RESILIENCE RESOURCES AND ROADS

Transcription

1 CONCRETE RESILIENCE RESOURCES AND ROADS Cement, Concrete and Aggregates Australia is the peak body representing the interests of Australia s $7 billion a year heavy construction industry covering the cement, premixed concrete and extractive industries Dr. Warren South Director Research and Technical Services

2 CONCRETE IS.. Second most consumed product in the world after water. 30 billion tonnes worldwide (2006); 55 million tonnes in Australia Universal

3 CONCRETE IS.. Basic building material Ready mixed, pipes, pavers, grouts Ability to take on fluid form Locally engineered and manufactured Universal Versatile

4 CONCRETE IS.. Roman concrete buildings still functional Robust enough to withstand flying debris, fire and flood Universal Versatile Resilient

5 CONCRETE IS.. Application of material science to binders Incorporation of industrial co-products Systems to assist de-materialisation Universal Versatile Resilient Evolving

6 LESS EMISSIONS INTENSIVE PRODUCT Cement production Thermal and electrical efficiency Alternative fuels Clinker substitution Low carbon cements Concrete production Efficient use of natural resources Use of industrial coproducts in binders and aggregates Use of recycled/reclaimed water Concrete application Design for efficient use of delivered concrete Life Cycle Cost Analysis Design for durability and resilience

7 CONCRETE - RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGE Resources, Resilience and Roads Concrete a sustainable product Concrete - a resilient product Concrete integral to Greenstar construction Concrete life cycle advantages Concrete delivering sustainable and economic roads Resources

8 DEFINE SUSTAINABILITY? Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Our Common Future, Report of the Bruntland Commission, 1987 Tread softly because you tread on my dreams. Aedh Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven, William Butler Yeats, (1899) Resources, Resilience and Roads

9 CONCRETE IS A SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT MATERIAL SOCIAL Concrete enables safe, resilient and affordable housing and infrastructure Foundation for a safe and resilient built environment Affordable, flexible and energy efficient Design freedom and infinite variety of applications ECONOMY Concrete construction drives economic growth, innovation and jobs Driver of economic growth Key enabler of modern construction A local product for a local market ENVIRONMENT Concrete offers optimum whole-of-life performance High thermal mass, durability and sound insulation Recycling of constituent materials at the end of life Re-adaptation and reuse of structures

10 SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE RESILIENCE Global Impacts Climate Change Impacts Adaptation Responses Mitigation SUSTAINABILITY

11 RESILIENCE IN AN AUSTRALIAN CONTEXT BUSHFIRE STORM AND FLOOD

12 CONCRETE IS A RESILIENT PRODUCT Adaption Change in land use, relocation Emergency and business continuity planning Upgrades or hardening of building and infrastructure Residential programs promoting adaption Mitigation Energy conservation and efficiency Renewable energy Sustainable transportation, improved fuel efficiency Capture and use of landfill and digester gas Carbon sinks

13 CONCRETE IS A RESILIENT PRODUCT Adaption Change in land use, relocation Emergency and business continuity planning Upgrades or hardening of building and infrastructure Residential programs promoting adaption Seal buildings Green Infrastructure Energy and water conservation Smart Growth Mitigation Energy conservation and efficiency Renewable energy Sustainable transportation, improved fuel efficiency Capture and use of landfill and digester gas Carbon sinks

14 Reduction in embodied emissions Waste minimisation Preservation of natural resources

15 REVISION OF MAT-4 CONCRETE New Aim Replacement of Portland Cement (AS 3972) New points benchmarks Number of pathways to gain available points No distinction regarding concrete system employed New benchmarks for reclaimed water, coarse and fine aggregate Supporting documentation requirement Reporting requirement using structural engineer

16 CONCRETE SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES Binders Fly Ash Slag Amorphous Silica Mineral additions Aggregate Recycled Concrete Aggregate Reclaimed aggregate Slag aggregate Strategies Sand Manufactured sand De-materialisation Pre-stressed concrete

17 LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS energy energy energy energy energy RAW MATERIALS ACQUISITION MATERIALS MANUFACTURE PRODUCT MANUFACTURE PRODUCT USE OR ACQUISITION RECYCLE, RE-USE OR DISPOSE waste waste waste waste waste Recycle Reuse Cradle Cradle Gate Grave Resources, Resilience and Roads

18 ROADING BUILDING Resources, Resilience and Roads ELEMENTS TO CONCRETE LCAs MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION USE MAINTENANCE END OF LIFE Extraction Production Transportation Equipment Traffic delay Transportation Rolling resistance Carbonation Albedo Lighting Leachate Materials phase Construction phase Equipment Landfilling Recycling/Reuse Transportation MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION USE END OF LIFE Extraction Production Transportation Equipment Temporary structures Transportation Plug loads Lighting HVAC systems Thermal Mass Routine maintenance Demolition Landfilling Recycling/reuse Transportation

19 CONCRETE ROADS ARE A REAL ALTERNATIVE In view of the recent price movements of asphalt/bitumen versus concrete, the application of concrete pavements for road construction is more economically advantageous. Concrete roads now offer a sustainable, resilient AND economic alternative.

20 THE NEW PAVING REALITIES Impact of Escalating Asphalt prices on highway paving SOCIAL Examines the risk to government infrastructure costs through the rising costs of asphalt paving. Both initial bid and ongoing maintenance requirement. Uses LCCA data and modelling As a by-product of oil-refining, asphalts paving cost advantage has not just diminished but has reversed. This has been exascerbated by changes in oil refining practices. Long term modelling suggests this advantage will continue to grow with time. And the Australian context??????

21 RELATIVE PRICE CHANGES IN MATERIALS % CHANGE OVER PERIOD Petroleum = 154% Asphalt = 89% Concrete = 63% CONCRETE INCREASE IS 26% LESS THAN ASPHALT

22 LCCA Accounting for Inflation SOCIAL Extension of existing LCA methods to fully account for cost of initial construction and future cost of maintenance and rehabilitation through the useful life. Recommended by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to..demonstrate stewardship of taxpayer investments in transportation infrastructure Researchers have investigated the effects of inflation on the choice of paving materials over the life of a road construction project. Over a 50 year ( historic) time-frame, the real cost of asphalt increases by 95%, whereas the real cost of concrete decreases by 20%

23 PAVEMENT VEHICLE INTERACTION Savings in Fuel, GHG and sustainability Essential part of LCCA analysis up to 70% of GHG emissions due to unavoidable deflection of pavements. High level of uncertainty in field data relating PVI to performance of different paving systems SOCIAL A quantitative mechanistic model to relate fuel consumption (hence GHG emissions) to structural design parameters (pavement thickness) and material properties (stiffness, viscosity, strength of pavement layers etc). Fuel consumption found to scale with top layer and subgrade moduli Fuel consumption found to scale with pavement thickness. Model predicts asphalt thickness needs to be 25-60% thicker to give the same fuel consumption as concrete

24 DRIVING THE ROAD DOLLAR FURTHER Plain Concrete Pavement 14.8 km Plain Concrete Pavement+ Low Noise Diamond Grinding 12.8 km Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement + LNDG 10.8 km Full Depth Asphalt 10 km Asphalt over LMC subbase 8.9 km Asphaltic Concrete over heavy bound base 9.5 km Source: Actual project costs RMS NSW Hunter and Pacific Highway Upgrades.

25 APPLICATION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT Building to Greenstar requirements Roadside planting in swales water/light/heat LED lighting using maximum renewable energy Concrete and subbase maximising recycled content Pervious concrete high recycled content Overflow to black water collection

26 FURTHER READING Resources, Resilience and Roads

27 RESOURCES

28 Thank you Dr. Warren South Director Research and Technical Services