Groundwater Monitoring

Transcription

1 Groundwater Monitoring Report - end May 2001 SC C Final Environmental Protection Unit Scottish Executive Area 1-j (North) Victoria Quay Edinburgh EH6 6QQ GWDRAFT2 Enviros Aspinwall, 61 The Shore, Leith, EH6 6RA

2 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Quality Control Sheet Publication title: CAN: Groundwater Monitoring Report end May 2001 SC C Volume number: Version 1.0 Date: June 2001 File Reference: GWDRAFT2 Prepared under the management of: Signature Diarmid Jamieson Project Manager Directed, reviewed and approved by: Signature John Ferry Project Director Aspinwall & Company Limited 2001, trading as Enviros Aspinwall

3 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Contents Chapter Page 1 Introduction 1 2 Monitoring Plan 2 3 Results 4 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 10 5 References 15 Illustrations Figure 1 : Site Location Figure 2 : Environmental Monitoring Locations Figure 3 : Data Trends Figure 4 : Detailed Site Plan Appendix 1 Site Monitoring Results 2 Analytical Results 3 Landfill Gas Results

4 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Enviros Aspinwall 1

5 Introduction 1 Background Enviros Aspinwall (Enviros) was requested by the Scottish Executive (the Executive) to undertake a groundwater monitoring programme at the Birkshaw Forest site near Lockerbie (Figure 1). The site is being used for the mass burial of animal carcasses from the cull of uninfected farm animals around areas of confirmed foot and mouth disease. A Site and Operational Appraisal carried out by Enviros for the Executive in April 2001 (ref 1) indicated the need for continued environmental monitoring with respect to the risk of leachate migration to groundwater and surface waters. Objective This report presents the findings of the groundwater monitoring undertaken at the Birkshaw Forest site up to 23 May Both the results of the earlier SEPA monitoring and the current Enviros monitoring have been incorporated and reviewed. The report aims to interpret and report on the monitoring results in a timely and continuing fashion such that appropriate recommendations may be made and implemented in the event of any significant issues arising from the monitoring results. Relevant Reports The Site and Operational Appraisal undertaken in April 2001 (ref 1) and draft Groundwater Risk Assessment (ref 2) should be referred to for background details and risk assessment relating to the site. The Site Management Plan (ref 3, draft with Executive for consultation) should also be referred to for further background information. Details of the monitoring methodology including procedures, locations and equipment are given in the draft Environmental Monitoring Plan (ref 4), a summary of which is included in chapter 2 of this report. Enviros Aspinwall 1

6 Monitoring Plan 2 The Environmental Monitoring Plan (ref 4) details the monitoring methodology including procedures, locations and equipment, and presents programmes for: Surface water monitoring conducted by SEPA; Ground water monitoring conducted by Enviros Aspinwall; Liquor quality monitoring within pits conducted by Enviros Aspinwall; and Gas monitoring of pits and perimeter boreholes by Enviros Aspinwall The results of the groundwater monitoring programme and their interpretation are presented in this Report. Monitoring Locations The locations of all Groundwater Monitoring Locations are given in Figure 2. Surface Water Sampling Locations The six surface water monitoring locations are as follows: Bengall Burn: NY ; NE ditch: NY ; SE ditch: NY ; N ditch: NY ; Annan Birkshaw: (Downstream) NY ; and Annan at A709 (Upstream): NY Surface water monitoring and analyses has been undertaken and reported by SEPA. A detailed discussion of results obtained to date is therefore not included in this report. Groundwater Sampling Locations Groundwater samples are obtained from the following perimeter boreholes: BH A, D, E, G, H, I, J, K. Enviros Aspinwall 2

7 Monitoring Plan continued 2 History SEPA commenced daily surface water monitoring on 26 March 2001 and continued with this regime until 3 May This was then replace by weekly monitoring. Weekly groundwater sampling was commenced by Enviros on 3 May Prior to this SEPA had undertaken three monitoring visits, the last being carried out on 25 April Gas sampling has been undertaken weekly at the perimeter boreholes since 23 May Reporting of these results is outwith the scope of this report. However, a brief summary of results has been included. Liquor sampling has been undertaken monthly since 27 April Reporting of these results is outwith the scope of this report. However, a brief summary of results has also been included. Enviros Aspinwall 3

8 Results 3 Surface Water Surface water monitoring and analyses has been undertaken by SEPA and reported separately. A detailed discussion of results obtained to date is therefore not included here although results are included in Appendix 2. However, we have noted that ph in the south-east ditch is generally lower and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is generally higher than those levels recorded at the other sampling locations. This may be due to natural conditions at the ditch since results for these parameters have been fairly consistent since monitoring commenced. Groundwater Quality All samples have been submitted to Alcontrol Geochem, Rotherham for analysis. Five sampling events have been undertaken by Enviros. Results from the laboratory are currently available for the first three sampling events in addition to the three monitoring events data provided by SEPA, providing six weeks of analytical results. Samples of groundwater were collected by Waterra pumps and tubing left in-situ in each monitoring point. Prior to sample collection, each borehole was purged 3 times (or until ph and Electrical Conductivity (EC) had stabilised) in order to obtain a representative sample of the groundwaters. Site test results are presented in Appendix 1. Laboratory analysis to date has been as follows: ph Conductivity Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Phosphate Copper Alkalinity Ammoniacal Nitrogen Manganese Nickel Suspended Solids Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Cadmium Lead Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Nitrite, Nitrate, Total Organic Nitrogen (TON) Iron Chromium Zinc Arsenic The tests were carried out on the filtered groundwater sample except for nitrogen phosphorus, suspended solids and electrical conductivity analysis. We understand that the analysis initially undertaken by SEPA was on non-filtered samples. Therefore we would expect higher results for particular determinands particularly metals and COD for the SEPA samples. All analytical results are presented in Appendix 2. Figure 3 shows trends in analytical results for selected determinands. Enviros Aspinwall 4

9 Results continued 3 Observations The appearance of the majority of samples recovered from the boreholes is a brown very cloudy water with sand. Pooled water was observed around BHA which had a grey cloudy appearance and also around BHJ which had an orange / brown tinge. Water pooled at these locations due to dips in the contours of the ground. At BHA on 23 May 01 this water was observed to be draining down over the metal borehole cover with the potential to migrate down the side of the plastic borehole casing. The water level at this borehole was close to that of the pooled surface water (around 20cm below the top of the raised borehole cover). However, at the latest monitoring visit (31 May 01) the pooled water around BHA was no longer present. Dredgings from the vehicle wash had been accidentally deposited over and around the borehole and the surface water appears to have been being absorbed by this material. Disposal of the dredgings at this location is a site management issue which has since been addressed. In the future, any dredgings will either be removed for disposal off-site or placed in one of the burial pits on site. Well Head Monitoring During sampling on-site, readings of ph, EC and temperature have been recorded on each monitoring visit in addition to groundwater levels and the volume purged. Whilst the site tests for EC generally agree with the lab tests, there are significant anomalies with respect to ph. On the first Enviros visit, ph measured on site for BHA was 8.9 with the lab reporting 8.0 and on subsequent visits BHA sample ph is reported as slightly lower by the laboratory. For BHG samples, the ph is reported as slightly higher by the laboratory. The difference in on-site and laboratory results may be due to a reaction occurring in the sample between the sample being taken and analysis in the laboratory or simply that the laboratory ph is carried out on a filtered sample where as the site test is not. ph testing is to be requested on a non-filtered sample in future to allow direct comprasion with the unfiltered site sample. EC is shown to be fairly stable in all borehole samples over time with the exception of BHA which shows elevated levels of EC with a reducing trend. The monitoring event of 23 May recorded a reduced (but still elevated) level of 1735 µs/cm (UK drinking water standard is 1500 µs/cm EC). The highest EC result recorded was 3720 µs/cm EC recorded on 3 May 01. Results Groundwater Quality Boreholes E, G, H and J on the north-western, western and southern areas of the site show generally similar levels for all parameters against one another and over time. However, there are variations in concentrations of parameters in Boreholes A and K and differences in water quality compared with the other monitoring points, as detailed below. Suspended solids are generally shown to increase over time in all boreholes. This is likely to be due to the high level of sand encountered during sampling. Enviros Aspinwall 5

10 Results continued 3 BHE, BHG, BHH, BHJ Boreholes BHE, BHG, BHH, BHJ show similar levels for all parameters except ph. The majority of results (except suspended solids) are considered to be low or within acceptable ranges (below the UK drinking water standards). The ph levels recorded for BHE, BHH and BHJ are generally around 7 whilst levels for BHG are recorded around 5.5. Metal concentrations are generally below detection limits in the groundwater, except for manganese, which is exhibited in all samples. Samples from every borehole have levels of manganese recorded in excess of the UK drinking water standards on at least one occasion. However, this is anticipated to be due to naturally occurring levels in the locality. BH G and BHJ exhibited slightly increased levels of iron on the latest results (31 May 2001). The 16 May 2001 test results for boreholes BHE, BHG, BHH and BHJ all recorded arsenic at levels of 2.94, 3.81, 2.91and 2.57µg/l respectively. Previous testing did not detect arsenic above the detection limit of 0.75 µg/l. However, these results are still significantly below the UK drinking water standard for this parameter (50µg/l) and are therefore not considered to be of importance. Kjeldahl Nitrogen was observed to be elevated in BHE, BHG, BHH and BHJ on 3 May 2001 with results varying from 4.22 to 5.79mg/l which is above the UK drinking water standard of 1mg/l. Concentrations decrease significantly on subsequent monitoring events (to 1mg/l or less than 1mg/l). Ammoniacal nitrogen was found to be slightly elevated in samples from BHE, BHH and BHJ on 23 May 01. Results varied from 0.67 to 0.73mg/l compared to a UK drinking water standard of 0.5mg/l. BHK Borehole BHK water quality differs from the other boreholes. It has a low ph (varying between 4.4 and 4.8), higher COD (fluctuating between 204mg/l on 3 May 2001 and 17mg/l on the latest visit), higher BOD (fluctuating between 47 mg/l on 3 May 2001 to less than 1.9mg/l on 16 May 2001). The SEPA groundwater monitoring also detected a high level of COD (2222mg/l) on 25 April Ammoniacal nitrogen is also elevated above the UK Drinking Water Standards (0.5mg/l) on all Enviros monitoring visits with a maximum result of 1.97mg/l recorded on the latest visit (31 May 2001). Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is noted to have decreased significantly from the initial result of 51.4mg/l to 3.24mg/l on 16 May Suspended solids have however increased significantly over time from 287mg/l on 3 May 2001 to 3860mg/l on 23 May The results from this borehole are considered to be indicative of migration of disinfectant wash from the vehicle wheel wash area. The disinfectant comprises Enviros Aspinwall 6

11 Results continued 3 mainly citric acid which would account for the lower ph at this location in addition to elevated COD and TOC at the beginning of May. This is further discussed in the following chapter. BHA BHA had very high levels for the following parameters in comparison to other locations, EC (3140 µs/cm), COD (5270 mg/l), alkalinity (1430 mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (276 mg/l), TOC (1280 mg/l), kjeldahl nitrogen (176mg/l) for the first set of results (3 May 2001). The COD level of 5270mg/l recorded on the 3 May 2001 subsequently shows a decreasing trend since that time. The latest result obtained (31 May 2001) remains high but has reduced to 1320mg/l. Similarly EC, ammoniacal nitrogen, TOC and Kjeldahl nitrogen are considered elevated but show decreasing trends over time. Alkalinity is also considered high with a maximum result of 1430mg/l recorded on 3 May The elevated results obtained for this borehole are further discussed in the following chapter. BHA exhibited levels of arsenic above the detection limit on all monitoring occasions. However, the results have been very low and are not considered to be significant (maximum concentration of 9.6µg/l on 16 May 2001 is below the Drinking Water Standard of 50µg/l). However, trace levels of metals are naturally found in groundwater. Comparison with Previous SEPA Results The initial monitoring undertaken by SEPA indicates generally higher results for metals and COD in groundwater samples. In particular, iron, manganese, lead, chromium and nickel are elevated above UK drinking water standards for these determinands in all the boreholes tested. However, our understanding is that tests were carried out on unfiltered samples which would explain the higher results previously obtained. Trace levels of metals are typically found in natural groundwater. The SEPA analysis from BHA had lower results for COD, TOC, ammoniacal nitrogen, EC and alkalinity prior to the Enviros sampling which commenced on 3 May This may be due to an incident described in detail in the next chapter. Results Groundwater levels Groundwater levels in the boreholes have generally remained stable or exhibited a slight decrease over time (less than 0.2m difference). BHH has gradually decreased over time by 0.6m. BHA behaved differently by showing a decrease in level of around 2m between 3 May 2001 and 10 May 2001 followed by an increase of around 2m by the next monitoring event on 16 May The level then decreased again by around Enviros Aspinwall 7

12 Results continued 3 2m by 31 May These level fluctuations are discussed later. Figure 2 shows trends in groundwater levels. Landfill Gas On 16 May 01 borehole BHD was observed to be venting air or gas. Gas monitoring of the boreholes was thus initiated the following week where it was found that BHD is under negative pressure and drawing in air when the cap is opened. Results are presented in Appendix 3. Gas monitoring has been carried out at the boreholes on 23 May and 31 May No methane has been measured at any borehole. Levels of CO 2 have been recorded at BHK with a result of 3.4% (23 May 2001) which had increased to 4.2% by the second monitoring event on 31 May On the second monitoring event, CO 2 levels of 0.7% and 0.9% have been recorded for BHE and BHG. Waste Management Paper (WMP) 27, which provides guidance levels for methane and CO 2 in boreholes states that methane above 1% or CO 2 above 1.5% is worthy of further investigation. Liquor One set of liquor testing results is available to date from the initial testing undertaken on 27 April Sample A is described as animal waste (a black turbid liquid) whilst Sample B is a wash bay waste (orange liquid). Analytical results are given in Appendix 2. Results for the animal waste exhibit extremely high results, as shown below. Parameter BOD COD Ammonia Alkalinity Max. Result 47,550mg/l 74,200mg/l 5,576mg/l 14,050mg/l However, these results are expected products of decomposing carcasses. ph is around neutral at 6.6. The wash bay waste also contains high levels of BOD (4836mg/l), COD (7880mg/l) and ammonia (616mg/l). The ph of the wash bay waste was slightly acidic at 5.8. Enviros Aspinwall 8

13 Results continued 3 Enviros Aspinwall 9

14 Conclusions and Recommendations 3 Indicators of Groundwater Contamination A detailed site plan of the areas described below is given in Figure 4. Boreholes E, G, H and J to the north-west, west and south of the site do not indicate significant contamination. However, ph levels in BHG may suggest low level contamination by low ph material. This is not considered to be significant since no other contaminants have been identified in the water. Borehole A in the east of the site has shown evidence of organic contamination from increased levels of COD (5270mg/l), TOC (1280mg/l), ammoniacal nitrogen (276mg/l) and kjeldahl nitrogen (176mg/l) from the first Enviros monitoring event of 3 May Although levels are now showing a decreasing trend, they still remain elevated. Electrical conductivity is very high (3140 µs/cm) and alkalinity is also very high. The site tests for EC over the last month show a reducing trend, this may indicate an improvement in the quality, or a pollution plume having travelled past this location. Borehole K in the south-east also shows indications of organic contamination, with increased levels of the same parameters as in BHA, but to a much lesser extent (maximum COD of 204mg/l, maximium BOD of 47mg/l and maximum TOC of 51.4mg/l, all recorded on 3 May 2001). The maximum result for ammoniacal nitrogen of 1.97mg/l was recorded on 31 May This borehole has a significantly lower ph at 4.6 which is likely to be an indicator of disinfectant contamination. Although soils in the vicinity of forest conifers can also have low ph levels this would likely also be reflected in other boreholes on site. With the exception of ammoniacal nitrogen, elevated determinands are generally decreasing over time at this location. Potential Sources of Contamination In order to understand the indicators of contamination in boreholes A and K, a review of sources of contamination on site has been conducted. The findings are presented below in Table 3.1: Table 3.1: Potential sources of groundwater contamination Sources of organic contamination Borehole relationship Unlined pits 1, 3 and 5 Wheel wash at eastern exit. No containment prior to mid April. Now collected and tankered off-site. Reception area (crushing, some liquor collection) Tank liquor treatment (4 static tanks) BHA is close to pit 5. Groundwater flow is anticipated to north, ie towards E, H and G, except for pit 5 which could be to the east. Immediately adjacent to BHA Immediately adjacent to BHA Immediately adjacent to BHA Enviros Aspinwall 10

15 Conclusions and Recommendations continued 3 It is apparent from these sources that BHA is most at risk from contamination. Site History of Releases The site operational history has also been reviewed in response to the contamination observed at boreholes A and K. Spillage from liquor management operation. Since contamination has been found in BHA, subsequent investigation by Enviros has found that a spillage occurred during this period from one of the static tanks located adjacent to BHA. During the peak culling operations, around the first week of May, liquor disposal operations peaked at litres per day. During this period, pumping into static tanks from the pits, was carried out by Rentokil-Ailsa assisted by the disinfectant team during the night after Rentokil-Ailsa had left the site. Part of this operation included pumping into static tanks adjacent to Pit 6 and BHA. At that time, the site had in operation 30 No litre static tanks, 1 No litre static tank and 2 No litre trailer tanks for the temporary storage of liquor. These tanks were dosed with Sodium Hydroxide crystals to raise the ph of the liquor. The incident occurred when one of the disinfectant team forgot to switch off the pump when they left the site early in the morning, around 4am. This was not discovered until Rentokil-Ailsa s arrival at 6am when they stopped the pump. Rentokil-Ailsa estimate that around 250 litre of fluid overtopped the tank during the intervening period. Due to the scale and urgency of the operations it had not been possible to install containment facilities around the tanks. The liquor spillage and uncontained disinfectant operations occurred during the height of the crisis when the operations were an emergency. The liquor spillage occurred at 4am after operatives had been on site for at least 18 hours and had been working similar hours, 7 days a week for the previous 5 weeks. It is likely that other liquor spillages have occurred during this period and investigations are ongoing. Site Exit Disinfectant Wash. In respect to the use of disinfectant, it is essential that all vehicles are thoroughly cleaned prior to leaving the site and is a requirement under the Foot and Mouth Regulations. Initially, this operation was carried out using pressure guns to spray the vehicles chassis and running gear. This was carried out with no measures to contain the liquid Enviros Aspinwall 11

16 Conclusions and Recommendations continued 3 (initial undiluted ph of disinfectant is 2.0). It was recognised that this operation had a potential to contaminate surface and groundwater and a sealed wheel-wash was installed on the 18 April However, the MAFF disinfectant operation continued to use pressure washers until the beginning of May at the wheel wash. The current wheel wash is a self-contained unit and has been cleaned out since its installation. The water was tankered off-site to a treatment plant. It is estimated that a significant quantity of disinfectant water went to ground prior to the installation of the wheel wash. Reception Pit This is located opposite Pit 6 and comprises an excavation dug into the low permeability clay. Here, the carcasses are tipped and processed with a waste compactor. The carcasses are then taken to the operational pit for disposal. At the end of the working day the pit is scraped out to clean with the resultant clay placed in the operational pit. Any liquor arising from the processing would be removed during this operation. It should be noted that the ph of any liquor would be around 7.0. Actions Taken to Minimise Contamination It has long been recognised and discussed that the potential for surface and ground water pollution from the operations on site is high. The following actions have been carr/ied out or are ongoing: Lining of pits and liquor removal; Liquor storage tanks the litre tank and 18 No litre tanks have been removed off-site. The remaining tanks have been left on site for liquor management over the weekends; An interim site management plan has been drawn up and is out to consultation with the regulatory authorities. The interim site management plan (Ref 3) has identified spillages as a key risk and the immediate actions to take place in such an event; The area around the liquor spillage adjacent to Pit 6 is currently being excavated down to the sub-soil; The bund to the east of Pit 6 comprises topsoil, tree roots and clay. This material is being removed to ascertain if there is any migration down slope from BHA to the north; The MAFF disinfectant operation adjacent to Pit 1 has an unlined pit containing disinfectant washings. It has been difficult for MAFF to manage this effectively and on Enviros recommendations the contents are now being sent to a licensed treatment facility through Rentokil-Ailsa. Following recommendations in the Interim Site and Operational Appraisal Report (Ref 1), measures such as the selfcontained wheel wash have been installed to reduce the risk of contamination from disinfectant washings; Enviros Aspinwall 12

17 Conclusions and Recommendations continued 3 Currently, works include the uplifting of contaminated and potentially contaminated clays which are being placed in the pits as an interim capping prior to constructing the overlying engineered cap. Appraisal Identification of the spillage and disinfectant migration was through the monitoring results of the relevant boreholes, emphasising the importance of continued monitoring. It is now known that a pollution incident occurred at the beginning of May (reported above) where approximately 250litres of liquor overtopped a containment tank in the vicinity of BHA. It is also known that prior to mid April disinfectant wheel wash was not contained (as described above). An old stone track is present at the east edge of the site between BHK and the site exit. This may have presented a preferential migration route for surface water flow to this location. It is probable that the contamination at BHK is indicative of migration of disinfectant wheel wash which would explain the low ph, high COD and high TOC at the beginning of May. In addition, the high COD level recorded by SEPA on 25 April 2001 was prior to the liquor spillage incident close to BHA. It is therefore considered likely that the results from BHA and BHK are indicative of different sources of contamination. The source of contamination at BHK has now been removed since the wheel wash is now a contained unit. On the sampling visit of 31 May 2001, further testing for semivolatile analysis and microbial tests was carried out at BHA and BHK. Results are not available at this time. The water level at BHA is shallow ( mbgl) but variable. The saturated deposits are a 2.7m thick clayey sand and gravel sitting on sandy boulder clay. The variability in water levels could be due to an imperfect surface seal and seepage from the ground (rain and spilled liquor) into the borehole. At BHK the sand and gravel is recorded to 4m where the borehole ends. The water level at this location is also shallow (at 1.1 to 1.6mbgl). The interpretation from the site contaminant source review and the operational history combined with the monitoring results are: Groundwater in BHA has been impacted both directly (via imperfect seal at ground level) allowing water to percolate into the gravel surrounding the borehole and thus into the groundwater at this location and indirectly (infiltration and lateral short distance saturated flow) by contaminated fluids. Groundwater in BHK has also been impacted by contaminated fluids. There is no simple evidence for direct contamination suggesting contamination has entered Enviros Aspinwall 13

18 Conclusions and Recommendations continued 3 the ground (possibly some overground flow), contaminated the water table and flowed laterally to BHK. The contamination seems to be disinfectant wheel wash. The key issue is the potential for further migration in groundwater to the east and south-east of the contaminated groundwater (there may also be a northern and northeastern component to this flow). Although the water quality at the south-east ditch shows low (acidic) ph and generally higher TOC than the surface water samples taken from other locations, these levels have been present since monitoring commenced in late March and are not considered indicative of contaminant impact on the ditch. Although it has been noted that a distinct boundary exists between sand and gravel deposits and sandy boulder clay, the sand and gravel is in a clay matrix which will delay leachate movement. Recommendations The options available to further assess and mitigate any impact from the contaminated groundwater are as follows: 1. Continued weekly monitoring. This allows rapid assessment of on-site wellhead monitoring data (EC and ph); 2. Upgrade laboratory reporting time from 10 days to 5 days (with possible cost implication); 3. Ideally install a sentinel borehole to the east of the site just beyond the track to identify any potential plume in advance of the ditch. A daily record of observations at the ditch should be made; 4. Review the results of the on-site excavation of the clay bund located to the north of BHA; 5. Complete the draft Groundwater Risk Assessment (ref.2) to include the findings of this monitoring report; and 6. As a contingency, it may be necessary to install an interception trench (dependent upon results of continued monitoring and observations). Enviros Aspinwall 14

19 References 4 1. Birkshaw Forest, Lockerbie Site and Operational Appraisal. Interim Report 2. Enviros Aspinwall, May Groundwater Risk Assessment for Birkshaw Forest Burial Pits, Lockerbie. Draft Report. Enviros Aspinwall, May Birkshaw Forest, Lockerbie Interim Site Management Plan. Enviros Aspinwall June Birkshaw Forest, Lockerbie Draft Environmental Monitoring Plan. Enviros Aspinwall, June Enviros Aspinwall 15

20 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Figures Enviros Aspinwall

21 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Figure 1 : Site Location Enviros Aspinwall

22 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Figure 2 : Environmental Monitoring Locations Figure 2a Figure 2b Enviros Aspinwall 18

23 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Figure 3 : Data Trends Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring COD Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Alkalinity Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring TOC Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring BOD Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Electrical Conductivity Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Ammoniacal Nitrogen Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Site ph Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Alkalinity Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Site Sample Temp Birkshaw Forest Groundwater Monitoring Water Level Enviros Aspinwall 19

24 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Figure 4 : Detailed Site Plan Enviros Aspinwall 20

25 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Appendices Enviros Aspinwall

26 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Appendix Site Monitoring Results 1 Enviros Aspinwall

27 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Appendix Analytical Results 2 Enviros Aspinwall

28 The Scottish Executive Environmental Monitoring Appendix Landfill Gas Results 3 Enviros Aspinwall