ODF Sustainability and ODF+ City level experiences CEPT team (supported by a grant from BMGF)

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1 ODF Sustainability and ODF+ City level experiences CEPT team (supported by a grant from BMGF) CEPT University, Ahmedabad, INDIA

2 CEPT work with cities : PAS Performance Assessment System the Largest Database on Urban Sanitation in India Cities 72.8 Million population 168 Cities of Gujarat 259 Cities of Maharashtra 43 Cities of Chhattisgarh Cities 68 Million population 167 Cities of Gujarat 249 Cities of Maharashtra continued for 8 years Cities PAS web portal: Repository of service level indicators of more than 1800 cities covering 18 states over a period of 3 years. Information available at Million population 168 Cities of Gujarat 364 Cities of Maharashtra 168 Cities of Chhattisgarh 69 Cities of Telangana 96 Cities of Assam 43 Cities of Jharkhand And the journey continues...

3 Long Partnership with cities in Maharashtra Performance Assessment System (PAS) Project 242 cities ---- > 384 cities Performance Improvement Plans 15 class A cities Exploring ODF Cities Mahad, Satara and Others City Sanitation Plans 4 small and medium towns (Wai, Sinnar, Ambejogai, Hingoli) Implementation support for Sanitation Improvement Support to Wai & Sinnar Demand Based Technical Support 12 interested cities Support to Swachh Maharashtra Mission State Government and all 384 Cities in Maharashtra Implementation of Septage Management Plan 6 pilot cities in State (Wai, Sinnar, Akot, Umred, Chiplun, Gevrai)

4 Wai- A small town in Maharashtra Famous Ghats on the banks of the river Krishna A holy pilgrim town, known as Dakshin Kashi Major attraction for Bollywood film location Wai diaspora Willing to contribute to improving Wai Population 36,000. But 2100 of total 7500 families in Wai did not have access to own toilets!!

5 CEPT engagement in Wai CEPT s meeting with Government of Maharashtra and MJP for the selection of CSP cities. Final city sanitation plans shared with ULB officials, MJP and AIILSG WMC decided to implement two sanitation schemes for making city ODF and implement Septage management Plan Rounds of assessment at grass root level Working n alignment with Swachh Bharat Abhiyan March 2012 March 13 April 2013 May-Sept 2013 Sept 2013 Sept 2015 Draft CSP with detailed sanitation proposals across the value chain discussed with the ULB officials Wai ULB officials along with MJP expressed willingness to receive technical support from CEPT Wai signed city level resolutions Development of implementation mechanism and processes Moving towards achieving ODF and ODF+

6 Status of Sanitation in Wai in 2011 Access Collection Conveyance Treatment Disposal/Reuse Access to type of sanitation (Number of HH) Method of collection of waste 1 (Number of HH) Methods of conveyance of waste Treatment of wastewater (in MLD) Disposal of waste (in MLD) Open defecation Community toilets Individual toilets 7,580 2% 30% 68% Others 2 5,145 Pit latrines Septic tanks 4% 10% 86% Septic tank emptied Open drains Closed drains 8% 57% 35% Untreated wastewater % Disposed into the river %

7 Oct 2014 Jan 2015 March 2015 May 2015 Property Level Sanitation Surveys SaniTab To generate household level database for monitoring of both the sanitation schemes Development of questionnaire Development of Application Pilot testing of application and training to surveyors Surveys Survey Data Results & Analysis

8 Average frequency of cleaning of STs is 6 years Survey Results % have own toilets 2.1% resort to OD Can not afford is the key reason for not having toilet 51% are willing to construct group toilet 40% are willing to take loan 99% toilets are connected to septic tank

9 School Sanitation Assessment

10 Existing Situation Key Challenge: Beyond toilets Containment Emptying Conveyance Treatment Reuse/ disposal WC to Sewer (0%) Grey Water (80%) (Bathroom/ Kitchen) Greywater Effluent Conveyed through Drains No treatment WC to Septic tank (17.7%) Leakage Safely emptied Never emptied Illegally dumped 1.9% PIT Latrines (2.%) Safely abandoned when full 1.9% Open defecation (0.0%) 98.2% 0.4% Domestic environment 0.15% 6.3% 0.15% 91.1% Ground Water Solid waste dumped site Water Bodies

11 Crude Disposal of Septage at dump site A septic tank emptying truck being emptied like this is equivalent to 2000 people defecating in the open!

12 City sanitation strategy Assessment of Sanitation situation in cities across various sectors Development of sanitation options Key activities for CSP Analysis of city budgets Continuous Stakeholder engagement Institutional Capacity assessment

13 13 Saniplan- a decision support model A Performance Improvement Planning tool for Urban Water Supply and Sanitation In-built Scenario comparison Service Oriented Conventional Approach PROJECT based approach Focus on achieving: OUTPUTS Starting point is an assessment of available grant funding SUPPLY DRIVEN Focus on developing INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS of various sectors SANIPLAN Approach SERVICE based approach Focus on achieving: OUTCOMES Starting point is measurement of current performance and local priorities NEED DRIVEN Focus on developing integrated SECTORAL SOLUTIONS Inter-sectoral & Intra-sectoral Linkages Customizable Menu of improvement actions Improvement Planning & Decision Support tool 10 Year Perspective Plan Integrated Techno-Financial Planning City Sanitation Plan Open Defecation Free City Plan FSM Planning WATSAN Developing Plan Performance Improvement Plan

14 SaniPlan: Dashboard Helps to examine alternative actions Allows to compare various scenarios related to finance, technology choice and tariff implication City aspired for sewerage system but agreed that it was inappropriate and unaffordable 14

15 Strategy to Move away from Community Toilets

16 Ward Level Meetings on sanitation strategy

17 Awareness generation activities... Awareness materials for FSSM

18 Training of local contractors... For PROPER construction of TOILETs and SEPTIC TANKs

19 Setting up Wai Sanitation Fund... Corporate /local donors CEPT/AIILSG 3 Municipal Council (MCl) Wai Sanitation Fund(Wai Swachhata Kosh) WSK Committee 5 5 Monitoring agency/ unit 4 6 Funding sanitation activities in city Wai Swachhata Kosh mechanism enables local industrialists and other donors to effectively contribute to development of improved sanitation in the city

20 Scheduled desludging services in towns financed through differential taxation trucks to desludge ~ 4000 septic tanks annually Zone 3 Zone 1 Zone 2 Moving from a consumer complaint system to regular service oriented system 2 trucks to desludge ~ 2000 septic tanks annually Zone 3 Zone 2 Zone 1 1 st City in INDIA to implement scheduled emptying...

21 PSP in Emptying services E-Tender on state web site Service provider selected following a competitive bidding process Work has been awarded. Septic tank cleaning Tender document Services to begin after the treatment plant becomes operational

22 Fecal Sludge treatment facility... Wai Tide technocrats setting up a 70cum/day capacity plant Natu ral Drai n Vermi Composting plant ULB LAND Dump site FSTP site near solid waste compost facility Civil works under progress Plant to become operational by November 2017

23 Proposed Situation Wai in Future: Moving from ODF+ to ODF++ Containment Emptying Conveyance Treatment Reuse/ disposal WC to Sewer (0%) 99.6% Grey Water (80%) (Bathroom/ Kitchen) Greywater (80 %) Effluent (12.9 %) Conveyed through closed drains/settled sewer Effective treatment (STP) 50 % Reuse in agriculture 42.9% waterbodies WC to Septic tank (20%) Septage (6.7 %) Safely emptied Leakage Septage treatment facility 6.7% Reuse as compost Never emptied PIT Latrines (0%) Open defecation (0%) 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% Remains in septic tank Ground Water

24 Wai a Model City in India? First city in India to attempt Scheduled desludging- every tank emptied at least once in 3 years Fecal Sludge treatment Plant with new technology Private sector participation for emptying services Escrow account to minimize payment risks for private operator Funding through Sanitation tax levied on all properties

25 PAS Project - Performance Assessment System for urban water supply and sanitation Annual service delivery profile for 900+ cities in India across 6 states Supporting Swachh Bharat Mission in Maharashtra state Financing Water and Sanitation Sanitation Planning tools Onsite sanitation Action research Equity in Municipal Services City level support for citywide sustainable sanitation Capacity Building activities Urban Water Security Support of BMGF for these activities is acknowledged pas.org.in pas@cept.ac.in pas_project pas.cept pascept PASproject E- newsletter tiny.cc/pasenews