated waste [B401]. Regulated wastes will be handled, stored and disposed of in accordance with relevant standards and the Environmental Protection (aste Management) Regulation 2008 (EP (aste Management) Regulation). The storage of flammable and combustible liquids will be in accordance with the AS 1940: 2004 The Storage and Handling of Flammable and Combustible Liquids and other relevant dangerous goods standards [B402]. Spill containment material and spill kits will be placed at designated locations. Spill response procedures will be developed and published in the Emergency Response Plan and all relevant personnel will be required to undergo spill containment and response training [B403]. Construction of production wells: here possible, fluids will be re-used from well to well, or treated at a centralised facility for re-use; only in instances where it is not suitable for reuse or treatment, will it be disposed of at licensed facilities [B404]. Surface tank / skip storage will be provided to contain drill cuttings, drilling fluids and cement returns to minimise contamination when drilling in high quality agricultural areas [B405]. Land holders to be consulted and best practices implemented such as: use in progressive rehabilitation; respreading over disturbed land to minimise erosion; or, left onsite for habitat use. here practicable remove material from site and reuse in other areas [B406]. Soil to be stockpiled and used for rehabilitation onsite. Stockpiles will be located away from water sources and in clear areas [B407]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 134

148 CSG water contaminated soils, CSG water filters and filter media containing solids not removed in upstream filtration processes are to be disposed to appropriate licensed landfill [B408]. Drilling fluids will typically be removed by tanker or vacuum truck either for direct re-use, or to an authorised treatment facility prior to reuse or recycling. here reuse or recycling of drilling fluids is not practical fluids may be taken to a licensed disposal facility as a least preferred option. Drill cuttings will be reused or recycled wherever possible, with direct disposal to licenced landfill only undertaken where no other practical alternative exists [B409]. aste solids will be treated and reused where possible or disposed to landfill [B410]. Drill fluids will be reused or recycled where possible [B411]. Soil contaminated with oil or chemicals to be left in situ or taken to a licensed waste processing facility for recycling or disposal [B412]. Used lubricating oil and filters and unused or spent chemicals to be recycled where possible and transported by a licensed contractor to an appropriately licensed regulated waste facility for disposal [B413]. Empty drums and containers to be recycled where possible, or taken to an appropriately licensed waste facility [B414]. Hard waste, including excess concrete, wood pallets, scrap metal, other packaging materials to be taken to an appropriately licensed waste processing facility for recycling or disposal [B415]. Spent and unused solvents, paints and paint wastes to be transported to an appropriately licensed regulated waste facility [B416]. Acids and caustics to be collected and disposed of at licensed / authorised waste facilities [B417]. Paper and cardboard to be reused or recycled, where practical [B418]. General waste from workers' accommodation areas to be recycled or reused where practical and transported to a licensed waste facility [B419]. Grey water (contaminated stormwater runoff) to be either collected and treated onsite or transported offsite to a municipal treatment facility or receive onsite treatment [B420]. Construction and operation of gas and water gathering system and associated facilities: In instances where material and land conditions are suitable, drill cuttings may be reused by mixing with soil, aggregate or organic material for soil stabilisation or as soil conditioner to assist in the process of site rehabilitation. here on-site re-use is not a suitable option, drill cuttings will be beneficially reused (e.g. in composting, fill material, construction material), and will only be sent for direct disposal to off-site landfill facilities where no other practical option exists [B421]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 135

149 aste that cannot be reused on site will be removed to an appropriate licensed facility. As with the production wells, waste liquids will be removed by a tanker for treatment at a nearby IPF [B422]. Hydrostatic test water to be reused in other areas or disposed of through the CSG water management system [B423]. Used chemicals and oils to be recycled where possible, or taken to an offsite licensed waste facility [B424]. Scrap swarf (high-definition polyethylene fillings) to be reused or recycled where possible, or taken to an offsite licensed waste facility [B425]. Debris from blow out (cleaning) of pipes to be stored in a sealed container in a bunded area or will remain in drilling pit before being transported to a licensed waste facility [B426]. Unused composite pipe and unused high definition polyethylene to be recycled where possible or disposed to an offsite licensed waste facility [B427]. Select equipment with consideration for low emissions to air (NOx, SOx), high energy efficiency and fuel efficiency [B004].. Membrane modules to be collected and disposed of in an offsite regulated waste facility [B428]. Lead acid batteries to be recycled or transported to an offsite regulated facility [B429]. Concrete waste to be reused or recycled where possible [B430]. If the cut and fill materials from dams is contaminated, soils will be excavated and treated and disposed of as described in Section Z.4.2 of this draft EM Plan [B364]. Domestic wastes such as general wastes (office consumables, paper, plastic, glass, etc.), kitchen refuse, garden waste, packing waste (cardboard, plastic, wood pallets, etc.) to be reused or recycled where possible. Otherwise transported offsite to a licensed waste disposal facility [B431]. Empty drums and containers to be reused or recycled where possible, otherwise transported offsite to an appropriately licensed waste facility [B414]. ooden pallets, formwork to be reused or recycled where possible, otherwise transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B432]. Glass, reinforced plastic pipe offcuts to be reused or recycled where possible, otherwise transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B433]. Oily rags and sorbents to be transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B434]. Packaging materials (cardboard, styrofoam, plastic wrappers, bunting, lining, end caps, containers) to be reused or recycled where possible, otherwise transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B435]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 136

150 Implementation strategy for decommissioning Plastic pipe offcuts / scrap, electric cable waste to be reused or recycled where possible, otherwise transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B436]. Spent filter media bulk bags to be transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility [B437]. Steel offcuts and scrap metal to be reused or recycled, where practical [B438]. Crystallised salt to be transported offsite to a regulated waste disposal facility unless an alternative can be found [B439]. Rubber and tyres to be reused where possible. Collected for removal by licensed transporter for processing at a licensed facility for recycling or disposal [B440]. Anti-seize compounds to be collected and disposed of in regulated waste facilities [B441]. Domestic cleaning products to be collected and disposed of in regulated waste facilities [B442]. Fuels to be reused, recycled or collected and disposed of in regulated waste facilities [B443]. Greases and oils to be reused, recycled or collected and disposed of in regulated waste facilities [B444]. Triethylene glycol to be reused or collected and disposed of in a regulated waste facility [B445]. Contaminated stormwater runoff to be collected and treated within the wastewater treatment system [B446]. Oil entrained in the compression process to be reused, recycled or collected and disposed of in regulated waste facilities [B448]. Paint waste to be collected and stored onsite for reuse, where possible, or transported offsite to a licensed regulated waste facility [B449]. Reverse osmosis treatment chemicals to be collected, piped and stored in a suitable dam [B450]. aste or wash out liquids to be reused or removed by licensed tanker or carrier to a licensed commercial waste facility [B451]. astewater (sewage) to be collected and transported offsite to a municipal treatment facility or treated onsite [B452]. A specific waste management plan will be developed to guide waste management during decommissioning [B453]. Construction debris, chemical / oil contaminated soil and sludge to be recycled or reused where possible, or taken to an offsite licensed waste facility [B454]. Electrical cables to be abandoned or stored for recycling or reused where possible or taken to an offsite licensed waste facility [B455]. Fencing to be left in consultation with landowners, stored for reuse (some excess pipe is maintained for future maintenance and repair requirements) Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 137

151 or collected for disposal to licensed landfill [B456]. Gas compressors, low pressure high-density polyethylene gas pipelines, medium pressure gas pipelines, production well heads, power generators, pumps, sewage treatment plant and tanks and storage tanks to be left in consultation with landowners, stored for reuse (some excess pipe is maintained for future maintenance and repair requirements), or collected for disposal to licensed landfill [B457]. Inspection and monitoring Onsite waste monitoring and auditing procedures will be developed [B458]. In compliance with the legislative requirements on the movement of trackable waste within, into or out of Queensland under Part 4 of the EP (aste Management) Regulation, all waste produced during the construction, operation and abandonment phases of the Project will be recorded and tracked [B459]. Monthly waste generation and management performance shall be benchmarked against that of other facilities and those within the same industry reported to the Department Manager, and used to promote continual improvement [B460]. Inspection and monitoring of avoidance, mitigation and management measures will be implemented to ensure the residual impacts continue to be low throughout the lifetime of the Project [B461]. Inspection will be undertaken regularly to ensure mitigation measures are effective and to intervene early, rather than monitor or inspect the effect of the impact [B462]. Maintain a waste stream inventory identifying the type, classification, storage, transport and disposal requirements for the waste [B463]. Inspect waste storage locations to ensure waste management measures are being adhered to [B464]. Maintain a waste tracking system [B465]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 138

152 Z.4.12 Preliminary Hazard and Risk This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential hazards and risks associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The Project area is primarily composed of rural areas used for sheep, cattle grazing and cultivation, but includes isolated areas of bushland and state forests. Population is widely dispersed, except for townships such as Moranbah, Blackwater, Middlemount, Dysart, Coppabella and Glenden. The dispersed population, large amount of open land and widely distributed extent of the CSG resource allow the Project to develop facilities in locations that maintain reasonable distance from centres of population and residential locations. This, and the inherent flexibility in the location of Project infrastructure, contributes to the safety of people and property through adequate separation. The existing environment contains areas of natural bushland and grassland. The hot summers and prolonged cycle of drought and drought-breaking rains mean that the Project area may be affected by bushfires as well as floods. Other natural hazards that may impact the Project are landslides, strong wind, earthquakes and lightning. The natural environment is also host to potentially hazardous wildlife, such as snakes, spiders, ticks, and disease vectors, such as mosquitoes. The environmental values attributable to these aspects include: The health, safety and wellbeing of people, property and the wider community; and The ecosystems in and surrounding the Project area that could potentially be affected by the development. Z Potential Impacts The potential issues associated with hazard and risk relate to the exposure of people (the public and the Project workforce) and property to hazards that are inherent to CSG development. Hazards and risks related to the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the Project include the following: Gas or pressure released or fire and explosion; External events, such as bushfire, flooding, landslide, earthquakes and lightning strike; Storage and handling of hazardous materials; and Personal safety hazards of the Project workforce. The following types of personal safety hazards were identified as having the potential to injure persons, predominantly on work sites, but also including persons who may live or work in the immediate vicinity of work sites: Project-related vehicular travel and transportation; Light, heavy and rotating machinery; Fire ignited by vehicles accessing wells and facilities located in dry grassland; Electricity; Confined spaces; orking at heights; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 139

153 aterbodies / dams with engineered or unnatural banks (risk of drowning); Rigging up or down of drilling rig or during well tests and wellhead completion; Loss of containment of liquid hazardous materials under pressure; Bites from snakes, spiders, or ticks on or in the vicinity of facilities; Exposure to harmful materials and liquids (e.g., diesel, hydraulic oil, drilling fluids, very saline water and water treatment chemicals); and Uneven terrain. The following types of major accident hazards were identified as having the potential to injure multiple persons on or off of operating facilities: Pressure release or gas release due to physical damage to wellheads; Pressure release or gas release due to physical damage to pipelines and operational facilities; Pressure release or gas release due to failure of pipelines and operational facilities; Release of gas during a blowdown event; Ignition of combustible or flammable material; and Dam failure: loss of containment from dam to offsite affecting people or groundwater; and loss of containment from chemical storage or use affecting people or groundwater. Z Specific Management Management measures for preliminary hazard and risk across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 28. Table 28 Management Measures for Preliminary Hazard and Risk across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Gas or pressure released or fire and explosion; External events, such as bushfire flooding, earthquakes and landslides; Storage and handling of hazardous materials; and Personal safety hazards of the Project workforce. Environmental objectives To minimise the potential risk to people, the environment and property. Performance criteria Successfully meeting Arrow s Target Zero Policy; Compliance with applicable hazard and risk legislation, such as the P&G Act; and Compliance with relevant Australian tandards. Common implementation strategy for all phases Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the handling of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B078]. The State Planning Policy 1/03 for mitigating the adverse impact of flood, bushfire and landslide will be taken into regard. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 140

154 Implementation strategy for planning and design The risk of loss of containment from process equipment and pipelines will be managed through Arrow s Asset Integrity and Process Safety framework [B466]. The design, construction and operation of regulated dams will be highly regulated through the use of standards and monitoring requirements [B467]. Each dam will be subject to separate approvals by the regulating authority; each approval will require the incorporation of general and specific controls to avoid, mitigate or manage threats associated with flooding [B468] Use an independent, suitably qualified, third party to certify that dams meet the dam design plan [B356]. Have in place a system for the collection and proper disposal of any contaminants that move beyond the bounds of the containment system of brine dams [B358]. Design and size dams to account for predicted flood conditions [B469]. Fences and escape facilities will be installed to prevent access and harm to people or livestock [B470]. Develop fire plans for production facilities [B471]. Implement an in-vehicle monitoring system for Project vehicles [B472]. Prepare Project safety management plans for the construction, operations and decommissioning of the infrastructure that form part of the present development [B473]. Implement Arrow s HSEMS for all activities and phases of development [B474]. Conduct appropriate safety reviews during design of new and modified facilities, including the use of hazard and risk assessment processes. Base safety reviews on well-recognised methodologies, e.g., hazard and operability studies and AS 2885 Risk assessment (safety management studies) [B475]. Select locations for Project infrastructure with full consideration of and allowance for the minimum buffer zones indicated by the quantitative risk assessment [B476]. Design and construct Project infrastructure and facilities in accordance with applicable codes and standards [B477]. Facilities will be designed with the ability to shut down and be isolated in preparation for impending bushfires [B478]. Design and install combustion sources (such as generators and gas-fired compressors) on Arrow facilities in accordance with engineering codes and standards, thus ensuring they will have safety mechanisms built-in [B479]. Develop protocols for the control of construction activities during extreme fire danger periods [B533]. Arrow will develop emergency response plans in consultation with emergency services organisations that includes a list of required Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 141

155 Implementation strategy for construction equipment, training and other resources, and foreseeable emergency and crisis situations (including escapes, blowouts, gas fire, bushfire, critical equipment failure, trapped or missing people, flooding, cyclones, power failure, security incidents and threats, and transport incidents). The plans will include safe evacuation procedures, communication protocols (internal and to emergency services, including the Petroleum and Gas Inspectorate), accounting for personnel and visitors, roles and responsibilities, and requirements for training [B480]. Design all pipes and vessels to cope with maximum expected pressure [B481]. Consider installing flow and pressure instrumentation to transmit upset conditions and plant shutdown valves status, where necessary [B482]. Consider remote-control isolation on gas and water lines [B483]. Design equipment to withstand considerable heat load, e.g., through use of heat resistant (fire-safe) isolation valves on production facilities [B484]. Design radiation exclusion zones around flares according to API standard [B485]. Register pipelines and below-ground electrical services with Dial Before You Dig [B486]. Minimise enclosed spaces where flammable gas may accumulate [B487]. Emergency shutdown valves will be installed on pipelines so that their exposure to facility incidents is minimised [B488]. Arrow will manage flooding risk through site location and drainage, particularly for production facilities [B489]. Design appropriate drainages for waste spills within chemical bunds [B490]. Apply dam safety guidelines, which will apply for all facilities forming part of the Project development [B491]. Production wells will be designed and constructed so that the well is cased or concreted through aquifers other than the coal seam to prevent transmission of water and gas between strata [B492]. To reduce mosquito breeding in dams, dams and dam inner banks will be maintained so that they are as free of vegetation as practicable [B493]. Develop the construction, design and monitoring requirements for new regulated dams (either raw water, treated water or brine dams) and determine the hazard category of the dam in accordance with the requirements of the most recent version of Manual for Assessing Hazard Categories and Hydraulic Performance of Dams (DERM, 2012b). Construct the dams under the supervision of a suitably qualified and experienced person in accordance with the relevant EHP schedule of conditions relating to dam design, construction, inspection and mandatory reporting requirements [B359]. Design dams to have an egress (escape point) for wildlife [B360]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 142

156 Implement Arrow s HSEMS for all activities and phases of development [B494]. Consider the Australian Pipeline Industry Association Construction Health and Safety Guidelines (APIA, 2008) for pipeline construction and development of Construction Health and Safety Plan [B495]. Conduct pre-job safety meetings prior to the start of and during construction activities [B496]. Perform blowout of pipes and equipment, to remove construction debris, using well-established procedures and under strict controls, including those detailed in risk assessments [B497]. Develop an integrated risk management plan (in alignment with the relevant NS Department of Primary Industries hazardous industry planning advisory paper) [B498]. Install, inspect and service fire-fighting equipment in accordance with risk assessments and relevant legislation and standards [B499]. Implement transport-related safety programs, including driver training, journey management plans and preventative maintenance programs of vehicles [B500]. Develop and implement safety training programs for personnel and contractors, including induction training of new starters [B501]. Conduct pressure testing and inspection of equipment and pipelines in accordance with relevant legislative requirements and standards [B502]. Bury gathering lines at a minimum depth of 600 mm. here gathering lines are present above the ground (at wellheads and at vents or drains), maintain a clear area. The size of the cleared area will be determined on a site-by-site basis with consideration of the site-specific risk of bushfire [B503]. Install isolation valves on pipelines in accordance with relevant standards and industry practices [B504]. Commission fire-safety equipment in the early phase of the construction period [B505]. Fit all buildings and production facilities with smoke or fire alarms [B506]. Fit pumps with automatic pump shutdown or other safety devices to prevent leak in case of pumping against a blockage [B507]. Install fire and gas detection systems to shutdown compressors [B508]. Implement security controls e.g. fencing and locked gates [B509]. Install lightning mast and earthing grid to minimise risk of lightning strike at production facilities [B510]. Machine guard all rotating equipment in accordance with Australian standards [B511]. here necessary, automate emergency shutdown systems at production facilities and, if necessary, include remote monitoring and control [B512]. Production wells will be designed and constructed so that the well is cased Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 143

157 or concreted through aquifers other than the coal seam to prevent transmission of water and gas between strata [B492]. Implementation strategy for operations Apply appropriate international, Australian and industry standards and codes of practice for the design and installation of infrastructure associated with the storage of hazardous materials (such as chemicals, fuels and lubricants) [B178]. Develop and implement incident reporting, emergency response and corrective action systems or procedures. Include systems for reporting, investigation and communications of lessons learned [B513]. To reduce mosquito breeding in dams, dams and dam inner banks will be maintained so that they are as free of vegetation as practicable [B514]. Establish overflow and operational controls in accordance with the dam operating plan [B515]. Inspect and maintain dam integrity [B516]. Develop fire plans for production facilities [B471]. Arrow will develop emergency response plans in consultation with emergency services organisations that includes a list of required equipment, training and other resources, and foreseeable emergency and crisis situations (including escapes, blowouts, gas fire, bush fire, critical equipment failure, trapped or missing people, flooding, cyclones, power failure, security incidents and threats, and transport incidents). The plans should include safe evacuation procedures, communication protocols (internal and to emergency services including the Petroleum and Gas Inspectorate), accounting for personnel and visitors, roles and responsibilities and requirements for training [B480]. Develop and implement safety training programs for personnel and contractors, including induction training of new starters [B501]. Conduct pressure testing and inspection of equipment and pipelines in accordance with relevant legislative requirements and standards [B502]. Implement security controls, e.g., fencing and locked gates [B509]. here necessary, automate emergency shutdown systems at production facilities and, if necessary, include remote monitoring and control [B512]. Conduct systematic risk assessments (which include hazard identification, assessment, treatment and monitoring) in accordance with relevant legislation and standards during design, construction and operations [B519]. Implement a permit to work system that includes a job safety analysis process [B520]. Implement management of change processes, including protocols for communication of changes to appropriate levels of management [B521]. Implement internal and external (independent) hazard audit programs [B522]. Communicate results from audit to management [B523]. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 144

158 Barricade fall points and use personal fall-arrest equipment and wrist straps and lanyards to secure tools when working at heights [B524]. Use whip check or safety chain and tie downs (or equivalent) on all highpressure lines and pressurised air hoses [B525]. ear appropriate personal protective equipment on a site- and duty-specific basis [B526]. here applicable, establish blowout preventer and other well control measures [B527]. Certify all equipment for drilling, where applicable [B528]. Ensure equipment and vehicle operators are licensed [B529]. Prepare a risk control action plan as part of the safety assessment process [B530]. Purge equipment of oxygen prior to introducing flammable gas [B531]. Purge equipment after shutdowns [B532]. Develop protocols for the control of operational activities during extreme fire danger periods, e.g., flaring or shutdowns [B533]. Consider non-static protective clothing for operations personnel [B534]. Establish lone-worker protocols and communication [B535]. Conduct regular patrols and inspections of pipeline easements, including status of signposting subsidence and of fire breaks [B536]. Automate the chemical dosage system for water treatment at integrated processing facilities [B537]. Consider the use of non-toxic gases for water treatment if gases are used [B538]. Ensure operator supervision for unloading of hazardous materials at production facilities [B539]. Provide escape ropes and ladders at strategic locations within a dam [B540]. Use suitably trained and supervised staff or contractors to carry out depressurising and purging activities [B541]. Ensure all personnel are familiar with Arrow s 12 Life Saving Rules, which embed safe practices in the day-to-day activities of the workforce. The rules encompass the following controls [B542]: all staff to work with a valid permit where required; gas tests to be conducted where required; verification of isolation prior to work commencing and use of specified life protecting equipment; authorisation to be obtained prior to entering a confined space; authorisation to be obtained prior to overriding or disabling any critical safety equipment; all persons to protect themselves against a fall when working at a height; no walking under a suspended load; no smoking outside designated areas; Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 145

159 no alcohol or drugs while working or driving; no phones to be used while driving and speed limits not to be exceeded; seat belts to be worn at all times; and prescribed journey management plan to be followed; Implementation strategy for decommissioning Train relevant personnel in the identification and avoidance of potentially hazardous wildlife. Use qualified handlers to move wildlife from Project areas when encountered [B543]. Vegetation surrounding production facilities and wellheads will be maintained in a manner that limits the amount of combustible material in the area. The size of the cleared area will be determined on a site-by-site basis with consideration of the site-specific risk of bushfire [B544]. Install manual isolation valves at the production well and skid edge [B545]. Keep access tracks to well sites clear of dry grass and combustible material wherever practicable and where there is a higher risk of bushfire (to minimise the risk of dry grass being ignited by hot components of vehicles accessing the sites) [B547]. Daily operations will be managed with consideration of the fire danger current at that time [B548]. Implement a decommissioning and rehabilitation plan in accordance with the dam design plan [B549]; Develop rig move plans [B550]; and Depressurise and degas all plant and equipment in flammable-gas use prior to decommissioning [B551]. Inspection and monitoring Implement the dam operating plan [B552]; Schedule inspections and develop a monitoring program to ensure that the safety management systems are functioning properly and that it is appropriate to the hazards identified [B553]; Have a suitably qualified person routinely monitor the integrity and available storage of dams [B555]; and The Project HSEMS will detail the requirements for monitoring, measurement and reporting of health, safety and environmental performance [B556]. Auditing Reporting Corrective action Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan. Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 146

160 Z.4.13 Indigenous Cultural Heritage This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential impacts on Indigenous cultural heritage associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values The existence of Indigenous cultural heritage within an area is generally dependent on the extent of previous Indigenous activity and the extent to which development of the area has disturbed or destroyed Indigenous cultural heritage. Landscape features, combined with knowledge of existing land use and level of disturbance, help to identify areas most likely to contain Indigenous cultural heritage. For example, there is strong potential for Indigenous cultural heritage to exist near watercourses and in forested areas that have not been cleared. It is, however, less likely that evidence of Indigenous cultural heritage remains in disturbed areas, such as cultivated areas, roads, residential communities and industrial developments. Indigenous Land Use Agreements (ILUAs) have been settled with all Aboriginal parties whose country falls within the study area and who have registered native title claims. This includes the Barada Barna, Birri, Jangga and iri Peoples. Arrow is seeking to settle ILUAs with various other groups who have interests in the area but do not have registered Native Title claims. This includes the Kangoulu People, whose Native Title claim was deregistered in However, under the last man standing rule in the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Act 2003 (ACH Act) this group remains an Aboriginal party. Records of Indigenous Cultural Heritage Values within the Project Area The study area constitutes a rich and varied cultural landscape that is of particular significance to the local Indigenous communities. The cultural signature of this landscape has expression in two separate but intrinsically linked spheres: that relating to traditional and spiritual association with a number of specific places within that overall landscape; and that resulting from the everyday use and occupation of that landscape. The study area has places from both of these spheres known to exist. ithin the study area, the watercourses and waterholes of a number of substantial waterways, areas with the potential to contain springs, and a number of other specific landscape features, all form part of the living traditional knowledge-base of local Indigenous communities. Additionally, there are likely to be a substantial number of places of historical significance existing in the study area. ithin the Project area, there are 2,300 (2,700 including those partially within the study area) Indigenous cultural heritage heritage places listed on the Queensland Indigenous Cultural Heritage Register and Database (ICHRaD). Of these, approximately 75% are stone artefacts and 4% scarred trees. Although small in number, a range of uncommon and culturally important places were also identified, including hearths, wells, pathways (containing rock art), ceremonial places, and earthen arrangements. Additionally, there are a number of places associated with the region s contact period, clustered in the central and northern portion of the study area. Figure 24 shows the registered locations of Indigenous cultural heritage as obtained from ICHRaD. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 147

161 Two Indigenous cultural heritage places were found on the Cultural Heritage Information Management System (CHIMS) as occurring in the Project area (see Figure 24): CHIMS ID: Fort Cooper Camp. The site is on Fort Cooper Station, where, according to news reports of the time, around 90 Aborigines took refuge for a number of years around 1869 after prior known dispersal by the Native Mounted Police. CHIMS ID: Fort Cooper North. The site is associated with a historical dispersal of Aboriginal people, however there are discrepancies between the location of the site in the historical record and contemporary land marks. There are a number of ethnophysical accounts of Indigenous activity within the Project area. Consequently, it is anticipated that cultural heritage sites and places that are not yet known are likely to be found within the area. The environmental values to be protected are associated with either archaeological significance (i.e., including physical evidence) or cultural significance (i.e., of significance to Indigenous peoples for cultural, spiritual or historical reasons). Assets and artefacts in the existing environment include the following: Places that are included on the ICHRaD. This database contains only broad information on each site, such as its type, date recorded, general location and Aboriginal party details. The details of many of these sites have been collected during cultural heritage assessments for other Projects in the region. Places with identified Indigenous values that are CHIMS listed. Places, objects and areas of cultural heritage value identified during previous investigations conducted by Aboriginal parties on behalf of Arrow. here Aboriginal parties have allowed it, the details of these sites are retained in Arrow's GIS database. Places, objects and areas of cultural heritage value that are currently not identified, including those that become known through studies conducted prior to the commencement of construction activities. It is essential that these places, objects and areas of cultural heritage significance that are not yet known be recognised as an environmental value, as there is extensive evidence of the activity of Indigenous peoples across the Project area in terms of archaeological evidence and ethnohistorical accounts. Unknown Indigenous Sites Further Indigenous cultural heritage may be found throughout the Project area. Prior to implementing mitigation measures, accidental destruction, damage or disturbance of objects of physical heritage in the landscape, or encroachment upon or disturbance of places of cultural significance to Indigenous persons may occur if construction crews are not aware that a site exists. Disturbance to unknown sites (either on the surface or beneath the surface), or encroachment upon unknown sites prior to mitigation is therefore possible. The consequence of this to the environmental values will be major with stakeholder concern. The impact to these Indigenous heritage sites prior to mitigation is high. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 148

162 BRUCE HY MACKAY GLENDEN PEAK DONS HY CHIMS ID: CHIMS ID: NEBO BRUCE HY -22 MORANBAH -22 GREGORY DEVELOPMENTAL RD PEAK DONS HY DYSART CLERMONT MIDDLEMOUNT -23 TIERI -23 GREGORY HY CAPRICORN HY GREGORY HY EMERALD CAPRICORN HY BLACKATER This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. / km 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) 148 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Main Road Drainage Cultural Heritage Places CHIMS Reported Places Rare and/or Uncommon Places Other Cultural Heritage Places Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. 149 BOEN GAS PROJECT SEARCH RESULTS FROM ICHRAD AND CHIMS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2113.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Date: Figure: Rev.B 24 A4

163 Z Potential Impacts Potential impacts to Indigenous cultural heritage values from associated Project activities during construction and operation include: Accidental destruction, damage or disturbance of cultural material in the landscape; and Encroachment upon or disturbance of places of cultural significance to Indigenous persons. Z Specific Management Arrow will prepare cultural heritage management plans (CHMPs) or equivalent agreements in accordance with the provisions of the ACH Act. Cultural heritage will be managed in accordance with the CHMPs (or equivalent agreement), which will include avoidance (where practicable) as the primary mitigation measure. Management measures for Indigenous cultural heritage across all Project-related activities from planning and design through to decommissioning are found in Table 29. Table 29 Management Measures for Indigenous Cultural Heritage across all Project-Related Activities Element or issue Accidental destruction, damage or disturbance of objects of physical heritage in the landscape; and Encroachment upon or disturbance of places of cultural significance to Indigenous persons during the course of construction or routine operations. Environmental objectives To avoid or minimise and manage adverse impacts from Project activities on known and unknown Indigenous cultural heritage sites and objects. To retain a documented record of the Indigenous cultural heritage that is found through the course of the Project so that the history of the area is preserved for future generations. Performance criteria Implementation strategy for planning, design, construction and operation Auditing Reporting Compliance with the CHMP developed for the Project. Negotiate CHMPs with the Aboriginal Parties, based on the avoidance / manage / mitigate principle [B557]. Maintain a GIS database of sites of Indigenous cultural heritage that are known or found during the course of investigations and works (where Aboriginal parties allow the listing of the sites) [B558]. Ensure site inductions provide cultural heritage awareness for places and objects (to avoid) and the appropriate procedures to follow should there be any new discoveries [B558]. Compliance with this management plan will be assessed during periodic HSEMS audits described in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan and in accordance with the CHMP. Reporting will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements set out in Chapter Z.2 of this draft EM Plan and the CHMP. Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 150

164 Corrective action Corrective actions will be undertaken in accordance with the outcomes of incident investigations, audits, monitoring results or advice given by the relevant regulatory authority and in accordance with the CHMP. Z.4.14 Non-Indigenous Cultural Heritage This section describes Arrow s approach to managing potential impacts on non-indigenous cultural heritage associated with Project activities. Z Existing Environment and Environmental Values This section provides a description of non-indigenous cultural heritage within the Project area. The existing environment and associated values are informed by the desktop study, historic context and consultation. The region in which the Project area is located has experienced non-indigenous visitation dating from the mid-nineteenth century with the arrival of the earliest explorers, soon followed by pastoralists venturing out into newly-declared pastoral districts. Many of the known heritage places within the Project area are associated with early settlement and include early pastoral stations and associated services such as, roads and stock routes, towns, railway infrastructure and contact places. There are also remnants of a number of early mining ventures in the study area; they are significant as the precursors to later major mines. Major broad scale clearing for pastoralism (and more recently agriculture in the southern half of the Project area) is also a feature of the region and this has resulted in a high level of ground disturbance in these areas. International, National and State-Listed Sites No sites of national significance or of world heritage significance were identified as part of the assessment. There are 14 places included in the Queensland Heritage Register in the Isaac and Central Highlands regional councils. None of these places is located within the Project area. National Trust of Queensland database includes 29 places in the two regional council areas. Of these, 15 places are registered and the remainder reported (i.e. not researched or assessed). One of these places is located within the Project area Bedford eir, river crossing and historic murder site (BBGP_H / ). Regionally Known Sites There are no known formally registered regional heritage places in the study area. Twenty one places, including several of potential regional or state significance, were identified during the course of background research and consultation. Some of these sites had been recorded or noted in previous cultural heritage studies for different Projects in the Project area and only one is included in any other local or regional heritage list. Most are locally significant, although several possess attributes that may identify them as having wider Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 151

165 (regional or State) significance, and this may warrant their inclusion on the Queensland Heritage Register. The identified sites are summarised in Table 30 and Figure 25. Table 30 Sites Identified by Research Site Number Location (55K GDA94) Description BBGP_H / Historic grave on Olive Downs station, now Daunia mine lease BBGP_H / Historic camp ruins and dam, Olive Downs station BBGP_H / / / / Cattle yard ruins, Olive Downs station BBGP_H /N Old Poitrel station homestead remains, partly in ruins BBGP_H / Historic grave BBGP_H / / Old Broadlea homestead complex and yards BBGP_H / km radius Mt. Gotthardt Range Ruins of old copper and coal mines and documented massacre site of 14 miners BBGP_H / Historic grave at Byerwen Station BBGP_H /N/ m Site of original homestead, Burton Downs BBGP_H / Bedford eir, river crossing and historic murder site BBGP_H / Historic gravestone BBGP_H / Remains of telephone party line BBGP_H /N m Remains of old Talwood homestead BBGP_H / m Fourteen Mile Camp (old drovers camp) BBGP_H /N m Old ringers and drovers camp BBGP_H /N m Old ringers and drovers camp BBGP_H17 E /N m Pear camp BBGP_H18 Leichhardt Downs Station (near homestead) Possible cemetery (or several ones) containing at least 11 burials of Europeans and non-europeans BBGP_H S/ E on Old Barwon Park Station Historic grave BBGP_H S/ E, Old Bombandy Station Two historic graves BBGP_H S/ E on Norwich Park Mine Historic grave Prepared for Arrow Energy Pty Ltd 152

166 Su tto rr iv er H8 H15 H14 MACKAY Eungella Dam H16 GLENDEN H17 H13 H9 Burton Gorge Dam H7 Lake Elphinstone Teviot Creek Dam NEBO H MORANBAH rs R nno Co r ive H4 H1 H3 H2 c aa Is Ri r ve H18 H20 DYSART H21 MIDDLEMOUNT CLERMONT -23 H5 TIERI ie H19Mackenz -23 River H10 (Bedford eir) H11 H12 Nogoa River EMERALD BLACKATER This drawing is subject to COPYRIGHT. Fairbairn Dam 148 / km 149 Bowen Gas Project Tenements Heritage Site 1:1,500,000 Projection: Geographic (GDA94) Drainage Basin Boundary River Catchment Boundary Major Drainage Source: This product may contain information that is Mapinfo Australia Pty Ltd and PSMA Australia Ltd., Copyright Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2006, Copyright The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and ater) 2008, The State of Queensland (Department of Mines and Energy) , The State of Queensland (Department of Environment and Resource Management) 2010, Bing Maps Microsoft Corporation and its data suppliers, Images from Client Feb hilst every care is taken by URS to ensure the accuracy of the digital data, URS makes no representation or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness, suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for any expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential damage) and costs which may be incurred as a result of data being inaccurate in any way for any reason. Electronic files are provided for information only. The data in these files is not controlled or subject to automatic updates for users outside of URS. LOCATIONS OF NON-INDIGENOUS CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN THE PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AREA BOEN GAS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN File No: g-2114.mxd Drawn: L Approved: DS Figure: Date: Rev.B 25 A4