The Pique Lab Learning Centre P4 CCI Science Programme Answer Booklet

Transcription

1 The Pique Lab Learning Centre P4 CCI Science Programme Booklet

2 CONTENT PAGE Topic Title Page 1 Plants, Fungi & Bacteria Animal Classifications Materials Digestive System Body Systems Plant Life Cycle Animal Life Cycle Magnets Matter Light

3 TOPIC: PLANTS, FUNGI & BACTERIA Q1 4 Q2 3 Q3 4 Q4 3 Q5 2 Q6a (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Statements True False Bacteria grow best in cold and moist places. Bacteria grow better in dark than bright places. Bacteria can only grow under warm conditions. Bacteria reproduce by spores. Impossible to tell b The amount of bacteria on the petri dish is the greatest when the conditions are warm and moist. This shows that bacteria grow best in warm and moist places. c He should place his fourth set-up in a warm and dry place. Q7a Bracket fungi reproduce by spores. b Bracket fungi do not make their own food and feed on dead matter. Thus, they are usually found on dead animals and plants. Q8a Mould grows best in moist and dark places. b Mould do not make their own food. They feed on plants or animals that they grow on, dead or alive, by breaking them down into simpler substances and absorbing them. 1

4 c Variables Type of bread Location of the experiment Amount of moisture present Amount of mould growing on the bread Kept the same Q9a Plant A: Reproduce by seeds Plant B: Reproduce by spores b No. Bread mould does not make its own food but Plant B makes its own food. OR Yes. Both bread mould and Plant B reproduce by spores. Q10a Organism B is a living thing that cannot make its own food and reproduces by giving birth. b Organism A is a plant. Only plants can make its own food and A can make its own food. c Mushroom 2

5 TOPIC: ANIMAL CLASSIFICATIONS Q1 4 Q2 2 Q3 3 Q4 3 Q5 2 Q6a Ladybird b A ladybird has six legs, like insects. c Birds have feathers as their outer covering. d The cat and hamster live on land while the whale lives in water. Q7a X: Outer covering of hair/ Mammals Y: Outer covering of scales/ Reptiles Z: Outer covering of moist skin/ Amphibians b A snake belongs to Group Y as snakes have scales as their outer covering. c They have hair as their outer covering. They produce milk and suckle their young. Q8a Step C and D. b Animal P has eight legs but an insect has six legs. OR Animal P has 2 body parts but an insect has 3 body parts. Q9a Both the amphibian and fish reproduce by laying eggs. b Body Covering: The amphibian has moist skin as its body covering but the fish has scales as its body covering. Method of breathing: The amphibian breathes through lungs on land and breathes through its moist skin in water while the fish breathes through its gills in water. 3

6 Q10a Similarity: Both X and V lay eggs. Difference: V has scales but X does not have scales. b (i) Z (ii) V (iii) W (iv) Y 4

7 TOPIC: MATERIALS Q1 3 Q2 1 Q3 3 Q4 3 Q5 3 Q6 Floats; sinks Q7a D, B, A, C b Choose: Material C c Use Data: The mass of material C before and after it was placed in the water remained the same. Explain Data: This shows that material C did not absorb any water and is waterproof. Thus, it is more suitable to make gloves for washing dishes. Q8a Strength of the materials b Choose: Material D. Use Data: The amount of weight that caused material D to break was the most. Explain Data: This shows that material D is the strongest and would best protect the person wearing the helmet. Q9a Material C is flexible but material D is not flexible. b Material A absorbs water and allows most light to pass through. c Choose: Material B. Use Data: Material B allows most light to pass through, Explain Data: allowing the fish in the tank to be seen clearly. Use Data: Material B also does not absorb water, Explain Data: which ensures that the fish tank is able to hold water without any water spilling out. d Rubber Q10a The aim of the experiment is to find out if the type of fabric affects the amount of water absorbed by the fabric. 5

8 b Choose: Fabric B. Use Data: The amount of water left in the container after fabric B was placed in it was the least. Explain Data: This means that fabric B absorbed the most amount of water and is the most absorbent. Thus, fabric B would be able to absorb most amount of water from the person s body, causing the person to be the driest. 6

9 TOPIC: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Q1 2 Q2 3 Q3 2 Q4 2 Q5 3 Q6a Part D b Parts A, C and D. The amount of undigested food decreases at Parts A, C and D, which shows that digestion takes place at Parts A, C and D. Q7a Draw the X at the large intestine. b Label the small intestine c The teeth chew food into smaller pieces. This increases the exposed surface area of the food in contact with the saliva. Thus, the saliva, which contains digestive juice, is able to break down the food into simpler substances at a faster rate. Q8a Parts A, C and D. b Large intestine Q9a R: digested food S: excess water and mineral salts b If a person did not chew the food enough, the exposed surface area of the food in contact with the digestive juices will become smaller. This causes digestion to take place at a slower rate, and the time taken to complete digestion would be longer. Q10 4, 3, 5, 2, 1 7

10 TOPIC: BODY SYSTEMS Q1 3 Q2 4 Q3 3 Q4 4 Q5 2 Q6 Respiratory System Circulatory System Circulatory System Respiratory System Q7a Organs B and E do not contain digestive juices and do not carry out digestion. b The digestive system breaks down food into simpler substances, which are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream. The circulatory system then transports the digested food through the bloodstream to all parts of the body. c Absorption of excess water and mineral salts from the undigested food Q8a 1. Heart 2. Lungs b The skeletal system supports the body and gives the body its shape. Q9ai Respiratory System aii Windpipe bi Heart and lungs bii The skull protects the brain. Q10a Water: C/D Mineral salts: D/C Digested food: A Undigested food: B b Oxygen Carbon dioxide c Respiratory System 8

11 TOPIC: PLANT LIFE CYCLE Q1 4 Q2 3 Q3 1 Q4 4 Q5 2 Q6a Set-up A and B. The seeds in Set-up A and B were placed on damp cotton wool, allowing them to have water, which is needed for germination. b Part A is the seed leaf, which provides food for the seedling to grow until the true leaves are formed. Q7a Tick (i) b The water-carrying tubes/xylem, which transport water from the roots to the flower, caused the flower to change colour. Q8a The flowers of the plant develop into fruits. b Part A traps sunlight in the process of photosynthesis to make food for the plant. c Part B anchors the plant firmly to the ground, reducing the chances of the plant getting uprooted during stormy weather. d As the number of part B of the plant increases, the amount of water absorbed by the plant also increases. Q9a The mass of seed leaves is 4.7mg. (Any reasonable answer between 4.1mg to 5.7mg) b The seed leaves provide food for the seedling before the true leaves are formed. Thus, the mass of the seed leaves decreased as the seedling used up the food stored in the seed leaves over time. c The true leaves of the plant have developed, which trap sunlight in the process of photosynthesis to make food for the plant. Thus, the plant does not have to rely on the seed leaves for food. Q10a Flask Y; Flask X 9

12 b The plant in Flask Y has roots, unlike the plant in Flask X. Thus, the plant in Flask Y is able to absorb water faster, causing the volume of water left in the flask to be lower, which is shown by the graph on the left. c 5 (any reasonable answer between 3 to 8) d As the distance of the beaker from the lamp increases, the number of gas bubbles released per minute decreases. 10

13 TOPIC: ANIMAL LIFE CYCLE Q1 3 Q2 2 Q3 2 Q4 2 Q5 1 Q6a Larva b Pour a layer of oil on the surface of the water. The oil will block the breathing tube of X, causing X to be unable to take in air/oxygen and die. Q7a Difference 1: X has a 4-stage life cycle while Y has a 3-stage life cycle. Difference 2: The young of X does not look like its adult while the young of Y looks like its adult. b The larva stage. In the larva stage, it feeds a lot on the leaves of the plants, damaging the crops. Q8a W has a 3-stage life cycle but Z has a 4-stage life cycle. b A butterfly has a 4-stage life cycle and its young does not resemble the adult, unlike W, which has a 3-stage life cycle and its young resembles the adult. ci X cii Y Q9a D à C à A à B à E b The frog lays many eggs at once to increase the chances that some of the eggs would not be eaten by predators and would hatch to form tadpoles, ensuring the survival of its own kind. c The young of animal Y looks like its adult while the young of the frog does not look like its adult. Q10a At stage C, the butterfly is in its pupa stage and does not feed, causing its mass to remain the same. b Stage B. At stage B, the butterfly is in its larva stage and it feeds a lot on the leaves of the plants, damaging the crops. 11

14 TOPIC: MAGNETS Q1 2 Q2 2 Q3 3 Q4 4 Q5 3 Q6a Rod Z is a magnet and the like poles of Rod Z and the magnet are facing each other and are repelling. This causes Rod Z to move away. b Rod Z, which is a magnet, lost its magnetism when it was heated over a flame. Thus, the magnet attracts Rod Z, which is now only a magnetic material, causing it to move towards the magnet in Diagram 2. OR Rod Z, which is a magnet, lost some of its magnetism when it was heated over a flame. Thus, the magnet repels Rod Z with a weaker force, causing it to move towards the magnet in Diagram 2. *Key concept tested: Magnets lose magnetism when placed over a flame. Q7a North pole b The like poles of the magnets were facing each other and were repelling, causing them to float above one another. Q8a The iron nail moves towards iron bar A. b There are more coils of wire around iron bar A. Thus, iron bar A was magnetised to become a stronger electromagnet and acted at a distance to attract the iron nail, which is made of a magnetic material, with a greater force. c The nail will remain in its position. Aluminium is a non-magnetic material and would not be attracted by the magnetised iron bars. 12

15 Q9a Object P is a magnet and would come to rest in the North-South direction. b Steel/Iron/Nickel/Cobalt c Magnet A is stronger than Magnet B. d 2cm (any reasonable answer less than 3cm) Q10ai Object A is a magnet. aii Object A moved away from the bar magnet. This shows that object A is a magnet as only magnets with like poles facing each other repel. bi The magnet s magnetism acts at a distance and passes through the thin piece of wood, which is made of a non-magnetic material, to attract the clip, which is made of a magnetic material. bii The clip would drop as no magnet is present to exert a magnetic force on the clip to pull it up. 13

16 TOPIC: MATTER Q1 2 Q2 2 Q3 2 Q4 2 Q5 3 Q6a The air occupies space in the beaker and cannot escape. As air can be compressed, only a few drops of water could enter the beaker to occupy the space of the compressed air. b The glass tube allows the air in the beaker to escape. Thus, all the water in the glass funnel can enter the beaker to take the space of the air that has escaped. c A very narrow glass tube will cause the water to flow into the beaker at a slower rate. d A very narrow glass tube would allow the air in the beaker to escape slower. Thus, the water in the funnel would enter the beaker slower to take the space of the air that is escaping slower. Q7a Air b There was air between the small beads, which escaped. Thus, 30ml of water was able to flow into the container to occupy the space of the air that had escaped. c 14

17 Q8a Remove the air from balloon B and observe the lever balance. The lever balance would tilt downwards at Balloon A, showing that air has mass. bi 300cm 3 bii 300cm 3 c Air does not have a definite volume and can be compressed. Thus, air would occupy the space in the container, regardless of the number of pumps of air given. Q9a The water level in the bottle will decrease. b When he blew air into the bottle, the air occupied space in the bottle and could not escape. Thus, the air displaced the water in the bottle, causing the water to escape the bottle through the plastic tube. c Water has a definite volume and cannot be compressed. Q10a Bowl: Solid Hot Soup: Liquid b With two holes on the lid of the can, the milk in the can could escape through one hole while air in the surroundings could enter the can to take the space of the milk that is flowing out through the other hole. Thus, the milk will flow out faster. 15

18 TOPIC: LIGHT ENERGY PROPERTIES OF LIGHT/LIGHT RAYS Q1 3 Q2 2 Q3 4 Q4 2 Q5 4 Q6a b Light from the light bulb is reflected off the mirror into Susan s eye, enabling her to see the light bulb round the corner. c Light travels in a straight line. OR Light can be reflected. Q7a Light from the lamp post, which is reflected off the man, is reflected off the side mirror into the driver s eyes. b Transparent Q8a Place objects S closer to each other on the moving belt. b Light travels in a straight line. c An object that is less than 4cm in height cannot block light from the light sensor. Thus, it cannot be counted. 16

19 TOPIC: LIGHT ENERGY PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Q9 2 Q10 2 Q11 1 Q12 2 Q13 3 Q14a Cloth R b Choose: Cloth Q. Use Data: The amount of light that is reflected off Cloth Q is the most. Explain Data: Thus, most light from the street lamps/headlamps would be reflected off the safety vest made of Cloth Q, allowing the cyclist wearing the safety vest to be seen most easily. Q15a Cylinder A blocks less light than cylinder B. b Cylinder A: Frosted glass Cylinder B: Metal c A slightly darker glass will block more light from the sun. Thus, less light from the sun will pass through the window into the room, causing the room to be less bright. Q16a False b True c True d Not possible to tell 17

20 TOPIC: LIGHT ENERGY SHADOWS Q17 2 Q18 1 Q19 1 Q20 4 Q21 3 Q22a b Q23a Light from the torch, which travels in a straight line, was blocked by the puppet, which is opaque. b Move the puppet closer to the screen. 18

21 c d Light from the candle, which travels in a straight line, is blocked by mirror B, causing him to be unable to see the lighted candle. e Light travels in a straight line. Q24a Sheet Y is translucent and allows some light to pass through. b Blocked c 19