David Lagomasino 1,2,*, Rene Price 1,2, Petya Campbell 3 & Dean Whitman 1

Transcription

1 David Lagomasino 1,2,*, Rene Price 1,2, Petya Campbell 3 & Dean Whitman 1 1 FIU: Department of Earth and Environment, Miami, FL 2 FIU: Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL 3 NASA: GSFC, Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD *dlagomas@fiu.edu 9 th Annual INTECOL Conference June 5, 212 1

2 FRESH WATER SUPPLY 1 Multi-Scaled Socio-Ecology of the Everglades FCE III Conceptual Framework Global Climate Change Regional Climate Modulation 2 B O Carbon Cycle P T Organic Matter EXTERNAL DRIVERS LOCAL RESPONSES Global Socioeconomic Change Regional Water Management and Land Use Everglades Coastal Gradient 1 Geochemistry Carbon Cycle Consumers Primary Production Socio-ecological feedbacks South Florida Urban Gradient Resource Demand, Use, Stewardship and Management Decisions 1 MARINE WATER SUPPLY FCE III LTER Goals: 1 Water : How do water management decisions interact with climate change to determine freshwater distribution? 2 Carbon: How does the balance of fresh and marine water supplies regulate C uptake, storage, and fluxes by influencing water residence time, nutrient availability, and salinity? 3 Legacies: How does historic variability in the relative supply of fresh and marine water modify ecosystem sensitivity to further change? 4 Scenarios: What are alternative socio-ecological futures for South Florida under contrasting climate change and water management scenarios? Past 3 Present 4 Future

3 Can water quality be estimated and monitored using remote sensing? Provide spatial estimates of water quality across various mangrove communities and identify seasonal trends using electro-magnetic spectral signatures Water chemistry estimated from leaf spectra Leaf-level and satellite-level data show comparable results 3

4 Restoration Sea-level Rise Salt water Intrusion Rain ET ~6-8% during wet season (May-Oct) (Price et al., 28) 4

5 SITE LAYOUT GW wells Red, black and white mangroves (tall) Bedrock groundwater 3 Pore water at 85 cm and 2cm depth 1 2 ~145 m HYDROLOGY/ METEOROLOGY Eddy-covariance tower (SRS6) SW/GW level 5

6 Dock C3 TSPh6b C1 19m Canoe A4 TSPh7b seaward A1 4m Courtesy of Xavier Zapata SITE LAYOUT Red mangroves (dwarf) Top of bedrock GW wells Pore water at 2cm depth HYDROLOGY/METEOROLOGY Weather station (TsPh7) SW/GW level 6

7 Based on vegetation structure Δ environment Δ structure Δ spectra Used to calculate spectral vegetation indices 7

8 Band combinations based on various wavelengths of the measured EM spectra Related to changes in the chemical and structural features Maximize sensitivity & minimize noise SVI used in study EVI [Total Nitrogen] REIP slope [Ca 2+ ] RFf_r [Cl -1 ] RE3 [SO 4 2- ] D75/722 [Total Phosphorus] 8

9 Leaf-scale Canopy-scale Regional-scale Site/local hydrology -Water quality -Water availability -Field spectra upscaling groundtruthing Regional hydrology -Water quality -Water availability -Satellite spectra 9

10 Ca 2+ (mg L -1 ) SO 4 2- (mg L -1 ) Cl 1- (mg L -1 ) SRS4 SRS6 Δ spectra attributed to seasonal variability in water chemistry > variability at SRS4 1

11 Cl GW (mg L -1 ) SO 4 2cm (mg L -1 ) Ca 2cm (mg L -1 ) Significant correlations between SVIs and ion and nutrient concentrations 11

12 Bands 1,2,3 Landsat 5TM 3m x3m grid 6 bands + 1 thermal 14 day repeat Bands 4,3,2 15 images from Bands 5,4,2 12

13 Surface water Cl - (mg/l) Band 4 Reflectance (%) Decrease in NIR (band4) with increase in [Cl - ] Strong correlations (p<.5) with SRS 5&6 sites

14 1/3/1997 DOY=3 2/18/1996 DOY=48 3/29/1993 DOY=87 4/1/1994 DOY=9 5/4/26 DOY=123 5/6/1995 DOY=125 11/17/27 DOY=321 11/2/23 DOY=323 Legend Cl- (mg/l) Seasonal [Cl-] variations Low [Cl-] in wet season High [Cl-] in dry season Downstream gradient 14

15 Surface water Cl - (mg/l) ]? 15

16 Leaf-level and satellite-level data show comparable results Seasonal spectral trends associated with changes in water chemistry Additional data to improve model Decadal changes through times Landsat legacy (197s-2s) Use stressed conditions to better constrain satellite ET estimates Extrapolate to the Caribbean and elsewhere 16

17 Drs. Rene Price, Petya Cambell, Dean Whitman, Assefa Melesse, Steven Oberbauer, & Fernando Miralles ASD inc. Goetz Instrumentation Award (211) FCE LTER NASA WaterSCAPES Everglades National Park USGS Estefania Sandoval, Pamela Sullivan, Danielle Ogurcak, Emanuelle Feliciano, Stephanie Long, Nicole Neira, & Rafael Travieso 17

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