European Commission s Policy on Greening

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1 European Commission s Policy on Greening Greening of Aviation and Europe s Initiatives for Research Dietrich Knoerzer DG Research & Innovation RTD-H.3 Aeronautics Frankfurt, 8th October 2012

2 Content Policy Related Framework Industry Framework Input from Aeronautics Stakeholders Joint Initiatives: Industry/Policy FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation Horizon 2020 and the Future

3 The European Union European Commission Annual Budget 112 billions Amendments proposes (e. g. Horizon 2020 ) Treaties Amendments President J. M. Barroso Council of the European Union decides Presidency changes every 6 months Court of Auditors advises Co-decision procedure European Parliament is consulted, co-decides 785 representatives elected directly by citizens Committee of the Regions advises European Economic and Social Committee - European Investment Bank - European Central Bank - European Ombudsman - European Data Protection Supervisor -...

4 Policy related Framework: Energy/ Transport Policy Drivers High demand on finite energy sources (Range of conventional oil: ~ 45 years) Increasing energy import dependence (Import dependence for oil: 80% now; ~90% in 2030) Increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Increase of transport CO2 emissions: 25% since 1990) Increasing competition: food versus energy crops Comprehensive long-term European fuel strategy: Substitution of fuel for all transport modes, all segments o Future transport fuel mix (applies more to surface transport) o Alternative fuel infrastructure (EU-wide coverage important) New Framework Programme Horizon 2020 ( )

5 Policy related Framework: Binding Renewable Energy Targets by 2020 EU Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources Extract from Article 3 Mandatory national overall targets and measures for the use of energy from renewable sources <by 2020> 20% share in overall final energy consumption 10% share in all forms of transport Biofuels count for them all, but only if sustainable

6 Policy related Framework: EUROPE 2020 A strategy for smart, sustainable & inclusive growth Flagship Initiative: "Resource efficient Europe (2010, extract) The aim is to support the shift towards a resource efficient and low-carbon economy that is efficient in the way it uses all resources. The aim is to decouple our economic growth from resource and energy use, reduce CO2 emissions, enhance competitiveness and promote greater energy security. At EU level, the Commission will work: To mobilise EU financial instruments (e.g. rural development, structural funds, R&D framework programme, TENs, EIB) as part of a consistent funding strategy, that pulls together EU and national, public and private funding; To enhance a framework for the use of market-based instruments (e.g. emissions trading, revision of energy taxation, state-aid framework, encouraging wider use of green public procurement); To present proposals to modernise and decarbonise the transport sector thereby contributing to increased competitiveness. This can be done through a mix of measures e.g. infrastructure measures such as early deployment of grid infrastructures of electrical mobility, intelligent traffic management, better logistics, pursuing the reduction of CO2 emissions for road vehicles, for the aviation and maritime sectors,

7 Policy related Framework: Global Energy Use in Transport (left) and Use of Biofuels in Different Transport Modes (right) in 2050

8 Policy related Framework: Binding Renewable Energy Targets by % emission reduction target by % emission reduction target by 2050 To get there, Europe's emissions should be 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 and 60% below by 2040 All sectors will have to contribute. EU-ETS system will grant biofuels 0% CO2 emission as incentive for their use

9 Policy related Framework: The EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for Aviation from 2012 baseline = 100% of average annual emissions in Actual emissions Cap = 97% 15% Auction Additional allowances to purchase Cap = 95% Free allowances Source: IATA Training & Development Institute

10 Million tonnes net CO2 emissions Industrial Framework CO 2 Emissions from Commercial Airlines Global Fuel Burn Frozen technology 5% p.a. (air traffic growth) Fleet replacement by new technology aircraft -1.3% p.a. Better aircraft utilisation -0.3% p.a. Operational measures -0.1% p.a. Infrastructure measures -0.2% p.a. Technology retrofits -0.1% p.a. Biofuels -0.7% p.a. Economic measures -2.2% p.a. (Economic Model) EU Proposal for Copenhagen Climate Conference This model comprises the benefits of all measures considered. Only under very beneficial conditions all of them will be realised. Depending on governments mainly for infrastructure (e.g. SES) IATA Source: IATA Aviation Carbon Model

11 Policy related Framework: Addressing Aviation s Climate Impacts FP7 Research and Development of New Technologies Advanced technologies for next generation aircraft (Level 1 & Level 2) Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative ( 1.6 billion over 7 years) Sustainable alternative fuels ATM Modernisation: Single European Sky, SESAR Joint Undertaking New Standards: Through ICAO, e.g. new aircraft CO2 standard Market-Based Measures EU Emissions Trading Scheme ETS for Aviation gives a long-term, predictable commercial incentive to use things like biofuels Includes direct support for aviation biofuels

12 Industrial Framework Source: Airbus SAS

13 Industrial Framework Lufthansa Biofuel Tests on Scheduled Flights In the six-month practical trial involving biosynthetic fuel, 1187 biofuel flights were operated between Hamburg and Frankfurt. According to initial calculations, CO2 emissions were reduced by 1471 tons. Total consumption of the bio-kerosene mix amounted to 1,556 tons. The highlight of the biofuel trial at Lufthansa was the first scheduled transatlantic flight to the United States on 12th Jan A Boeing , carrying about 40 tons of a biosynthetic fuel mix, flew from Frankfurt to Washington.

14 Industrial Framework Boeing, Airbus and Embraer to Collaborate on Aviation Biofuel Commercialisation Source: On 22nd March 2012 Boeing, Airbus and Embraer signed a memorandum of understanding to work together on the development of drop-in, affordable aviation biofuels. The three leading airframe manufacturers agreed to seek collaborative opportunities to speak in unity to government, biofuel producers and other key stakeholders to support, promote and accelerate the availability of sustainable new jet fuel sources.

15 Industrial Framework Algae.Tec and Lufthansa Sign Collaboration Agreement to Build Biofuel Production Facility in Europe Source: Extract from Press Reslease 19th September 2012 Algae.Tec Ltd, Australia is pleased to announce that Algae.Tec and Lufthansa have signed a Collaboration Agreement for the construction of a large-scale algae to aviation biofuels production facility. The site will be in Europe adjacent to an industrial CO2 source. Lufthansa will arrange 100% funding for the project. Algae.Tec will receive licence fees and profits from the Project, which will be managed by Algae.Tec. The Agreement states: Both parties will jointly develop a large-scale industrial algae oil production plant based on Algae.Tec s technology and operating support, and Lufthansa s offtake commitment for such algae oils. Algae oil produced by the Project shall fulfill at all times the EU Renewable Energy Directive ( EU-RED ) and shall be certified according to ISCC Standard.

16 80% cut in NOx emissions Halving perceived aircraft noise Five-fold reduction in accidents Air traffic system capable of handling 16 million flights a year 50% cut in CO2 emissions per passenger/km 99% of all flights within 15 min. of timetable 2000 Goals of Vision 2020 and ACARE Airframe 20-25% Engines 15-20% Operations 5-10% 2020 How is the 50% CO 2 Reduction Achieved? 16

17 Input from Aeronautics Stakeholders Europe s Joint Strategic Approach in Aeronautics and Air Transport October 2004 November 2008 Addendum March 2011 Flightpath 2050 Sept SRIA* June 2000 October 2002 SRA-1 SRA-2 Vision 2020 *) SRIA = Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda for Aviation

18 Europe s Vision for Aviation Flightpath 2050 Protecting the Environment and the Energy Supply 75% reduction in CO 2 emissions per passenger kilometre to support the ATAG target, a 90% reduction in NO x emissions, 65% reduction of the perceived noise (Reference: 2000). Aircraft movements are emissionfree when taxiing. Air vehicles are designed and manufactured to be recyclable. Europe is established as a centre of excellence on sustainable alternative fuels Europe is at the forefront of atmospheric research

19 Joint Initiatives: Industry/ Policy European Biofuels Flight-Path Biofuels Flight-Path 2020 is a joint initiative of the airline and biofuels industries and the EC To achieve yearly production of 2 million tons of sustainable biofuels used in the EU civil aviation sector by the year 2020 (4% of EU airlines fuel needs, 10% of EU major airlines) Establishing appropriate and effective financial mechanisms to support the construction of industrial first of a kind advanced biofuel production plants

20 Joint Initiatives: Industry/Policy European Biofuels Flight-Path Short-term (next 0-3years) Mid-term (4-7 years) Long-term (up to 2020) Addressing funding mechanism; Significant volume of FT synthetic biofuels (>1000 tons); Ensure a market for aviation biofuels; industrial 2 nd generation biofuels plants; Mobilise fuel suppliers and logistics along the supply chain First quantities of algae oils used to produce aviation fuel; 1.2 million tons of biofuels blended with kerosene. Construction of 2nd series of 2 nd generation plants including algae biofuels and pyrolytic oils from residues. Operational by million tons of biofuels are blended with kerosene. Biofuels are used in most EU airports.

21 EU Funded Associated Research 7th Framework Programme ( ) for TLR 5 Transport (incl. Aeronautics) Programme Food, Agriculture & Biotechnology Programme Renewable Energy Programme Joined Call with Directorate Energy for TLR 5-6 (demonstrators) 2012: 10M ; SWAFEA study (on sustainable ways for alternative fuels and energy in aviation, DG MOVE - Transport) Stakeholders involved in the definition of annual work programmes International co-operation (with non EU countries) welcomed (co-funding in some cases)

22 FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation DREAM (Validation of radical engine architecture systems) The large scale integrated project addresses the goals of reducing CO2 and the increasing cost of Jet A1 fuel through: Increasing rotor efficiency Novel enabling architectures and structures Characterising alternative fuels and demonstrating the operation of a small turbofan engine with the selected alternative fuel Co-ordinator: ROLLS-Royce Plc Total cost: EU contribution: st Febr to 31st Jan Partners

23 FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation DREAM (Validation of radical engine architecture systems) Project Structure

24 FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation Alternative Fuels and Biofuels for Aircraft Development The goal of ALFA-BIRD is to investigate and develop a variety of alternative fuels for the use in aeronautics. (Collaboration with CAAFI (USA), SWAFEA, DREAM) The four fuels selected are Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel FSJF, Fischer-Tropsch - Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene FT-SPK, a blend of FT-SPK and 50% naphthenic cut, and a blend of FT-SPK and 20% hexanol. This fuel matrix offers the possibility to evaluate the potential of different chemical families Co-ordinator: European Virtual Institute for Integrated Risk Management Total cost: EU contribution: st Febr to 31st Jan Partners

25 FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation SAFUEL The Safer Fuel System To improve fuel system safety (evolution in the aircraft material and in the fuel) Fuel Systems (FS) are critical for aircraft safety. Fire, ice and system failures are typical safety hazards associated to FS. FS accidents, though only representing 2% of accidents/incidents, continue to be a recurrent concern, especially as: the complexity of FS escalades to cope with increasing needs, including more stringent safety requirements; flight conditions evolve with new routes at high altitude. Co-ordinator: ZODIAC INTERTECHNIQUE Total cost: EU contribution: st Sept to 31st Aug Partners

26 FP7 Projects Related to Biofuels for Aviation FP7 Projects of the Food, Agriculture & Biotechnology Programme

27 Horizon 2020 Name: The Future Common Strategic Framework of the European Union Horizon Framework Programme for Research & Innovation Time Frame: 7 years ( ) and beyond Budget: 80 billion Euro proposed by the Commission Funding Schemes: fewer, more flexible and user-friendly Tentative Implementation Time Schedule: Dec During 2012 Presentation of Horizon 2020 to the Council of Member States Consultation Process of European Parliament and Council 1st Half 2013 Decision of Parliament and Council on Horizon 2020 Jan Start of Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research Innovation

28 Horizon 2020 Objectives & Structure International Cooperation Europe 2020 priorities European Research Area Shared objectives and principles Common rules, toolkit of funding schemes Tackling Societal Challenges Health, demographic change & wellbeing Food security and the bio-based economy Secure, clean and efficient energy Smart, green and integrated transport Climate action & Resource Efficiency including Raw Materials Inclusive, innovative and secure societies Industrial Leadership & Competitive Frameworks Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies (ICT, nano, materials, bio, manufacturing, space) Access to risk finance Innovation in SMEs Simplified access Excellent Science Base European Research Council Future and Emerging Technologies Marie Curie actions on skills, training and career development Research infrastructures Supporting the objectives: European Institute for Innovation & Technology Joint Research Centre Dissemination & knowledge transfer

29 The Future Where are we? Europe s Vision for Aviation and the SRIA of ACARE address the challenge of needs for alternative fuels Solutions have to involve national, European and international level (e.g. ICAO works on global ETS) World-wide promising pilot initiatives exist For alternative fuels the aviation stakeholders look for Sustainability Availability Price Certification of new fuels Europe s new Framework Programme Horizon 2020 offers an opportunity and a multi-national platform for the need technologies

30 Thank you for your attention!