MUNICIPALITY OF BUJUMBURA (SERVICES TECHNIQUES MUNICIPAUX «S E T E M U»)

Transcription

1 MUNICIPALITY OF BUJUMBURA (SERVICES TECHNIQUES MUNICIPAUX «S E T E M U»)

2 Technical Director of SETEMU Ing. SAIDI JUMA

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4 PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction Solid waste Management in Burundi Composition and Quantity of Solid waste Solid waste treatment Future prospects Conclusion

5 1. INTRODUCTION (1) Burundi is a landlocked country located in central Africa and has a surface of 27,834 square kilometer (km 2 ). The country has variable relief: lowlands along the Lake Tanganyika (altitude : 773m); peak Congo-Nile (altitude : 2,670m); central tablelands (altitude : 1,800m); East and North depressions (altitude : m); Concerning the climate, Burundi is a tropical country moderated by altitude where the annual average temperature is 23 C in the lowlands and 16 C at the peak Congo Nile.

6 1. INTRODUCTION (2) As far as demography is concerned, Burundi is one of country with the highest population densities in Africa, high poverty rates and increased disease incidences. The population is about 9,000,000 inhabitants, its density is 350 inhabitants per square kilometer (km 2 ) and the annual growth rate is 3%. As a consequence of this situation, the quantity of solid waste increases quickly and poses many problems to sanitation and environmental areas, mainly in the city of Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi where more than 7% of the population of the country is living.

7 2. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE CITIES A. Generalities (1) In Burundi, most of the cities especially the suburbs are not properly planned and upgraded with the ever increasing population. None of the cities have a proper solid waste management system. There is a void of a planned procedure from the collection of wastes to its disposal. This results in clogged drains and polluted ponds that are breeding ground for mosquitoes and flies.

8 A. GENERALITIES (2) These wastes are a serious threat to public health and have spread life threatening diseases such as malaria and cholera especially among the children. Cities also lack solid waste disposal units; the uncollected waste-water is channeled through open grounds, settlements, agricultural land and eventually flows in open clean water. Burundian people do not have the financial resources and therefore, they are not able to afford medical facilities

9 Photo 1 : Clogged drains

10 B. BUJUMBURA MUNICIPALITY The town of Bujumbura is located at the Northern-East part of the Lake Tanganyika with an average altitude of 800m, has a population of more than 630,000 inhabitats. Most of the solid wastes is composed of poisonous and acidic materials such as plastic, rubber, metal, textile waster, animal waste, grass and is mixed with water sources which are the inflows of Lake Tanganyika from which all drinking water of Bujumbura is drawn. The big solid waste quantity found in the town generated many problems in the city as far as management is concerned; The sector of solid waste managements undertakes three stages :

11 B. 1 RESIDENCE CONDITION This stage is under the responsibility of the households that must keep their solid waste inside their fences waiting for its collection; Conditioning in residence is made in a no hygienic way because waste is deposited in not sealed baskets or sacks; As the collecting is carried out once per week, the waste start to ferment and attract flies and other vermins and release the bad smells.

12 B. 2 THE COLLECTING OF WASTE (1) The system of collecting is door to door. It is done by private associations and microenterprises which are remunerated by the households with a price agreed by the two parties. It is about an open collection where waste is deposited in baskets or bags even on the ground, in front of doors of houses or fences. Transport is done by discovered trucks with risk of scattering in the street, the light waste like paper and the plastic.

13 B. 2 THE COLLECTING OF WASTE (2) Collected waste is forwarded to a dump not landscaped. It is a clayey and marshy ground where waste is deposited in bulk. Waste does not undergo any treatment; It is also frequent to meet wild deposits of waste through the city mainly around the markets and other Community equipments. The public becomes aware of the importance of the collection of solid waste and some pays the fees relating to those services, but is unaware of the nuisances generated by improperly treated waste. Their wish is an aesthetic nature because the great concern is especially related to the wild deposits disseminated through the city.

14 Picture 2: Trucks used to transport waste are discovered

15 Picture 3: Trash dump of Butere: Clayey/marshy ground, waste is deposited in bulk

16 Picture 4: Current trash dump of Mubone : a clayey and marshy ground, waste is deposited in bulk and is burnt

17 B. 2 THE COLLECTING OF WASTE (3) All the solid waste sector is full of gaps. From upstream to downstream of collection till the setting in dump. The big challenge is an institutional nature. The institutional framework of the sector is not clear. That prevented from setting up a strategy of good waste management, the settlement of a tariff structure for perpetuating services of waste management, etc.

18 3. COMPOSITION AND QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE The quantity of waste collected is about 44,500 cubic meter (m 3 ) a year. According to studies made by GKW CONSULT, the calculations and estimates of quantities produced at the horizon of 2013, should be 632,505 cubic meter (m 3 ) a year. Hence, a large quantity of waste is not collected and causes many problem in cities. That means, fourteen (14 %) percent of solid waste are collected towards the dump.

19 THE COMPOSITION AND QUANTITIES OF WASTE CURRENTLY PRODUCED N Waste Category Quantity / year(m 3 ) 1 Household wastes 425,255 2 Commercial waste 10,000 3 Industrial waste 93,250 4 Waste of the markets 60,000 5 Draining muds of the septic tanks 30,000 and latrines 6 Industrial muds 6,000 7 Rubbish of garden 8,000 Total 632,505

20 4. SOLID WASTE TREATMENT (1) The town of Bujumbura does not have a solid waste management system. Solid waste is discharged in disorder on a not landscaped site and do not undergo any treatment. This situation is particularly a nuisance to sanitation and environmental areas : The pollution of surface and underground water that are mixed with the liquid coming from the decomposition of solid waste;

21 4. SOLID WASTE PROCESSING (2) Proliferation of flies and rodents; The recovery of the objects which turn over in the trade-circuit (because the site is not enclosed); Gases and smoke coming from the waste incineration of solid waste; Olfactory and aesthetic nuisance resulting from the scattered dump about the city;

22 Picture 5: Wild deposits through the city/smoke coming from the waste incineration of solid waste

23 Picture 6: wild deposits of waste nearby community equipments/smoke coming from the waste incineration of solid waste

24 Picture 7: The recovery of the objects which turn over in the trade-circuit The recovery of the objects which turn over in the tradecircuit (because the site is not enclosed);

25 5. FUTURE PROSPECTS To face the sanitation and environmental challenges related to the current situation of solid waste in Bujumbura, the Government plans to set up measures of rectification, hereafter: Realization of a studies of solid waste management in the city of Bujumbura and other cities with high densities of population; Availing of adequate transport equipments of solid waste; Landscaping of a controlled modern dump, landfill operation, composting, and other technical methods after treatment for ultimate and special solid waste (residues of valorization); Building Capacity for staff in charge of solid waste management; Information and sensitization of the population because the success of the operation depends on the awareness of the population concerned.

26 6. CONCLUSION Burundian government does not have technical and financial means to implement all these projects. That is why it is seeking for financial and technical partners for their implementation. We hope to learn many things from this workshop such as: The sharing of experience with other countries where solid waste management is upgraded; how to remove the gaps and how we can make it possible to find solutions to challenges that other countries have already overcome; To learn solid waste management technique and its component, etc.

27 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION