Chairman s Recap of Day 1. David Brennan, Head of Cargo Safety and Standards, IATA

Transcription

1 DANGEROUS GOODS

2 Chairman s Recap of Day 1 David Brennan, Head of Cargo Safety and Standards, IATA

3 Keynote: Radioactive Materials N. Ramamoorthy, Director, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, IAEA

4 Radioactive Material: Update on Denial of Shipments Importance of medical isotope supplies: Compelling case for timely transport support N. Ramamoorthy, IAEA, Vienna World Cargo Symposium WCS-2011 Istanbul, Turkey, March 10, 2011

5 Radioactive Material: Update on Denial of Shipments Importance of medical isotope supplies: Compelling case for timely transport support N. Ramamoorthy, IAEA, Vienna World Cargo Symposium WCS-2011 Istanbul, Turkey, March 10, 2011

6 Outline of Presentation Appreciation to WCS organisers for their positive stand and invitation to the IAEA to contribute. TSU/NSRW/IAEA update on denials Principles and nature of radioisotope products Important applications of medical radioisotopes molybdenum-99 and technetium-99m in particular Production - supply of 99 Mo and 99m Tc generators highly dependent on transport logistics Requirements and calls for international efforts and cooperation Role of the IAEA Rama WCS March

7 2011 is Intnl. Year of Chemistry: Centenary of Mme. Curie Nobel Prize in Chemistry Update on Denials Mr. Jim Stewart s inputs International network established Harmonisation of regulation key issue Reports of denials recorded in database Rama WCS March

8 Denial network National focal points (NFP) Regional coordinators International Steering Committee Graded approach to problems start with industry then national focal points etc Simply talking to the RIGHT PERSON is an effective solution to some problems Encouraging NFPs to set up National networks airlines should be a part Your benefit you can ask for help to resolve problems you are having

9 Regulatory harmonisation Published variations are an excellent aid to industry (ICAO and IATA are positive examples of good practice) IAEA, ICAO, IMO and UNECE working together IAEA conference to look at the issue It may not be the what but the how that is the issue the application of the rules in different ways International regulations need to be able to be applied globally (in every country) if we want worldwide harmony

10 Denial reports 25% of reports are aviation-based Strong evidence that industry under reports because of fears of offending airlines Aviation delay/denial affects short lived medical isotopes which rely on this mode Important example is Molybdenum-99 with 66 hour half-life

11 IAEA DG to BOG on 7/3/11: Denials and delays of shipment of radioactive material remain a problem. For the last 50 years, the safety record for the transport of radioactive material has been exemplary. Nevertheless, some carriers, sea ports and airports continue to deny or delay legitimate shipments of radioactive materials, including important medical isotopes. This is due in part to perceptions of possible radioactive hazards rather than to actual safety concerns. There also appears to be a problem of variations among national regulations, or variations in how regulations are applied. I appeal to Member States to fully comply with the IAEA s Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material. Rama WCS March

12 Radioisotope Products & Related Techniques Radioisotopes versatile tools: unique features of half-life ( PERISHABLE), decay mode & energy ( SHIELDING needed size & weight of packages) Impact on and benefits to diverse fields; major applications in medical & biosciences, and industries Growing further: continuing development & deployment of new methods, applications Rama WCS March

13 Examples of Radioisotopes radioisotope half-life decay mode energy of emission main fields of uses 14 C 3 H 5730 y y b - b - Eb 156keV Eb18.6keV life sciences 125 I 131 I 60 d 8 d EC b keV Eg 364keV biology, medicine 201 Tl 99m Tc 73 h 6 h EC IT Eg 135/167keV Eg 140keV Diagnostic imaging - SPECT 18 F 110 min b + 511keV Diagnostic imaging - PET Rama WCS March

14 Principles of Application of Radioisotopes Radiotracer concept: highly sensitive detection external to system under study; mainly using gamma emitters and also beta emitters, in medical, industrial, biological and research areas Radiation transmission: study of materials interposed and/or transmitted radiation; extensive use in industrial, biological, material science fields Radiation energy deposition: processing or treating materials cancer treatment, food products hygienisation, synthesis of value-added materials, tackling pollutants Rama WCS March

15 Important radioisotopes regularly transported across the world radioisotope half-life major energy of emission main fields of uses 60 Co 5.27 y Eg 1.17, 1.33 MeV 192 Ir 74 d Eg MeV 99 Mo 66 h Eg MeV Teletherapy; Industry (NDT; gamma cells & plants) NDT; brachytherapy Production of 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator 66 h Eg MeV Supply of 99m Tc for medical uses Rama WCS March

16 Nuclear Medicine using Radiopharmaceuticals Safe, painless, and cost-effective techniques to image the body and treat disease Unique in providing doctors with information about both organ function and structure Early detection of abnormalities in the progress of a disease, before many medical problems are apparent with other diagnostic tests Rama WCS March

17 Gamma Camera Metastasis in lumbar spine Rama WCS March g camera/spect Myocardial perfusion Bone scan Renal function Others PET - Cancer mets with FDG - Others

18 99 Mo (66 h) 99m Tc (6 h): Importance Diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine and 99m Tc are synonymous over years 90% of all nuclear medicine (NM) studies involve diagnostic imaging; 99m Tc use ~80% (>30 million studies per year) ( 18 F use ~10%; rest others) one study every second 99m Tc nuclear characteristics (Eg kev, 6 h) vis-à-vis imaging and dosimetry Versatile coordination chemistry of technetium Multi-disciplinary synergy in developing products for specific organ imaging Easy, economic availability from its precursor isotope 99 Mo 99m Tc reigning queen of radiopharmaceutical in NM 99 Mo is the queen mother! Rama WCS March

19 Rama WCS March

20 Normal WHOLE BODY BONE SCAN in patients with known or suspected cancer 99m Tc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) used Multiple Metastases Ca Prostate Multiple Metastases Ca Lt Breast Rama WCS March

21 Dynamic Study - Sequential Images Tc-DTPA Renogram for Kidney Function Rama WCS March

22 99 Mo 99m Tc Generator: Principles and Technologies 99 Mo decays with T 1/2 of 66h: 87.5% to 99m Tc 99 Mo - 99m Tc equilibrium T(max) 22.9 h Avail 99m Tc daily Rama WCS March

23 99 Mo (66 h) 99m Tc (6 h): background information 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator for 99m Tc supplies; goldstandard generator uses fission-produced 99 Mo of very high specific activity (~10 4 Ci/g) 99 Mo worldwide requirement: ~12000 Ci (6-day Ci) per week ( TBq ) kCi at EOI 4 industrial producers, in Belgium, Canada, Netherlands, South Africa, using 5 aged reactors meet over 95% 99 Mo world demands; 5 th producer ANSTO recent entry using new reactor, OPAL. 99 Mo shipped around the world every week, all through the year. Generator manufacturers widely spread in many parts of the world. Rama WCS March

24 Complex chain of 99 Mo supplies and stages and others Rama WCS March

25 Shipment plan and impact of delays/denials 99 Mo consignments: Recipients - generator producers (50-100) in several countries; scheduled to use within 8-20 hours - corporate entities, e.g. Lantheus, Covidien - small/medium scale entrepreneurs, e.g. CGM/Chile; Monrol/Turkey - national labs, e.g. IPEN/Brazil; AEOI/Iran generator production schedule affected supplies of generators (1000s) affected patients services (millions) disrupted/denied Rama WCS March

26 Shipment plan and impact of delays/denials 99m Tc generator consignments: Recipients (1000s) are radiopharmacy service providers OR end users hospitals, medical centres in every part of the world (scheduled use 12 d) - corporate entities / nuclear pharmacies - individual centres / hospitals patient schedules (millions) affected clinical services disrupted avoidable suffering faced by unfortunate patients Rama WCS March

27 Disruptions in 99 Mo supplies and follow-up actions 99 Mo supplies repeatedly affected from 12/2007; NRU, HFR shutdown in 2008, 2009, 2010 patient services disrupted up to 20-70%. Canada request to NEA-OECD, Paris HLG-MR formed in Q2/2009 IAEA is an Observer IAEA, EC, AIPES play vital role; US govt support (4 grants, 25 M$ each) for technology development for domestic production Role of regional/national production supplement Transport-related losses (even isolated cases) highly regrettable during the crisis! Rama WCS March

28 Originating locations of bulk 99 Mo supplies Existing locations Argentina Australia Belgium Canada Indonesia Netherlands South Africa Potential new locations Russian Federation Hungary - using reactor in Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Egypt?, Pakistan?,

29 Magnitude of radioactive decay losses Time is GOLD 99 Mo (66 h): 22% decay rate per day; i.e. approx. 1% per hour! Day-wise remaining strength of material, 99 Mo consignment or 99 Mo- 99 Tc generator! m Tc (6 h): ~16% decay rate per hour! Rama WCS March

30 Alumina Column Chromatographic Generator: The Gold Standard 99m Tc generator capacity needs Individual users: Ci Shared radiopharmacy >0.5 Ci Central radiopharmacy 2 5 Ci Large/National distribution centre >5 Ci 99m Tc generator technology & availability to match the needs 99 Mo product features, production technology and availability to match the above demands Rama WCS March

31 IAEA Member States access to 99m Tc The IAEA support to MS in NM 99 Mo- 99m Tc generators; import or domestic production 99m Tc generators (0.2 to >10 Ci) produced by industry (100s - >1000 per week) & national labs (10 to 250+ per week); well-distributed production Supplies of bulk moly available from the few main manufacturers (crisis since 2008) Several MS used IAEA support in establishing national production capacity for 99m Tc generators; e.g. Bangladesh, Brazil, Iran, Philippines, Syria Entrepreneurial efforts e.g. in Chile, Poland, Turkey, Vietnam Rama WCS March

32 Originating locations of 99 Mo- 99m Tc generator supplies Existing locations (indicative list, not exhaustive) Argentina, Australia Belgium, Brazil Canada, Hungary Indonesia, Iran, Israel Japan, Korea Netherlands, Poland Turkey South Africa USA Existing & potential locations Russian Federation Hungary - using reactors in Czech Republic, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Egypt?, India?, Pakistan?

33 99 Mo/ 99m Tc story since discovery at BNL/US in 1957 BNL memo in 1958: We are not aware of a potential market for technetium-99m great enough to encourage one to undertake the risk of patenting in hopes of successful and rewarding licensing. Time to sing of an isotope marvel Over its saga of 50 year long travel; Technetium generator, kits like a rover Endeavours galore, truly the world over; Chemical, nuclear features the basics Hefty synergy too of science classics Nectarous growth then by any gauging Enabling insights sans surgical ravaging Tremendous impact on medical imaging; IAEA successes, for sure in the cart (in) Unravelling organ function of every part; Medicinal gift from this artificial element, 99 metastable forever a Fine Ornament. Rama WCS March

34 Summing up: Points to ponder Isotopes aid health care and prosperity. Medical isotopes save lives. Acknowledgements: to all my colleagues and our collaborators. Thank You All. Rama WCS March Air shipment is vital because of the long distances and short times. In helping the world to develop its capability for this essential medical supply, it is imperative that effective transport infrastructure is also developed. One cannot get Mo/Tc to patients without increased support from airlines!

35 Radioactive Material: Update on Denial of Shipments Importance of medical isotope supplies: Compelling case for timely transport support N. Ramamoorthy, IAEA, Vienna World Cargo Symposium WCS-2011 Istanbul, Turkey, March 10, 2011

36 Panel: Training In The Electronic Age Moderator: Brendan Sullivan, Manager, Special Cargo Standards, IATA Panel: John Croker, Head of Dangerous Goods Dept, FMO Cargo Services GmbH Göksu Kaya, Senior Instructor, 3A DGR Packaging Systems Geoff Leach, Manager, Dangerous Goods Office, Civil Aviation Authority, UK and Chairman, International Civil Aviation Organization

37 Networking Coffee Break Sponsored by: 37

38 Panel: e-freight Update E-Shipper s Declaration Guillaume Drucy, Head, Cargo e-business, IATA Trevor Howard, Manger, Dangerous Goods and Special Cargo, Air Canada Gion-Pieder Pfister, Vice President Cargo Europe, Swissport Christopher Shawdon, VP and Global Leader, Cargo Logistics Solutions, Unisys Duncan Alexander, Vice President. Mercator