By: Nicholas Bhaskar Pittsburgh Central Catholic Grade 9

Transcription

1 Oil Pollution Effects on Autotroph Population By: Nicholas Bhaskar Pittsburgh Central Catholic Grade 9

2 Crude Oil Found beneath Earth s surface Made from dead organisms under sedimentary rock that undergo intense heat and pressure Used as a fossil fuel, refined versions included gasoline Obtained from drilling on land or deep sea

3 Crude Oil Effects on the Environment Potential to devastate the environment, on land and in the sea. Leakages of crude oil can directly enter an ecosystem, destroying habitats and harming life. The Deep Water Horizon in the Gulf coast of Mexico erupted spilling roughly e8 liters of oil into the ocean which eventually reached the coast of the southern United States.

4 Crude Oil Sample Sample from South Dakota Obtained from the seller 2chuck2 from ebay. Composed of the following hydrocarbons: o Paraffins- Waxy substance made up of alkanes o Napthenes- alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms in there chemical structure of there molecules. o Aromatics- Organic molecule containing a benzene ring o Asphaltics- Solid or semisolid mixture of bitumen Composed of the following elements: o Carbon o Hydrogen o Nitrogen o Oxygen o Sulfur o Metals

5 Algae Large diverse group of simple and usually autotrophic organisms Base of the aquatic food chain Used as a bio-indicator for aquatic environments

6 Euglena gracilis Generally cylindrical in shape with many flagella Common algal like protist Partial heterotroph- endocytosis and photosynthesis. Nutrient-rich freshwater or in sewage systems Capable of survival in both salt and fresh water environments Common experimental model

7 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Flagellated, unicellular, green algae Commonly found in fresh water and sometimes even in soil or in snow on mountain tops Can grow on a simple medium of salts in the light, using photosynthesis to provide energy Common experimental model

8 Purpose To test the effect of various concentrations of crude oil on the population growth rates of algae.

9 Hypothesis Null: Crude Oil WILL NOT have a significant effect on Algae growth. Alternative: Crude Oil WILL have a significant negative impact on the growth rate of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Euglena gracilis.

10 Materials Algae: o Chlamydomonas reinhardtii o Euglena gracilis Test tubes (13 x 100 mm culture tubes borosilicate) Micro-Pipettes Micro-Pipette tips Spectrophotometer (Carolina Educator) Test tube rack Crude Oil Soil Water Spring Water

11 Procedure 1. Racks with tubes were set up on a table 54 cm away from a window. 2. Temperature of the room was set to a range of Celsius. 3. The following ingredients were added to the tube to create the following experimental variable concentrations of crude oil (0%, 1%, 5%, and 10%).

12 Tube Concentration Concentration Control 1% 5% 10% Oil Algae 1ml 1ml 1ml 1ml Spring Water 3ml 2.95ml Soil Water 1ml 1ml 1ml 1ml Total Amount 5ml 5ml 5ml 5ml

13 Procedure (Continued) 4. The top of each tube was covered with a piece of wax paper and mixed by inversion. 5. The absorbance at 430 nm was taken using a spectrophotometer. This wavelength is within a maximum absorbance peak for chlorophyll. Thus, population density was measured indirectly by quantifying the amount of chlorophyll present in the sample. 6. Absorbance readings were taken each day for 10 days.

14 Oil effects on Chlamydomonas Absorbance (430 nm) Control 1.00% 5% 10% Day

15 ANOVA: Single Factor Analysis of Variation Statistical test that compares the means of multiple groups. Alpha=0.05 Lower p-value then alpha provides evidence to reject the null hypothesis

16 ANOVA for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Day 5: P Value= 0.06 Not Significant Day 10: P Value= Not Significant

17 Change in Absorbance To see the effect that crude oil had on Euglena the change in absorbance was calculated. Since the initial absorbance readings on day one varied significantly, the % change in absorbance was calculated. Change in Absorbance = ((F-I)/I)*100

18 Oil effects on Euglena % Change of Absorbance (430 nm) Control 1.00% 5% 10% Day

19 ANOVA for Euglena gracilis Day 5: P Value= Significant Day 10: P Value= Significant

20 Dunnet s Test for Euglena gracilis Euglena gracilis: Concentration: 1%- Insignificant 5%- Insignificant 10% - Significant

21 Conclusion The results of the experiment show that the oil had an insignificant effect on Chlamydomonas. Oil at a concentration of 1% and 5% had an insignificant effect on Euglena. Oil at a 10% concentration had a significant negative effect on Euglena. Chlamydomonas- Accept Null Hypothesis Euglena- o Accept Null Hypothesis- 1% and 5% o Reject Null Hypothesis- 10%

22 Limitations and Extensions Limitations o Algal health and longevity might vary o Mixing of Oil Extensions o Use more diverse groups of algae o Cells counts with hemacytometer o Higher Concentrations of oil o Use of Salt Water o Synergistic effects

23 Work Cited topic= oilspill.jpg q=euglena&form=hdrsc2#view=detail&id=e6aa7693f AB16D F88055F99C&selectedIndex=

24 ANOVA: Day 5 Chlamydomonas SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Control ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P- value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total

25 ANOVA: Day 10 Chlamydomonas SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Control E E ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P- value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total

26 ANOVA: Day 5 Euglena SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Control ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P- value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total

27 ANOVA: Day 10 Euglena SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Control ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P- value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total