EU Air Quality Package "A Clean Air Programme for Europe"

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1 EU Air Quality Package "A Clean Air Programme for Europe" Daniela Buzica Widlowski European Commission, DG Environment, Air & Industrial Emission Unit Bern 1 October

2 2 Main elements of the AQ package Communication on the new European Clean Air Programme ("Strategy") Proposal for a revised Directive on National Emission Reduction Commitments ("NEC") Proposal for a Directive on controlling emissions from Medium Combustion Plants ("MCP") Proposal for a Council Decision on ratification of the Gothenburg Protocol amendment ("GP") Accompanying Impact Assessment ("IA")

3 3 Existing Air Policy Framework At international level UN ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) and its Protocols (e.g. the Gothenburg Protocol with national emission ceilings for 2010 and 2020) At EU level STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES: The EU Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (2005) EMISSION CAPS: The National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive LOCAL AIR QUALITY LIMITS: The Ambient Air Quality Directives SOURCE-SPECIFIC LEGISLATION: the Industrial Emissions Directive, Euro standards, energy efficiency standards etc At national level National and local legislation and instruments

4 EU Emissions and Air Quality Emissions NO2 Eutrophication PM10 O3 Acidification

5 5 Key compliance issue PM10 limit values 2008 TEN process completed 17 MS have been facing compliance problems NO2 limit values 2008 TEN process ending High number of (local) compliance problems Ozone target value Peak concentrations improved Background concentrations remaining problematic

6 What is The Problem?

7 Why Do We Have a Problem? Particulate Matter (PM) Transport (diesel tail pipe and non-exhaust, shipping, non-road machinery) Small & medium scale combustion (smoky fuels, biomass, diesel) NOx and Ammonia emissions (secondary PM formation) Hemispheric air pollution (TFHAP, UNEP), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Diesel engines vehicles (Real World Emissions) Other diesel engines (Non-Road Mobile Machinery, Small and Medium Scale Combustion installation, inland shipping, ) Ground Level Ozone (O3) Nitrogen Oxides (NECD) Background (Methane, International) Eutrophication Agriculture ammonia emissions General Uneven technical capacity across MS and MS Competent Authorities Competence barriers, policy coherence consistency problems Insufficient intra-eu cross border dialogue and actions,

8 Ensuring compliance by 2020

9 Key compliance obstacles pre-2020 (and solutions) Transport Euro 6 (2014 implementing acts) Synergies with sustainable mobility plans Small and medium scale combustion Ecodesign Directive (< 1MW) Targetted fuels switching programmes PL, CZ, SK, BG Synergies with sustainable energy plans Background pollution (within MS, intra-eu, global) Implementation of existing legislation (IED, Marine Fuels, ) Implementation of National Emission Reduction Commitments for 2020 (GP) Governance Co-ordination of AQ and emissions policy, capacity for assessment and management

10 Key compliance obstacles pre-2020 (and solutions) The problem: Euro 3 5 do not deliver for diesel cars Real World vs Lab emissions The solution (Regulation 715/2007, CARS 2020) Real Driving Emissions (RDE) of Euro 6 recorded and communicated as from mandatory Euro 6 dates (2014) No later than three years after, RDE compliance with limit values should be the basis of type approval (with robust not-to-exceed limits)

11 How Will the Problem Evolve? Compliance likely (<25μg) Compliance uncertain (25-35μg) Compliance unlikely (>35μg) PM 10 # of zones Compliance likely (<35μg) Compliance uncertain (35-45μg) Compliance unlikely (>45μg) 100% 90% 80% NO 2 # of zones % 60% 50% 40% % of zones 30% % % 0%

12 Post 2020: persisting problems even after full implementation Long-Term Health & Environment Prospects

13 Policy options selected to achieve compliance by 2020 (summary) Full implementation of existing measures, in particular Euro 6 Support for national and local action through LIFE and other EU funds Supporting implementation of Gothenburg Protocol in neighbouring states Reinforced research and innovation agenda in Horizon 2020

14 What the policy brings over time Policy milestones Year PM health impact reduction vs 2005 Air quality compliance (PM2,5) % Full compliance with existing legislation (25µg/m 3 ) % Full compliance with 20µg/m 3, and 90% of stations comply with 15µg/m 3 (USA at 12µg/m 3 from 2012) 2050 (indicative) 90% of stations comply with 10µg/m 3 (=WHO guideline value)

15 International comparison Air Quality Standards PM10 µg/m 3 PM2,5 µg/m 3 EU China 40 - Japan - 15 USA - 12 WHO 20 10

16 The policy package How will the Strategy be delivered?

17 A proposal for a new NEC Directive Sets national emission ceilings (caps) for 2020, (2025) and 2030 (existing 2010 ceilings still in force) Ceilings based on a sophisticated economic analysis, identifying cost-effective measures in the EU to meet EU short and long term objectives (full compliance by 2020, move towards WHO health guidelines by 2030) Designed to limit transboundary air pollution and contributes to meet local air quality limits through reduced background pollution Enables transposition of the revised LRTAP Gothenburg Protocol into EU legislation

18 Proposal for a new NEC Directive (continuation) Reduction commitments for six principal pollutants for each MS SO 2 : 81% NOx: 69% NMVOCs: 50% NH 3 : 27% PM2,5: 51% CH 4 : 33% Staged tightening of commitments 2020 Gothenburg Interim commitment for 2025 to ensure timely compliance 2030 commitment Flexibilities e.g possible inventory adjustments

19 19 A proposal for a new MCP Directive Emerged as a cost-effective option in the air policy review to deliver part of the necessary emission reductions for 2030 Deliver emission reductions for PM, SO2 and NOx from plants between 1 to 50 MW Fills a "legal gap" for combustion plants below 50 MW Industrial Emissions Directive covers plants above 50 MW (LCP) Ecodesign Directive will cover small installations up to 1 MW (standardized products) Differentiates between existing and new, and between different technologies, sizes and fuels Low administrative burden registration rather than full permitting Based on separate impact assessment - assessing compliance costs for different segments, impacts on SMEs and administrative burden

20 Conclusions The New Clean Air Policy Package is: The Commission's strategic response addressing a significant problem facing the EU citizens and the environment Based on state of the art scientific and technical information and analysis, including the WHO guidelines Cost-effective, feasible, and supportive of the EU's clean technology sector Consistent with EU 2020 (Climate, Energy, Industry, People)

21 More information The Clean Air Policy Package and the air review: