ASU Regional Water Quality Center Algae and Associated Drinking Water Challenges

Transcription

1 TL13 TL14 Regional ASU Regional Center Algae and Associated Drinking Challenges A Cooperative Research and Implementation Program Arizona State University (Tempe, AZ) Peter Fox, Morteza Abbaszadegan, Marisa Masles, Matt Sokolowski Salt River Project Central Arizona Project City of Phoenix, City of Chandler, City of Tempe, City of Peoria, City of Glendale Epcor & Environmental Technology Center Workshop SRP Pera Club September 23, 2016

2 Slide 1 TL13 TL14 Change Date (DONE)

3 TL2 Regional Agenda Purpose: Provide a forum to review and discuss on-going regional water quality issues, in particular algae-associated issues. 8:15 Refreshments 8:30 Introductions 8:45 Overview of water quality in in the water supply system (Fox and Abbaszadegan) 9:15 Discussion of State of the Center Working Together for the Future 9:25 Stretch 9:35 The sorption of MIB to PAC during coagulation processes (Apul/Westerhoff) 9:50 Quagga Mussel Potential for Survival in Salt and Verde Reservoirs (Buell/Fox) 10:10 Prechlorination impacts on GAC and THM Formation (Lee/Westerhoff) 10:20 Treatment capability of UV and peracetic acid: Implementation of Emerging Technologies (Cooper/Abbaszadegan) 10:30 Future directions & discussion 11:00 Meeting adjournment & Environmental Technology Center

4 Slide 2 TL2 Fox Update

5 Regional Introductions Name? Affiliation? What do you want to hear today? & Environmental Technology Center

6 TL3 Regional Workshop will present results as water moves down through the watershed & Environmental Technology Center

7 Slide 4 TL3 Same

8 TL4

9 Slide 5 TL4 Same

10 TL15 TL16 Regional Hydrology Affects (conductance can affect algal dominance) & Environmental Technology Center

11 Slide 6 TL15 Update TL16 (DONE)

12 TL17 TL18 Regional Reservoir stratification over the years Depth from surface (m) DO (mg/l) Summer Winter 2/4/2008 8/4/2008 2/1/2010 8/2/2010 2/7/2012 8/6/2012 1/7/2014 8/5/ /2/2014 2/1/2016 4/4/2016 6/6/2016 Depth from surface (m) Bartlett Lake winter & summer Temp (C) Winter Summer 2/4/2008 8/4/2008 2/1/2010 8/2/2010 2/7/2012 8/6/2012 1/7/2014 8/5/ /2/2014 2/1/2016 4/4/2016 6/6/2016

13 Slide 7 TL17 Only Include Even Years TL18 (DONE)

14 TL7 Regional Reservoir Conditions Affect Lake Pleasant

15 Slide 8 TL7 Same

16 TL19 TL20 Regional Saguaro Lake Depth from surface (m) DO (mg/l) Summer Winter 8/5/2013 9/10/ /5/2013 1/7/2014 3/4/2014 6/3/2014 8/5/2014 1/6/2015 3/10/2015 6/2/2015 8/31/2015 1/12/2016 2/1/2016 3/7/2016 4/4/2016 Depth from surface (m) Temperature ( C) Winter Summer 8/5/2013 9/10/ /5/2013 1/7/2014 3/4/2014 6/3/2014 8/5/2014 1/6/2015 3/10/2015 6/2/2015 8/31/2015 1/12/2016 3/7/2016 Destratification typically occurs around October

17 Slide 9 TL19 Add 2016 TL20 (DONE)

18 Regional Lake Destratification Outlet from bottom Outlet from bottom Thermally Stratified - Algae & MIB are on top - Dead cells sink and release MIB Post-stratification - Algae & MIB mix with depth - Increased MIB in outlet - Food and O2 fuels rapid biodegradation

19 TL21 TL22 TL23 TL24 Regional Secchi Disk Depth Influenced by Inorganic Suspended Sediment and/or Organic Biomass Typical values in Bartlett: Peak Values in Summer Typical values in Saguaro: Currently Increasing

20 Slide 11 TL21 Update with 2016 TL22 TL23 TL24 (DONE) Plot Only (DONE)

21 TL11 Regional Secchi Disk Depth Spikes in Spring over Last 4 Years Typical values in Bartlett: Peak Values in Summer Typical values in Saguaro: Currently Increasing

22 Slide 12 TL11 Plot Only (DONE)

23 TL25 Regional Common Algal T&O Compounds Taste threshold ~ 10 ng/l Chlorine residual can mask odors T&O is a worldwide issue affecting the publics confidence in drinking waters, but is not regulated Parameter MIB Geosmin (2-methyisoborneol) Full Name (1-R-exo)-1,2,7,7- tetramethyl bucyclotran-1, 10-dimethyl-trans- 9-decalol [2,2,1]-heptan-2-o1 Molecular Formula C 11 H 20 O C 12 H 22 O Molecular Weight 168 g-mole g-mole -1 Boiling Point 197 o C 165 o C Aqueous Solubility 195 mg/l 150 mg/l K ow Henry s Law Constant atm m 3 -mole atm m 3 -mole -1 Structure Source: (Pirbazari et al. 1992)

24 Slide 13 TL25 Same

25 TL12 AB1 Regional Geosmin Data Geosmin (ng/l) Lake Pleasant Eplimnion Lake Pleasant Hypolimnion Geosmin (ng/l) Bartlett Lake Eplimnion Bartlett Lake Hypolimnion Geosmin (ng/l) Saguaro Lake Eplimnion Saguaro Lake Hypolimnion 0 0

26 Slide 14 TL12 AB1 Update Done A B, 9/20/2016

27 TL26 TL27 Regional MIB Data Lake Pleasant

28 Slide 15 TL26 TL27 Update (DONE)

29 TL28 TL29 Regional MIB Data Bartlett Lake R6A(Bartlett) R2A(Pleasant) R9A(Saguaro) Epilimnion MIB (ng/l) Saguaro MIB = 0.15e 0.21x R 2 = 0.64 Bartlett MIB = e 0.35x R 2 = Epilimnion Temperature (C)

30 Slide 16 TL28 TL29 Update (DONE)

31 TL30 TL31 Regional MIB Data Saguaro Lake

32 Slide 17 TL30 TL31 Update (DONE)

33 TL32 TL33 Regional Most Recent Data 8/31/2016 Sample Description Location MIB (ng/l) Geosmin (ng/l) Lake Pleasant (Aug) Eplimnion 3.5 <2.0 Lake Pleasant (Aug) Hypolimnion Verde Beeline Bartlett Reservoir Bartlett Reservoir Bartlett Reservoir Salt BluePt Bridge Saguaro Lake Saguaro Lake Saguaro Lake Saguaro Lake Epilimnion Epi near dock Hypolimnion Epilimnion Epi Duplicate Epi near dock Hypolimnion < <2.0 Lake Havasu (Aug) Verde River at Tangle Creek (July) Roosevelt at Salt River Inlet (June) ns ns ns ns MIB values in August 15 were much higher (45-86 ng/l)

34 Slide 18 TL32 Replace Data for 8/2016 TL33 (DONE)

35 Regional What about further upstream? 8/2/16 - Most Recent Data

36 TL35 TL36 Regional MIB Growth in AZ canal from below X Con to Central Ave. What changed after 2006? -After long-term drought - lower conductivity water -Less frequent changes in water blending -SRP cleaned out forebay below Pima in 2006

37 Slide 20 TL35 TL36 Update (DONE)

38 TL37 Regional The Consolidated Canal The consolidated canal flows off the SRP South Canal, and provides the water supply for the Chandler WTP Consistent geosmin production in the canal occurred in 2013 and again in December 2014 Numerous wells flow into the Consolidated Canal Groundwater pumping in late 2014 resulted in a tremendous spike due to increased nitrogen levels. Special sampling was done in December 2014 & Environmental Technology Center

39 Slide 21 TL37 Same

40 TL38 Regional Special Sampling December 2014 A sampler biked along Consolidated Canal to identify a hotspot Chandler Treatment Plant Sampled on: December 12 13, 2014 Geosmin (ng/l) CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP #9 6.9 CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP # CH WTP #8a 13.3 CH WTP #8b 12.7 CH WTP #8c 12.8 CH WTP #8d 12.8

41 Slide 22 TL38 Same

42 TL39 Regional Special Sampling December 2014 The hotspot was traced to a spot located 1.5 miles above the Treatment Plant from a well that was extremely high in Nitrogen and overgrown with algae was flowing into the canal and leading to elevated Geosminlevels. Treatment with Copper Sulfate was recommended and Geosmin levels decreased.

43 Slide 23 TL39 Same

44 TL40 Regional Copper Application

45 Slide 24 TL40 Same

46 TL42 TL52 Regional MIB Levels Higher in AZ Canal System Compared Against South Canal System

47 Slide 25 TL42 TL52 Update (DONE)

48 TL45 Regional T&O Trends Saguaro Lake has consistently produced highest levels of T&O Minimal production of MIB in canals over last 5 years Significant production of Geosmin in Consolidated canal for prolonged period in 2013 through this year & Environmental Technology Center

49 Slide 26 TL45 Fox Update

50 Regional Long Term Trend in DOC 10 Lake Pleasant Bartlett Lake Saguaro Lake DOC (mg/l)

51 Perturbations to the Salt Verde River System Drought , 2012 Present Increases Salinity of Salt River Fires Rodeo Chidisky ,000 Acres Burnt Alters Runoff and Carbon Content Roosevelt Dam Raised 77 Feet in % Increase in storage

52 TL46 TL47 AB2 Regional Recent Trends in DOC not apparent 10 Lake Pleasant Bartlett Lake Saguaro Lake 8 DOC (mg/l)

53 Slide 29 TL46 TL47 AB2 Update Last 5 Years Only Done A B, 9/20/2016

54 TL48 TL49 AB3 Regional Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm Lake Pleasant Bartlett Lake Saguaro Lake SUVA L/m/mg)

55 Slide 30 TL48 TL49 AB3 Update Last 5 Years Only DONE A B, 9/20/2016

56 TL50 AB4 Regional Salt River: Multi Reservoir DOC levels Salt River: Multi Reservoir DOC Levels DOC (mg/l) Jan 15 Feb 15 Mar 15 Apr 15 May 15 Jun 15 Jul 15 Aug 15 Sep 15 Oct 15 Nov 15 Dec 15 Jan 16 Feb 16 Mar 16 Apr 16 May 16 Jun 16 Saguaro Apache Canyon Roosevelt

57 Slide 31 TL50 AB levels DONE A B, 9/20/2016

58 Regional DOC Summary DOC levels in Salt River reservoirs are showing an increase this year after a decrease over the past 5 years. DOC profiles exist in the water column (higher levels near the surface where algae is active) & Environmental Technology Center

59 Regional The End! & Environmental Technology Center

60 Regional State of the Center Center has been Collecting Data Since 1998 Continuous Community Support and Involvement has Been Critical Instruments for TOC and Taste and Odor Compounds are Currently Being Updated Ask Marisa about defragging the Varian & Environmental Technology Center

61 Regional Taste and Odor Analysis Leco Pegasus 4D Time of Flight mass spectrometer with an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph (GCxGCxTOF MS) Autosampler is a Gerstel MPS Robotic system that has a variety of sample prep features and can do solid phase micro extraction, liquid injection, headspace extraction, and thermal desorption Total Cost $400K+ & Environmental Technology Center

62 Regional Total Organic Carbon/Total Nitrogen Analyzer New Shimadzu TOC/TN Analyzer TOC L Analyzer $35K & Environmental Technology Center

63 Regional Cr VI in the News ASU invested in a low level Cr 6 detection system (MDL < 1 ppb) Several Research Projects have been completed and some are still ongoing Cr 6 does occur in metro Phoenix area groundwaters, and across the southwestern USA, due to natural sources Technologies do exist to treat Cr 6 to these ultra low levels point of use systems could be ready in 12 months & Environmental Technology Center