WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy ICEEE th -18 th August 2016 Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh United Kingdom

Transcription

1 WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy ICEEE th -18 th August 2016 Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh United Kingdom Volume 3: International Conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, September 2016 ISSN: ISBN: Edited by: Dr. Renu Singh, IARI, New Delhi, India Dr. Anil Kumar, PSU, Thailand Published by World Energy and Environment Technology Ltd.

2 Experimental Investigation on the Spiral Wind Turbine with 0.5kW through Site Operation H. S. Ji 1*, B. S. Kim 2, S. K. Min 2, J. H. Baek 2, R. Mieremet 2, K. C. Kim 1 1 Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of KOREA 2 ESCO-RTS, Daejeon, Republic of KOREA * Corresponding author s mail: hsji@pusan.ac.kr Abstract The electric generation by 0.5 kw class Archimedes spiral wind turbine was carried out in site operational condition, and the experiment was carried out during 10 months. The 0.5 kw class Archimedes Wind Turbine Systems for household employed in this study were consisted with generator for electric generation by wind energy, slip ring, anemometer, RPM sensor, electronic brake for safety on the extreme wind condition and control system. The diameter of wind turbine was approximately 1.5 m and made of FRP resin with fiberglass fabric through hand layup fabrication process. The three wind turbine systems for electric generation with auto yawing system were located the top of tower with 10m. And to minimize the flow field interaction from inter-turbine spacing, the wind turbine system were inter-spaced with 10m. The generated electric power was charged in energy storage system and the charging capacity was recorded during the site experimental period. Through site operational experiments on Archimedes spiral wind turbine for house-hold, the performance verification on the electric brake system for extreme wind condition was investigated, and the optimized facing of wind blade to the approaching wind was investigated through yawing system. Keywords: Natural gas; Concentration field; 1. Introduction Wind as a source of renewable energy receives a great attention as an increasingly viable solution to one of the most important issues of our time, that is, pollution free electricity for sustainable living. The continued dependence on depleting fossil fuel sources or nuclear power has the potential to wreck the world s economy and security. If the issue is not addressed with a sense of urgency, then the havoc that the recent nuclear power plant meltdown in Japan of 2011 or oil spills of the Gulf of Mexico of 2010 caused, will pale in comparison threatening mankind s very existence. In the quest of using wind as a renewable source of energy, increasing attention is given to the production of electricity using small wind turbines for domestic and industrial buildings. In the state of New South Wales of Australia, for example, laws have been proposed to allow windmills with a generating capacity of 10 kw or less to be erected in residential areas, and 60 kw in rural and industrial areas with the addition of solar panels as an option for domestic power generation. In the s mall wind turbine field, two types of wind turbine will be classified as HAWT (Horizontal axis wind turbine) and VAWT (Vertical axis wind turbine). Archimedes spiral wind turbine, as new concept structure which using the Archimedes spiral principles, is one of the HAWT, but different from traditional HAWT that uses the lift force to take power from wind energy, the Archimedes spiral small wind turbine is mainly depended on the drag force. The Archimedes spiral wind turbine can be fully stripped of its kinetic energy by reversing the wind. This special structure decides the special aerodynamic characteristics in the small scale wind turbine. Particularly, in the circumstance such as around buildings, the advantage of the Archimedes spiral structure will more obviously according to the facts that there is always wind direction change and wind speeds are low. In the previous researches related on the Archimedes spiral wind turbine, theoretical and experimental researches have been carried out. Timmer and Toet set one model in the DNW wind tunnel at TU Delft with 0.14m radius and 3mm wall thickness to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics. In their report, the maximum power coefficient was measured at the optimum tip speed ratio. Theoretical approach to the Archimedes spiral wind turbine also has been accomplished base on angular momentum International conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, August 2016 Page 103

3 10m conservation. The relative velocity of outflow is uniform through the outlet area, in parallel with the tip of blades. The relationship between torque and tip speed ratio of the Archimedes spiral wind turbine was obtained. The output power was varied with the incoming airflow velocity, and the shape parameter of the Archimedes spiral. Lu et al. developed a design method of the Archimedes spiral wind turbine blade and performed a numerical simulation using ANSYS CFX v12.1. The radius of the 0.5kW class Archimedes wind turbine was 0.75m. The TSR-Cp diagram shows a typical parabolic relation in which the maximum efficiency of the blade approximately 25% exists at TSR=2.5. The objectives of this study can be summarized as follows; - To investigate continuous electric power generation at low starting wind speed condition. - To investigate the auto yawing characteristics with respect to the angle of attack change. - To investigate the safety of the electric brake system employed in Archimedes spiral wind turbine under extreme wind condition. - Fundamental feasibility study on stable power generation through long term site test. 1 Bed Excavation 2 Steel Reinforcement 3 Concrete Casting 4 Anchoring Figure 2. Ground making procedure 2. Experimental Setup and Procedures Figure 1 shows the experimental setup for site testing on the Archimedes spiral wind turbine with 500 W class wind electricity generation. The experimental model was consisted with auto yawing system for following the wind direction, electric brake for safety on extreme wind condition, and generator for electricity generation. And the experimental model was located with 10 m height from the ground. Spiral Type Blade Electric cable Break control cable RPM Measurement Figure 3. Wind Turbine Complex 10m 10m 10m Spiral Type Blade Wind-turbine Pole Shaft for Windturbine Wind velocity Wind Direction Electric Brake Frame Generator Yawing-System Temperature & Humidity Monitoring Room Figure 4. Schematic Diagram on the Site Test Complex Pole-Shaft Figure 1. Site Test Model with Yawing System Figure 2 shows the foundation working procedure from Bed excavation to Anchoring. After foundation working, the pole shaft with experimental model was setup. Figure 3 and 4 shows the small wind turbine complex with Archimedes spiral shape. To prevent the interference between wind turbine models, the individual experimental systems have 10 m spacing each other. The generated wind electricity was transmitted to the electric storage system in the monitoring room. All the experimental system was controlled under monitoring condition. 3. Results and discussions The average operating ratio can be defined as equation (1). International conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, August 2016 Page 104

4 (1) The nomenclatures used in equation (1) also defined following as table. 1. The operating ratio can be defined as performance measure with respect to the time domain for endurance test. It means that the normal operational period for total operational period under assessment period. Figure 6. Daily Operating Ratio (19 th Dec. 2013) T T Total Period T N Non-operational Time T U Unclear Status Time T E Analytical Ruled-out time Figure 5 shows the average operating ratio. As shown in Fig. 5, the average operating ratio was investigated with % from the eq. (1). Figure 7. Daily Operating Ratio (1 st Jan. 2014) Figure 8 shows the average generating electricity. As shown in Fig. 5, the average generating electricity was investigated with Wh and the average wind velocity condition for wind power electricity generation was investigated 2.32 m/s. Figure 5. Average Operating Ration Figures 6 and 7 show the daily operating ratio from the site assessment. As shown in Fig. 6, the period over 3 m/sec wind condition for electricity generation was investigated with 78, 689 sec (21.86 hours). And under this period, realistic operating period for wind electricity generation was investigated with 65,325 sec (18.15 hours). And in the case of Fig.7, the period over 3 m/sec wind condition for electricity generation was investigated with 57,616 sec (16.00 hours). And under this period, realistic operating period for wind electricity generation was investigated with 57,525 sec (15.98 hours). Figure 8. Average Generating Electricity Figures 9 and 10 show the daily generating wind power electricity from the site assessment. As shown in Fig. 9, the generating wind power electricity was investigated with 58Wh and averaging wind velocity condition for power generation was also investigated 2.74 m/s. And in the case of Fig. 10, the generating wind power electricity was investigated with 45.8Wh and averaging wind velocity condition for power generation was also investigated 4.24 m/s. International conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, August 2016 Page 105

5 of a stand-alone microgrid on Dongfushan Island, Applied Energy 113 (2014) [3] M. Bortolini, M. Gamberi, A. Graziani, R. Manzini, F. Pilati, Performance and viability analysis of small wind turbines in the European Union, Renewable Energy 62 (2014) Figure 9. Daily Generating Electricity (2 nd Mar. 2014) Figure 10. Daily Generating Electricity (24 th Nov. 2013) 4. Conclusions [4] A. Kusiak, Z. Zhang, A. Verma, Prediction, operations, and condition monitoring in wind energy, Energy 60 (2013) 1-12 [5] Md. Arifujjaman, M.T. Iqbal, J.E. Quaicoe, Reliability analysis of grid connected small wind turbine power electronics, Applied Energy 86 (2009) Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), granted financial resource from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Republic of Korea. (G ) And this was financially supported by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Promoting Regional specialized Industry. (G02A ) The feasibility on stable renewable electric power generation using the Archimedes spiral wind turbine model for household can be successfully investigated through site test during approximately 10 months. The conclusions through site test on small wind turbine can be summarized as follows; 1. Under 2 m/s condition, even though the generating electric power may be not so sufficient, this Archimedes spiral wind turbine can produce the electric power. 2. The auto yawing system with respect to the angle of attack change may be applied successfully. From this sense, the Archimedes spiral wind turbine employed in this study may be operated by optimized approaching wind direction for electric power generation. 3. The noise including background noise of the Archimedes spiral wind turbine employed in this study was measured under 45 dba. The Archimedes spiral wind turbine system may provide us urban usage feasibility. References [1] F. Balduzzi, A. Bianchini, E. A. Carnevale, L. Ferrari, S. Magnani, Feasibility analysis of a Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine installation in the rooftop of building, Applied Energy 97 (2012) [2] B. Zhao, X. Zhang, P. Li, K. Wang, M. Xue, C. Wang, Optimal sizing, operating strategy and operational experience International conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, August 2016 Page 106

6 Commonwealth Energy and Sustainable Development Network (CESD-Net) CESD-Net is a major global initiative in energy and sustainable development. The objective of network is to promote energy and sustainable development in commonwealth countries. Focussing on Multidisciplinary Research, Promoting Future Low Carbon Innovations, Transferring Knowledge and Stimulating Networking among Stakeholders to Ensure the UK Achieves World Leading Status in Energy and Sustainable Development. The 1st International Conference on Energy, Environment and Economics (ICEEE 2016) was held at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK, August ICEEE2016 focused on energy, environment and economics of energy systems and their applications. More than fifty eight delegates from 31 countries with diverse expertise ranging from energy economics, solar thermal, water engineering, automotive, energy, economics and policy, sustainable development, bio fuels, Nano technologies, climate change, life cycle analysis etc. made conference true to its name and completely international. During conference total 51 oral presentations and six posters were shared between delegates. The presentations showed the depth and breadth of research across different research areas ranging from diverse background. ICEEE2016 aimed: - To identify and share experiences, challenges and technical expertise on how to tackle growing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions and how to promote sustainability and economical, cost effective energy efficiency measures. In total 11 technical sessions and two invited talks both from academia and industry provided insight into the recent development on the proposed theme of the conference. Preparation, organisation and delivery of the conference started from July 2015 and further co-ordinated by vibrant team of Conference Centre, Heriot Watt University. Conference organisers would like to acknowledge support from the sponsors particularly World Scientific Publication ltd and its team members for the delivery of the conference. Organisers are also thankful to all reviewers who contributed during peer review process and their contributions are well appreciated. At the end and during vote of thanks following awards have been announced and we would like to congratulate all well deserving delegates. Best Paper Academia: Amela Ajanovic, EEG, TU Vienna, Austria Best Paper Student : Christian Jenne,University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Best Poster Student: Yoann Guinard, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Best Poster Academia: E. Salleh, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Active Participation Award - Yoann Guinard, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia At the end we would like to extend our gratitude to all of you for your participation and hopefully welcome you again during ICEEE2017. Editors: Dr. Singh is Senior Scientist at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. Her area of expertise are bio energy and bio fuels, environmental engineering, carbon accounting and renewable energy integration for rural development. Dr. Kumar is visiting faculty at Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. He have 16 years of research and teaching experience in the field of solar energy, drying and energy efficiency. WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy- International Conference on Energy, Environment and Economics, September 2016 Edited by: Dr. Renu Singh, IARI, New Delhi, India Dr. Anil Kumar, PSU, Thailand Publisher: World Energy and Environment Technology Ltd., Coventry, United Kingdom Publication date: 12 September 2016 ISSN: ISBN: To purchase e-book online visit or conference@weentech.co.uk