IMPACT OF SEWAGE WASTE ON SOIL AND SUBSURFACE WATER IN JAYSINGPUR CITY

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1 IMPACT OF SEWAGE WASTE ON SOIL AND SUBSURFACE WATER IN JAYSINGPUR CITY Dr. J. J.Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur ABSTRACT Soil and groundwater samples were collected in Jaysingpur town from railway station to Akshay hotel located at Sangali- Kolhapur road to study the possible impact of sewage waste effect on soil and ground water quality. The chemical parameters such as ph, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, chloride content, sulphate, phosphate and the metals like sodium, potassium, copper, manganese, were studied using various analytical techniques. It has been found that most of the parameters of water are not in the acceptable limit in accordance with the WHO standards. It is concluded that the contamination is due to the solid waste materials that are dumped in the area. Key words: Jaysingpur town, ground water, soil, water and soil quality parameters. 1. Introduction With rapidly advancing technology, impact of civilization on natural resources is beginning to prove overwhelming. Rapid increase in population, construction of residential complexes and wide spread industrialization in urban areas has drastically reduced land areas for waste disposal. The quantum of solid and liquid waste is increasing tremendously with time in commensurate with rising industrial production and consequent living standards. Disposal of sewage waste into environment affect both soil and ground water quality. Soil and streams have been used for various purpose including waste disposal. Our careless dumping of waste has affected these precious resources. This has resulted in continuous introduction of natural and anthropogenic substances into the soil which acts as a medium of purification. some of toxic chemicals and microbes may not be removed sufficiently during percolation through soil which in turn contaminate the nearby groundwater sources. Hence, it is essential to assess the impact of retention and distribution of different pollutants in the subsurface strata. The practice of concentrating the sewage and then disposing off after minimal treatment leads to high nutrient(phosphorus and nitrogen) levels, reduced dissolved oxygen concentration as well as higher pathogenic and other microbial population in many of the receiving bodies. There is an increasing trend for treated wastewater discharged into the ground where it mingles with naturally occurring groundwater and subsequently becomes available for reuse. Pollution intensifies in region of high rainfall and shallow water table. Municipal wastewater can introduce various organic and inorganic constituents with pathogenic microorganisms into groundwater through soil. The soil regularly the organic matter in the form of human and animal wastes, sewage, manure, compost, sewage from pans, septic tanks, pit latrines, barnyard wastes, irrigation by sewage etc. All these release pathogen to environment Groundwater contamination is generally irreversible i.e., once it is contaminated it is difficult to restore the original water quality of aquifer. Excessive mineralization of groundwater degrades water quality producing an objectionable taste, odor and hardness. So keeping in view the importance of groundwater and the effect. Municipal solid waste dump on groundwater, the physico-chemical properties such as temperature, total dissolved solids, ph, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total 67

2 hardness, phosphate, chloride, residual chlorine & microbial activities will be studied & analyzed. The present study is an attempt to observe the existence of pollution in groundwater. Contamination of drinking water sources by sewage can occur from raw sewage overflow, septic tanks, leaking sewer lines, land application of sludge and partially treated waste water. Sewage itself is a complex mixture and can contain many types of contaminants. The greatest threats posed to water resources arise from contamination by bacteria, nitrates, metals, trace quantities of toxic materials, and salts. Seepage overflow into drinking water sources can cause disease from the ingestion of microorganisms such as E coli, Giardia Cryptosporidium, Hepatitis and helminthes. 2. Objective Following are the proposed objectives of the sea water distillation by solar energy:- Study of change in properties of sub-surface water. Study of change in properties of soil due to impact of sewage waste. Analysis of impact of sewage waste on plant growth and human health. Preventive measures to reduce the impact of sewage waste on soil and sub-surface water. 3. Literature Review 1.Effects of sewage wastewater irrigation on soil properties, crop yield and environment. Agricultural Volume 103, January 2012, Pages Author-P.K. Singh, P.B.Deshbhratar, D.S. Ramteke Today, due to the constraint in availability of the freshwater for irrigation, waste water especially sewage water is being used for irrigation of agriculture fields. Experiment was conducted for a year on the agriculture form by using experimental crops such as wheat,gram, Palak,Methi and Berseem. These crops were irrigated with groundwater and domestic wastewater. Each crop was applied at recommended NPK dose of fertilizers for treatment. Use of the domestic waste water with fertilizers has shown the improvement in the physicochemical properties of the soil, crop yield and also in the nutrient status as compared to that of the resulted from the application of groundwater with fertilizer. The domestic wastewater irrigation applied for a season had no significant effects apart from, slight changes in salt solubility and alkalinity on a clay soil with sewage wastewater irrigation. 2. Soil effects due to sewage sludge application in agriculture January 1995, Volume 43, Issue 1,PP Author -H. Hani, A. Siegenthaler, T.Candinas Field trials show that increased nutrients (mainly P) and heavy metals in soil due to agricultural use of sewage sludge have mainly to be expected when sludge is applied in too high amounts. The biological effects of heavy metals on plants are determined by their solubility which is increased by ph decrease and degradation of organic matter. Normally, it should be expected that the microbial activity in soil would increase with the application of organic matter in sewage sludge. But, also negative effects on the microflora by simultaneous enrichment of organic matter or inorganic and organic pollutants were found. The most important deteriorate effects on soil microorganisms are the reduction in size of the total biomass, a reduced nitrogen fixing activity and changes in the composition of microbial populations of the soil. At what stage heavy metal toxicity to soil microorganisms or to microbial processes in soil is likely to become evident is unfortunately still uncertain. Again, the soluble fraction of heavy metals (also of organic pollutants) is a determining factor. To minimize the shown environmental risks an adequate sludge management is proposed. 68

3 3.Impact of municipal solid waste dump on ground water quality at Danda Lokhand landfill site in Dehradun city, India International Journal Of Environmental Sciences Volume 5, no 3, 2014 Authors - Gawsia John1, Harendra K. Sharma1, Vikas Vatsa2 Ground water contamination is generally irreversible i.e; once it is contaminated it is Difficult to restore the original water quality of aquifer. Excessive mineralization of ground water degrades water quality producing an objectionable taste, odour and hardness. So keeping in view the importance of ground water and the effect of municipal solid waste dump on ground water. We select the present dump site Danda Lokhand on Sahastradhara road, in Dehradun.The residential areas around this dump site mainly have bore-wells and hand pumps. The depth of these bore-wells & hand pumps around the site varies from feet. The purpose of this study was to assess the physico-chemical properties and microbial activity on underground water was evaluated within 3 months. The physico-chemical properties such as temperature, total dissolved solids, ph, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total hardness, phosphate, chloride, residual chlorine & microbial activities were studied & analyzed. The present study is an attempt to observe the existence of pollution in ground water quality and its ill effects on human beings who settled near the dump site at Dehradun municipal corporation (DMC). 4. Methodology The Preliminary survey on the quality of ground water was conducted in the month of October 2016 as post-monsoon samples and in month of March 2017 as pre-monsoon samples., because the ground water pollution is affected due to water in rainy season. Water: Sample Collection, preservation and analysis were done as per the standard methods. Water samples were taken at specific interval.one litre of samples were collected in polyethylene container for the analysis. The ph, Electrical conductivity, Total alkanity, hardness and chloride content test were done at Dr. J. J.Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur and the test of metals like sulphates,manganese,copper,calcium were taken in Jaysingpur college, Jaysingpur. Soil samples: Sample collection, preservation and analysis were done as per the standard methods. The representative soil samples were collected as per standard methods. The sampling of soil was done using hand augur. The augur was used to bore a hold to the desired depth and then withdrawn.the samples were collected directly from the augur. The sampling area first to be cleaned by wooden rod and first first drilled 20 cm V-shaped hole inside the ground. The samples were removed from hole and collected in bags. The collected soil samples were protected from sunlight to minimise any potential reaction. The dry soil samples for various tests were prepared as per the Indian standard method. The received soil samples dried in sun. The dried soil was passed through the specified sieve and taken for various analysis. Laboratory analysis: The distance-wise distributions of chemical parameters and metals are shown in Tables 1, 2 and the analysis was done as per the standard methods 69

4 SAMPLE Table No.1 (a): Chemical parameters of post monsoon water samples PH TOTAL HARDNESS CHLORIDE CONTENT ALKALINITY OH- CO3-- HCO3- ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L

5 Table No.1 (b): Chemical parameters of post monsoon water samples SAMPLE TDS SODIUM POTASSIUM CALCIUM SULPHATE Na+ K+ Ca 2+ SO42- R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L

6 Table No.2: Chemical parameters of soil sample right at 0 mt ph EC Organic carbon Potassium Phosphorus Mn Fe Cu Zn at 25 mt left at 25 mt left at 50 mt

7 ANALYSIS OF POST-MONSOON WATER SAMPLES Graph No. 1(a) Wilcox diagram Graph No. 1(b) US Salinity diagram Graph No. 1(c) Pipers trilinear diagram 73

8 Analysis of soil samples Graph No. 1(d) Gibbs variation diagram Graph No. 2(a) 74 Graph No. 2(b)

9 Graph No.2(c) Graph No. 2(d) 75 Graph No. 2(e)

10 Graph No. 2(f) Graph No. 2(g) Graph No. 2(h) 76

11 CONCLUSION: From the above discussion it can be said that the quality of ground water in various parameters is fair or satisfactory, but the overall study has revealed that the ground water quality does not confirmed to the drinking water quality standard as per WHO. Ground water near the nala shall not be used for drinking purpose unless it meets specific standards. The agricultural soil near nala is also not good for agricultural purpose without treatment. Preventive measures: Proper methods of waste disposal have to be undertaken to ensure that it does not affect the environment around the area or cause health hazards to the people living there. At the household-level proper segregation of waste has to be done and it should be ensured that all organic matter is kept aside for composting, which is undoubtedly the best method for the correct disposal of this segment of the waste. In fact, the organic part of the waste that is generated decomposes more easily, attracts insects and causes disease. Organic waste can be composted and then used as a fertilizer. 6.References Adhikari, S.; Gupta, S.K. & Banerjee, S.K. (1997). Long-term effect of raw sewage application on the chemical composition of ground water. Journal of Indian Society of Soil Science, 45: Antil, R.S. &Narwal, R.P. (2008). Influence of sewer water and industrial effluents on soil and plant health. In: Groundwater resources: Conservation and management, V.D.Puranik, V.K. Garg, A. Kaushik, C.P. Kaushik, S.K. Sahu, A.G. Hegde, T.V. Ramachandarn, I.V. Saradhi& P. Prathibha, (Ed.), 37-46, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, GJU Science and Technology Hisar, India. Balzer W and Ahrens E (1992) Effects of long-term sewage sludge application on microbial activities in soils in relation to heavy metal content. In: Hall JE, Sauerbeck DR and P. L'Hermite P (eds) Effects of Organic Contaminations in Sewage Sludge on Soil Fertility, Plants and Animals. Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg, Fliessbach A and Reber H (1992) Effects of long-term sewage sludge application on soil microbial parameters. In: Hall JE, Sauerbeck DR and L'Hermite P (eds) Effects of Organic Contaminations in Sewage Sludge on Soil Fertility, Plants and Animals. Office for Official Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg,