Water Management Energy and Sustainability Sub Group November Meeting. Brian Boyd, Kate McMordie Stoughton, and Jordan Henderson November 20, 2013

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1 Water Management Energy and Sustainability Sub Group November Meeting Brian Boyd, Kate McMordie Stoughton, and Jordan Henderson November 20,

2 Agenda Implementation strategies for Federal Guiding Principles protect and conserve water Water metering Water balance introduction Water best management practices (BMPs): Laboratory equipment Central plants Water waste low and no cost measures Resources 2

3 Federal Guiding Principles Protect and Conserve Water Indoor Water Reduce indoor water use by 20% compared to baseline Outdoor Water Reduce outdoor water use by 50% compared to baseline Measurement of Water Use Install water meters on buildings with high use Stormwater Meet Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) Section 438 stormwater management requirements Process Water Improve process water efficiency when water is used to improve energy efficiency Water-Efficient Products Procure water efficient products through Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense program and Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) designated products FEMP resource on compliance options: 3

4 Guiding Principles Implementation Options Indoor Water (2 options) Option 1: Reduce potable water use by 20% compared to a water baseline calculated for the building. Baseline for buildings built in 1994 or later: 120% of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) 2006 or the International Plumbing Code (IPC) 2006 fixture performance requirements Baseline for building built before 1994: 160% of the UPC 2006 or the IPC 2006 fixture performance requirements Option 2: Reduce building measured potable water use by 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. If only one meter is installed for the site, reduce the potable water use (indoor and outdoor combined) by at least 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter. Indoor Water 4

5 Guiding Principles Implementation Options Indoor Water UPC/IPC Baseline Fixture Flow/Flush Rates Fixture UPC/IPC 2006 Rating Toilets Urinals Showerheads Private lavatory and kitchen faucets Public faucets Metering faucets 1.6 gallon per flush (gpf) 1.0 gpf 2.5 gallon per minute (gpm) Notes Flushometer and tank At 80 pounds per inch (psi) 2.2 gpm At 60 psi 0.5 gpm 0.25 gallon per cycle 5

6 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Indoor Water Option 1 Water Use Calculation 6 Recommended Evidence of Compliance Documented analyses comparing the calculated current water use to the calculated baseline demonstrates 20% reduction Cut sheets and specifications of current building fixtures

7 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Indoor Water Option 2 Reduce measured water use by 20% Option 2: Reduce building measured potable water use by 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide water metered data showing 20% reduction Use Energy Star Portfolio Manager to show indoor water use reduction of 20% 7

8 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Outdoor Water (3 options) Option 1: Reduce potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to conventional methods. Option 2: Reduce building related potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to measured irrigation water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Option 3: Use no potable irrigation water. 8

9 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 1 Reduce calculated water use by 50% Option 1: Reduce potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to conventional methods. U.S. Department of Energy, Federal Energy Management Program, Federal Water Efficiency Best Practices U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water-Efficient Landscaping Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG), Protect and Conserve Water EPA s Integrating Environmentally Beneficial Landscaping into Your Environmental Management System 9 Recommended Evidence of Compliance Documented water modeling analyses comparing the baseline (conventional) case to the installed case demonstrates 50% reduction.

10 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 2 Reduce measured water use by 50% Option 2: Reduce building related potable irrigation water use by 50% compared to measured irrigation water use in 2003 or a year thereafter with quality water data. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide water metered data showing 50% reduction Use Energy Star Portfolio Manager to show outdoor water use reduction of 50% 10

11 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Outdoor Water Option 3 Use no potable irrigation water Option 3: Use no potable irrigation water. The PNNL Energy Management Team opted to use option 3 to demonstrate compliance with this principle. The RPL uses no potable water for irrigation. The facility does not have any grass or landscaping so no water, potable or otherwise, is consumed for this purpose. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Document an on-site visual inspection and/or photos confirming no landscape for irrigation or confirming non-potable irrigation strategies. Site plan showing no landscape for irrigation. Landscape plan showing native plants or xeriscape that require no irrigation. 11

12 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Measurement of Water Use Measurement of Water Use Install a water meter for the building or if only one meter is installed for the site, reduce the potable water use (indoor and outdoor combined) by at least 20% compared to building water use in 2003 or a year thereafter. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide metered consumption that demonstrates 20% reduction. Period Year Start Date End Date Use(CCF) Cost Use/Day Cost/Day Unit Cost Nov /27/ /30/ $ $3.21 $7.57 Oct /29/ /27/ $ $4.91 $2.70 Sep /29/2011 9/29/ $ $6.74 $1.55 Aug /27/2011 8/29/ $ $7.80 $1.34 Jul /27/2011 7/27/ $ $7.10 $1.52 Jun /26/2011 6/27/ $ $7.27 $1.43 May /27/2011 5/26/ $ $7.20 $1.55 Apr /28/2011 4/27/ $ $4.44 $2.90 Mar /24/2011 3/28/ $ $3.66 $4.34 Feb /27/2011 2/24/ $ $4.03 $5.13 Jan /22/2010 1/27/ $ $3.28 $4.21 Dec /23/ /22/ $ $3.48 $12.61 Nov /22/ /23/ $ $3.39 $6.39 Oct /23/ /22/ $ $4.74 $2.70 Sep /20/2010 9/23/ $ $6.04 $1.57 Aug /21/2010 8/20/ $ $7.13 $1.52 Jul /21/2010 7/21/ $ $6.76 $1.59 Jun /19/2010 6/21/ $ $5.66 $1.71 May /21/2010 5/19/ $ $6.79 $1.68 Apr /22/2010 4/21/ $ $5.04 $2.25 Mar /22/2010 3/22/ $ $3.97 $5.56 Feb /25/2010 2/22/ $ $3.97 $5.56 Jan /23/2009 1/25/ $ $3.24 $7.12 Dec /23/ /23/ $ $3.51 $8.09 Nov /21/ /23/ $ $3.37 $5.56 Oct /22/ /21/ $ $5.68 $1.98 Sep /20/2009 9/22/ $ $6.59 $1.50 Aug /24/2009 8/20/ $ $7.80 $1.54 Jul /24/2009 7/24/ $ $7.53 $1.46 Jun /21/2009 6/24/ $ $6.97 $1.41 May /16/2009 5/21/ $ $5.17 $1.77 Apr /19/2009 4/16/ $ $5.43 $2.23 Mar /19/2009 3/19/ $ $3.85 $6.73 Feb /23/2009 2/19/ $ $3.96 $7.12 Jan /18/2008 1/23/ $ $3.13 $

13 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Employ strategies that reduce stormwater runoff and discharges of polluted water offsite. Per EISA Section 438, where redevelopment affects site hydrology, use site planning, design, construction, and maintenance strategies to maintain hydrologic conditions during development, or to restore hydrologic conditions following development, to the maximum extent that is technically feasible. sa-438.pdf Recommended Evidence of Compliance Provide stormwater runoff plan and stormwater strategies, documented inspection, permits, local regulatory approvals or plans utilized per Guidance. 13

14 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Process Water Cost effective water conservation measures Process Water Per EPAct 2005 Section 109, when potable water is used to improve a building s energy efficiency, deploy lifecycle cost effective water conservation measures. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Prepare documentation stating if potable water is being used for energy efficiency and, if so, document measures implemented to conserve water; if not lifecycle cost effective (criteria 10 CFR 436 A), provide justification. 14

15 Guiding Principles Implementation Strategies Water- Efficient Products 15 Water-Efficient Products Where available, use EPA s WaterSense-labeled products or other water conserving products. Install FEMP designated water efficient products. Choose irrigation contractors who are certified through a WaterSenselabeled program. Recommended Evidence of Compliance Specify WaterSense-labeled products and other waterconserving products in site- or building-level bid, procurement, purchasing, or contract specifications. WaterSense Products: Tank toilets Private lavatory faucets Showerheads Landscape irrigation controllers Flushing urinals Pre-rinse spray valves FEMP Designated Products: Ice machines Steam cookers Dishwashers Clothes washers

16 Water Metering Positive Displacement Meters Types of Meters Differential Pressure Meters Velocity Meters Nutating-Disk Meters Piston Meters Orifice Meters Venturi Meters Turbine Meters Paddlewheel Meters Multi-jet Meters Magnetic Meters Ultrasonic Meters 16

17 Positive Displacement Meters Only meter that directly measures the volume of fluid Sensitive to low flow rates Accurate over a broad range of flow rates Available in sizes up to 3- inch connections Flow rates between gpm and 160-gpm 17

18 Nutating-Disk Meters Most common potable water meter for sizes up to 3 inches As water passes through the measuring chamber it causes a rocking motion to the disk This motion is transferred to the register to display the flow 18

19 Venturi Meters Venturi principle is used to measure flow Smaller diameter section than the pipe upstream, creating a pressure drop Velocity increases and pressure decreases Flow rates measured by the difference in pressure Available in sizes up to 16 inch. Flow rates up to 8,500 gpm 19

20 Turbine Meters Rotating blades in-line with the flow of water Volume determined by the number of revolutions by the rotor Not accurate for low flow applications Available in connection sizes of ¼-in. up to 20-in. Flow rates from to 15,000-gpm 20

21 Water Balance Introduction Water Cycle Water Distribution Curve 21

22 Water Balance Introduction Water sources Water uses Municipal supply On-site freshwater Alternative water Metered uses Unmetered uses Losses 22

23 Laboratory Equipment BMP Operation & Maintenance Water Purification Establish proactive leak detection and repair Set flow rates to minimum manufacturer s setting Run only full loads Designate equipment to meet appropriate water quality needs Choose system with high recovery rate Evaluate supply water characteristics Vacuum Systems Install dry systems Washers Choose high efficiency models Choose systems that recycle last rinse for first wash of next cycle FEMP Laboratory and Medical Equipment BMP: 23

24 Laboratory Equipment BMP Condensate cooling retrofit reduces water needed during standby mode of operation by 90% Ejector retrofit modifies the way the system evacuates the vessel, reducing water use by 90% during operating hours 24

25 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Optimization Increase system recovery rate Pretreatment Advanced membrane technology Large surface areas High permeability Low-biofouling 25 FEMP Technology Evaluation:

26 RO Optimization Increase system recovery rate Flow configuration optimization Concentrate recirculation Concentrate staging Concentrate Recirculation Concentrate Staging 26

27 Central Plant BMP Automation Blowdown control maximize cycles of concentration Real time dosing, monitoring, reporting Bio-monitoring Equipment Softening Side-stream filtration Ozone/UV microbial control (cooling towers) Chemicals Green chemicals Set performance with chemical vendors Alternate Sources Air handler condensate Rainwater Process discharge FEMP Cooling Tower BMP: FEMP Boiler/Steam System BMP: 27

28 Water Waste Joint Base Lewis McChord 1.5 million gallon per year (Mgal/yr) loss from a leaking pump Represents about 20% of the water used by the central heating plants Replacement pump estimated to cost $18,200 Simple payback is 9.3 years and SIR is

29 Water Waste Idaho National Laboratory Sewage pond augmentation estimated to be 2 Mgal/year to ensure the bentonite clay liner stays wet Design review revealed the pond has a liner 29

30 Resources FEMP Water Efficiency: y.html FEMP Water Efficient Products: hasingspecs.html Federal High Performance and Sustainable Buildings: EPA WaterSense: Alliance for Water Efficiency: 30

31 Thank you! Brian Boyd: Kate McMordie Stoughton: 31