Best practices, scientific tools and case studies for mining heritage planning, design and reclamation

Transcription

1 METS EU-LA Mining & Exploration Convention and Trade Show Workshop 4: Waste Management and Rehabilitation Best practices, scientific tools and case studies for mining heritage planning, design and reclamation Cormio, C., Bandini, A., Berry, P. April 11th, 2018, Madrid, Spain SERENGEO Srl via U. Terracini, 28, Bologna, Italy P.IVA

2 Outline SERENGEO. Brief introduction Mission & Vision Corporate Structure About Us Expertise Mining Heritage Management Definition, needs & opportunities, best practices Knowledge-base The Italian mining sites and mining waste deposits inventory Planning & Design Quarries reclamation through Public-Private Partnership Environmental Impact Assessment AEVIA matrix & impact factors modelling Conclusions

3 SERENGEO Brief introduction

4 Mission & Vision SERENGEO Srl Spin-off company of the University of Bologna Consulting and design services Advanced technical scientific researches Geomechanical investigations & determinations by in situ & laboratory tests Innovative solutions in the fields of mining, safety and environmental engineering, tunnelling, rock mechanics and geothermal energy. MISSION Transfer our experience, know-how and skills to the market in order to improve the knowledge of the underground and to foster the sustainable interaction between man and nature.

5 Corporate Structure Divisions SERENGEO Mining Mineral Resource Planning Mines & Quarries design and reclamation Environmental Impact Assessment SERENGEO Tunnelling Tunnelling engineering Excavation Safety engineering SERENGEO RockLab (rock mechanics) Rock materials characterization Rock masses characterization Innovative geomechanical test design & planning SERENGEO Geothermal Geothermal Resource Assessment Geothermal Reservoir Modelling Ground source Heating & Cooling plant design

6 About Us Founders Ph.D. Eng. Carlo Cormio Prof. Paolo Berry PhD in Geo-Engineering, Georesources and Geothecnical Engineering Retired Full Professor in Mining Engineering, Excavation Engineering & Safety University of Bologna Ph.D. Eng. Annalisa Bandini Prof. Villiam Bortolotti PhD in Geo-Engineering, Georesources and Geothecnical Engineering Associate Professor in Petroleum & Underground fluids Engineering University of Bologna Ph.D. Eng. Sara Focaccia Ph.D. Eng. Stefano Bonduà PhD in Geo-Engineering, Georesources and Geotechnical Engineering Research Fellow in Excavation Engineering & Safety University of Bologna

7 Expertise Main topics Mines & Quarries design Minerals recovery from mine tailings Functional reclamation of active and abandoned sites Environmental impact assessment Geostatistical modelling & reserves estimation Innovative engineering solutions for tunnel design & construction Best practices for worker s safety Traditional & TBM tunnelling in gassy rock masses (firedamp risk assessment) New technologies for safe steel arches installation Compressed air works Geomechanical investigations Innovative in-situ & laboratory tests design & planning

8 Mining Heritage Management

9 Mining Heritage Management Definition of Mining Heritage Mining and extractive sites Active, abandoned & closed mines and quarries Mining & Quarrying facilities Residues, by-products & wastes (secondary raw materials)

10 Mining Heritage Management Needs & Opportunities Environmental purposes Pollution control Landscape protection Safety issues Geomechanical stability (underground openings & deposits slopes) Hazardous substances dispersion control Mining policy development Support land use planning Satisfy raw materials demand Foster mining sites reclamation & re-use

11 Mining Heritage Management Essential tools Creating a comprehensive Knowledge base Effective analysis, decision-support & control tools for mining & mineral policies, land use planning and design Mining-specific impact assessment environmental sustainability tools to evaluate mining activities

12 Mining Heritage Management The italian experience Knowledge base The italian mining sites and waste deposits inventory Planning & design tools Quarries reclamation through Public Private Partnership Environmental Impact Assessment AEVIA matrix and environmental impact factors modelling

13 Knowledge base The Italian mining sites inventory

14 The Italian mining sites inventory Roadmap DICMA* AGIP Petroli SpA Inventory of mining heritage for reuse / reclamation DICMA ENEA** Radioactive wastes storage in underground openings DICMA ISPRA*** Abandoned mines inventory and geomechanical risk assessment DICAM**** SERENGEO GIS-based implementation and technical review of mines and waste deposits inventory ISPRA National inventory of hazardous extractive industry waste deposits, closed or dismissed 2018 ISPRA INSPIRE directive implementation * DICMA: Department of Chemical, Mining and Environmental Engineering ** ENEA: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development *** ISPRA: Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research **** DICAM: Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering

15 The Italian mining sites inventory Main purposes Mineral resources / Mining Heritage assessment Mining Heritage reclamation / re-use Cultural touristic (mining museum) Mining Research & Development Center Industrial, commercial, residential Abandoned mining sites risks assessment Geomechanical instability (slopes and underground openings) Water, soil, air pollution Support tool for landscape planning and environmental protection

16 The Italian mining sites inventory General information Over 150 years of mining activity examined ( ) More than 3000 mining sites identified (2473 closed or dismissed) ~650 hazardous deposits surveyed (updated on May 2017) ~100 mining sites still operating Most of the sites produce marls for concrete, minerals for the ceramic industry, halite and industrial minerals such as bentonite

17 The Italian mining sites inventory Italian mining waste facilities inventory (Implementation of EU Directive 2006/21/CE) Collected data Types of deposit (tailing ponds, landfill piles, tailing dams) Size of deposits Risks Assessment Ownership of residues/sites (Owner, Licensee) Location of residues/deposits (Underground, open cast)

18 The Italian mining sites inventory GIS-based implementation Relational Geo-DB (Spatialite R-DBMS) Efficient, effective and rigorous data collection and analysis system Modular DB architecture makes it ready for further thematic data addition Seamless GIS integration allows for external thematic maps visualization along with inventory maps and data DB architecture is designed for an easy adaptation to different geographical and administrative frameworks Ready for INSPIRE Directive implementation due to the use of OGC standards

19 The Italian mining sites inventory GIS-based implementation Database structure

20 The Italian mining sites inventory GIS-based implementation Data extraction through SQL queries (e.g. list of silver mines) and map display Database attribute tables SQL query Query result Selected mines

21 The Italian mining sites inventory GIS-based implementation Visualization of available data for a specific site (selected on map) Thematic maps overlay & editing of new features Map visualization Mine s information Maps overlay

22 Planning & Design tools Quarries reclamation through PublicPrivate Partnership

23 Quarries reclamation through PPP Main purposes Prevent environmental degradation from planning phase through the use of innovative and effective impacts assessment tools Planning re-opening or reclamation of closed or abandoned quarries using specific assessment criteria and fostering functional re-use Promotion of Public-Private Partnership models project financing, licenses, in-house companies, etc. Adoption of new technologies and expert systems to improve intervention management and realization

24 Quarries reclamation through PPP Projects feasibility assessment criteria Financial return (high = attracts investors, low = need for public fundings) Stakeholder engagement (public bodies and owners interest in reclamation) Cultural background (perception of land degradation and project benefits) Vocational focus of the area (industry, agriculture, entertainment, etc) Transport infrastructures and local services Site conditions (morphology, hazards, restrictions, etc.)

25 Quarries reclamation through PPP Projects feasibility selective parameters 1. Site ownership 2. Stakeholder engagement 3. Local context analysis 4. Technical characteristics of quarries and reclamation projects 5. Diversity of feasible reclamation projects 6. Social participation 7. Environmental sustainability 8. Financial feasibility

26 Quarries reclamation through PPP Projects feasibility assessment procedure 1) Abandoned / closed quarries: sustainable reclamation planning Site ownership Stakeholder engagement Local context analysis Selection of sites eligible for reclamation Technical characteristics of quarries Selection of feasible reclamation projects for each site Technical characteristics of reclamation projects Diversity of feasible reclamation projects Social participation Environmental sustainability Financial feasibility Ranking of site-solution pairs according to global feasibility assessment

27 Quarries reclamation through PPP Projects feasibility assessment procedure 2) Active quarries: optimal reclamation project assessment Site ownership Stakeholder engagement Local context analysis Site characterization Social participation Environmental sustainability Financial feasibility Feasible reclamation projects characterization Selection of the best economically, environmentally and socially sounding reclamation project

28 Quarries reclamation through PPP Assessment, management and decision-support tools Quarries Knowledge base Expert systems for automatic data analysis Multicriteria assessment models Sites degradation index

29 Quarries reclamation through PPP Assessment, management and decision-support tools Quarries Knowledge base Expert systems for automatic data analysis Multicriteria assessment models Analysis and processing

30 Quarries reclamation through PPP Assessment, management and decision-support tools Quarries Knowledge base Expert systems for automatic data analysis Multicriteria analysis model Index Multicriteria analysis Vulnerability Anthropic impact Env. value Economic value # of Municipalities

31 Environmental Impact Assessment AEVIA matrix & impact factors modelling

32 Environmental Impact Assessment Quarrying activities impact factors Slopes steepness Quarrying method Excavation, mucking-out and transport technique Noise, induced vibration, visual appearance, air-blast Micro-climate and habitats modification Induced effects on economy and society Cultural impact

33 Environmental Impact Assessment Quarrying activities adverse effects Slopes and underground voids instability Subsidence Hydraulic & hydrogeological instability Ore depletion Visual impact on landscape Habitat degradation Atmospheric and acoustic pollution (air-blast, dusts, noise) Damage to nearby structures (blast-induced vibrations) Health hazards Damage to infrastructures (heavy vehicles transit) Land occupancy and soil consumption

34 Impact factors modelling Innovative tools for environmental impact prediction Blast induced vibration. Expert system for maximum blastable charge & PPV calculation and sensitive structures identification Maximum blastable charge calculation Peak Particle Velocity map

35 Impact factors modelling Innovative tools for environmental impact prediction Visual impact. Viewshed analysis & 3D rendering Before After

36 Impact factors modelling Innovative tools for environmental impact prediction Hydraulic & Hydrogeology. Rainfall propagation & accumulation analysis Accumulation map Rainfall intensity frequency analysis 3D stream network & watershed

37 Environmental Impact Assessment The AEVIA matrix Developed in the early 80s at the University of Bologna Semi-objective evaluation of the impact produced by a mining project Environmental Impact Assessment as interference of: 12 elementary mining actions, subdivided into 3 types of interactions: Land modification Social and economic factors Health & safety 41 environmental features, subdivided into 3 groups: Phisical-chemical Biological Cultural & economic Comparative approach. Global impact index calculated for different design options: Option 0 (non-intervention) Option 1 Option 2 Option n

38 AEVIA matrix Mining actions impact indexes

39 AEVIA matrix Environmental features impact indexes

40 Conclusions

41 Conclusions Best practices for Mining Heritage management. Current results Creating a comprehensive knowledge base needs time and a huge startup effort, but once the information are available many complex activities (policies development, land use planning, due diligences, impact assessments) can be performed efficiently in relatively short times Taking into account the various parameters affecting mining projects viability allows for investment risk minimization and reliable sustinability analysis The adoption of novel and innovative approaches and tools for environmental impact assessment allow to make better design choices and reduce unpredicted loss of time and money (due to social opposition, environmental damages, etc.)

42 Conclusions Best practices for Mining Heritage management. Future works The italian experience is mostly focused on quarries and abandoned / closed mines. The inventory presented needs to be further developed and revised for mining- specific application, such as waste mining and Critical Raw Materials resource assessment and production. The best practices, approaches and decision support tools presented need to be adapted to mining activity, at least partly.

43 Contacts Thank you for your kind attention Visit us at SERENGEO stand in the Exhibitors area for further information SERENGEO Srl Geoengineering Services Via U. Terracini 28, Bologna, Italy