WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION ALONG A "TRIPLET" MAR SCHEME: WWTP, canal green biofilter, artificial wetland. Demo site Arenales, Spain

Transcription

1 WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION ALONG A "TRIPLET" MAR SCHEME: WWTP, canal green biofilter, artificial wetland. Demo site Arenales, Spain Dr. Enrique Fernández Escalante (efernan6@tragsa.es) Dr. Jon San Sebastián Sauto(jsss@tragsa.es) *

2 Index 1- INTRODUCTION 2- TRIPLETS DEPLOYED IN ARENALES AQUIFER 3- WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION DATA 4- INTERPRETATIONS UP TO DATE 5- CONCLUSIONS

3 1- INTRODUCTION Los Arenales groundwaterbody: 2,400 km 2, 96 villagesin the provinces of Valladolid, Segovia and Ávila. 46,000 inhabitants MAR activities since 2002 in three areas. Santiustebetween0 and 12,2 hm 3 /year Carracillobetween0 and 5,61 hm 3 /year Alcazarén, máximum 3 hm 3 /year A new scheme called triplet to improve MAR water quality is being tested in both areas within MARSOL project Volumes diverted from the aquifer and groundwater storage variation measured by means of Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method DIVERTED vs. RECHARGED VOLUME (hm 3 ) hm / / / / / / / / / /12 Santiuste Carracillo

4 MAR FACILITIES IN ARENALES AQUIFER, SPAIN

5 2- TRIPLETS DEPLOYED IN ARENALES AQUIFER. SANTIUSTE DECANTATION SYSTEM-BIOFILTER-ARTIFICIAL WETLAND WWTP by lagooning Biofilter in the East MAR channel 2 Artificial wetland 3 1

6 2- TRIPLETS DEPLOYED IN ARENALES AQUIFER. SANTIUSTE DECANTATION SYSTEM-BIOFILTER-ARTIFICIAL WETLAND -2 km long structure along a MAR canal -Starts at the junctionwwtp-mar canal with water from fluvial origin. SAT-MAR structure integrated by three elements: 1. WWTP 2. green biofilter 3. artificial ponds to finish the purification process Later the water returns to the MAR canal 1- WWTP lagooning -Volume of reclaimed water / fluvial water: below 5%. - High concentration of biological processes at the bottom.

7 2- Green biofilter. Double function: 1- Purifying activity on the potential pollutants by plants 2-Roots pierce and break the clogging in the canal, increasing the infiltration rate (despite their direct consumption of water). Most inventoried species are hydrophilic herbaceous with an annual cycle, rapid growth, high root expansion and ease of extraction with roots. E.g. (modified from Fdez. Escalante, 2005): Sanchón1 wetland (2,361 m 2 ). Dactylis glomerata Agrimonia eupatoria Althaea officinalis Althaea hirsuta Carum verticillatum Elymus hispidus susp. hispidus Galium palustre Iris pseudacorus Lolium rigidum subsp. rigidum Sparganium erectum Tetragonolobus maritimus var. hirsutus Triglochin palustris Ranunculus repens Sanchón 2 wetland (2,915,8 m 2 ). Double function: 3- Artificial wetlands 1-Purification of the water stored in the vessel 2-Environmental function, as a shelter for wild fauna.

8 2- TRIPLETS DEPLOYED IN ARENALES AQUIFER CARRACILLO New triplet scheme (stagnation pond-biofilter-artificial wetland) 3-Treatment by lagooning 2-Biofilter in a MAR channel 1-Infiltration pond System to check MAR water quality evolution Useful for tasks: 6.1 (Site operation), 6.2 (Conductions and piping), 6.3 (Studies for gas clogging), 6.5 (Artificial wetlands) and 6.6 (modelling) Infiltration by spreading area 1-Infiltration pond Artificial wetland 2-Biofilter in a MAR channel Infiltration pond Scheme for the Carracillo triplet 3-Treatment by lagooning

9 2- TRIPLETS DEPLOYED IN ARENALES AQUIFER: CARRACILLO -150 m long -Water comes from a river, NO WWTP source -Elements: 1- stagnation strainer-infiltration pond 2- green biofilter 3- artificial wetland- spreading area Stagnation strainer-infiltration pond Initial strainer going straight to a 42 m 2 infiltration pond Spreading area for Infiltration Green biofilter. 50 m long canal - Natural plants to extract nutrients from water - Penetrate the bottom in order to increase the infiltration rate. Artificial wetland -Well dug in a corner to keep studying processes when the wetland is dried -Purification process by lagooning + recharge activity -Spillway structure to the spreading area + security measure in case of floods. Spreading area for recharge of the aquifer. It is a sandy and flat extension receiving water from the artificial wetland to be infiltrated by simply spreading 1-Stagnationinfiltration pond ZNS-3 station

10 3- WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION DATASETS NEW PROPOSED NETWORKS: 1. WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION ALONG INFILTRATION CHANNELS 2. CLOG SAMPLING AND CHARACTERIZATION 3. GROUNDWATER LEVEL EVOLUTION 4. GAUGING STATIONS 5. INFILTRATION STATIONS In Situ Water Parameters (Multiparameter HANNA HI 9829) Station X Y ph ORP [mv] DO [ppm] EC [us/cm] TDS [ppm] Salinity [PSU] EV1-Hongo , ,23 EV1-Salida balsa ESTE , ,21 EV-2 Canal antes depuradora ,41 96,4 8, ,19 WWTP water 7,68 109,7 7, ,32 WWTP and canal, mixed 8,19 91,4 7, ,19 EV-2b , , ,2 EV-3 Sanchón ,25 133,2 3, ,2 EV-3b ,66 127,4 1, ,22 Humedal Artificial (2A) 8,25 138, ,51 EV ,52 130,1 1, ,21 EV ,49 133,8 1, ,2 EV ,53 159,6 1, ,2 EV ,72 143,8 1, ,24 EV ,72 135,3 1, ,24 EV-9 8,73 125,8 1, ,23 EV-10 8,97 115,7 1, ,23 Laguna de la Iglesia ,34 122,8 1, ,01

11 In Situ Water Parameters (Multiparameter HANNA HI 9829) Station X Y ph ORP [mv] DO [ppm] EC [us/cm] TDS [ppm] Salinity [PSU] FNU T [ C] P [mbar] Time EV1-Hongo , ,23 8,5 13,12 926,4 11:19 EV1-Salida balsa ESTE , ,21 5,5 13,24 925,8 11:28 EV-2 Canal antes depuradora ,41 96,4 8, , ,41 926,2 11:43 WWTP water 7,68 109,7 7, , ,55 926,2 11:45 WWTP and canal, mixed 8,19 91,4 7, , ,41 926,1 11:48 EV-2b , , ,2 9,5 13,49 926,1 11:58 EV-3 Sanchón ,25 133,2 3, ,2 12,3 13,46 926,3 12:04 EV-3b ,66 127,4 1, ,22 39,7 13,65 926,1 12:57 Humedal Artificial (2A) 8,25 138, , ,71 925,8 13:13 EV ,52 130,1 1, , ,67 926,3 13:20 EV ,49 133,8 1, , ,69 927,1 13:27 EV ,53 159,6 1, , ,48 927,2 13:36 EV ,72 143,8 1, , ,41 927,1 13:51 EV ,72 135,3 1, , ,07 928,2 14:03 EV-9 8,73 125,8 1, , ,02 927,6 14:25 EV-10 8,97 115,7 1, ,23 15,9 13,64 927,8 14:33 Laguna de la Iglesia ,34 122,8 1, , ,52 926,8 12:32

12 3- WATER QUALITY EVOLUTION DATA SANTIUSTE TRIPLET

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16 4- INTERPRETATIONS UP TO DATE

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18 4- INTERPRETATIONS UP TO DATE 1. There is a stational effect on the evolution of parameters along the triplet: 1. ph. In general increases along the triplet and the canal and with environmental Tª increasement 2. ORP. Increasing until de artificial wetland, later comes down along the canal. Maximum in WWTP 3. DO. Highes values in winter time. In spring decreases with the purification process. After the A.W. decreases slightly along the canal 4. EC.HighestvaluesinthevicinityoftheWWTPandtheA.W. 5. TDS. Parallel to EC tendency. 6. Salinity. Highest values around WWTP, A.W. and in spring time 7. Turbidity. Highest values before the WWTP and after the A.W. Decrease in Feb and increases in April. 2. The effect of plants in the MAR canals break the clogging layer increasing the infiltration rate 3. The Carracillo biofilter (150 m) induces a very slight change of water quality properties

19 4- INTERPRETATIONS UP TO DATE (2) -Main biological processes improve quality water improvement in a wetland Taken from MARSOL, 2015 (DEL 5.1)

20 Characterizing the schemes. Benchmarking The usage of benchmarking indicators applied to any water recharge system must consider above all the characterization of the framework itself, considering the broad variability of these schemes 1. Water source 2. Water abstraction 3. Water relocation 4. Water pre-treatment 5. Water recharge 6. Water storage 7. Water recovery 8. Water post treatment 9. Water end use 10. Measuring water amount 11. Measuring water quality 12. Comparing efficiency

21 5- CONCLUSIONS 1. Triplets are a combination of elements to purify MAR water during the recharge process 2. Water proceedingg from a WWTP is so scarce in these examples (<5%) that the effects with a biggger volume cannot be tested in Arenales 3. According to the datasets obtained by now, the balance between water infiltrated and used by the plants for feeding and evapotranspiration is positive for the aquifer 4. The presence of artificial wetlands in MAR facilities plays a very complementary role 5. Triplets mock-ups must be tailor made according to aquifers characteristics 6. Excellent opportunities for a bigger presence of MAR facilities in IWRM schemes, specially for temporal cases

22 A chave é o armazenamento Thank you! 2015 June