C7 Quick Revision Questions

Transcription

1 C7 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only

2 Question 1... of 50 What does a finite resource mean?

3 Answer 1... of 50 A resource that is being used up quicker than it is being replaced.

4 Question 2... of 50 What is a non-renewable resource?

5 Answer 2... of 50 A resource that is no longer being made.

6 Question 3... of 50 What is crude oil made from?

7 Answer 3... of 50 Plankton and other ancient biomass compressed in mud over millions of years

8 Question 4... of 50 What is a hydrocarbon?

9 Answer 4... of 50 A molecule made from ONLY hydrogen and carbon

10 Question 5... of 50 Name the first 4 hydrocarbons of the alkane homologous series.

11 Answer 5... of 50 Methane Ethane Propane Butane

12 Question 6... of 50 State the formula and the displayed formula for methane

13 Answer 6... of 50

14 Question 7... of 50 State the formula and the displayed formula for ethane

15 Answer 7... of 50

16 Question 8... of 50 State the formula and the displayed formula for propane

17 Answer 8... of 50

18 Question 9... of 50 State the formula and the displayed formula for butane

19 Answer 9... of 50

20 Question of 50 What is the general formula for an alkane?

21 Answer of 50 C n H 2n+2

22 Question of 50 What process separates crude oil?

23 Answer of 50 Fractional distillation

24 Question of 50 What property of hydrocarbons is used to separate crude oil?

25 Answer of 50 Boiling point

26 Question of 50 List the fractions of crude oil in order starting with the largest hydrocarbons

27 Answer of 50 Bitumen Fuel Oils Heating Oil Diesel Paraffin Petrol LPG

28 Question of 50 Describe the temperature gradient of the of the fractionating column

29 Answer of 50 Hotter at the bottom, cooler at the top

30 Question of 50 Where would fractions with lower boiling points exit the column (such as LPG)

31 Answer of 50 The top

32 Question of 50 Why does Bitumen exit at the bottom of the tower?

33 Answer of 50 Bitumen does not boil in the tower, it sinks as a thick liquid to the bottom of the tower.

34 Question of 50 H Why do long chained hydrocarbons have high boiling points?

35 Answer of 50 Long hydrocarbon chains have more intermolecular forces which requires more energy to break.

36 Question of 50 H What happens when hydrocarbon chains are heated to boiling point?

37 Answer of 50 Weak intermolecular forces between the hydrocarbon chains are broken (not the strong covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms)

38 Question of 50 List 3 important properties of a fuel which are related directly to their use

39 Answer of 50 Boiling point Viscosity flammability

40 Question of 50 What determines the boiling point, flammability and viscosity of a hydrocarbon?

41 Answer of 50 The size of the hydrocarbon molecule

42 Question of 50 What is the relationship between hydrocarbon size and viscosity?

43 Answer of 50 As the hydrocarbon size increases, the viscosity increases.

44 Question of 50 What is the relationship between hydrocarbon size and boiling point?

45 Answer of 50 As the hydrocarbon size increases, the boiling point increases.

46 Question of 50 What is the relationship between hydrocarbon size and flammability?

47 Answer of 50 As the hydrocarbon size increases, the flammability decreases.

48 Question of 50 What are the products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel?

49 Answer of 50 Carbon Dioxide and Water

50 Question of 50 What is incomplete combustion?

51 Answer of 50 When a fuel burns in short supply of oxygen

52 Question of 50 Which releases more energy from the same fuel, complete or incomplete combustion?

53 Answer of 50 Complete combustion

54 Question of 50 Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of ethane

55 Answer of 50 C 2 H O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O

56 Question of 50 What is incomplete combustion?

57 Answer of 50 When a fuel burns in a limited supply of oxygen

58 Question of 50 What are the products of the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

59 Answer of 50 Water carbon monoxide carbon

60 Question of 50 Why does incomplete combustion produce a yellow flame?

61 Answer of 50 Carbon (soot) appears yellow when burning in the flame

62 Question of 50 Why is carbon monoxide toxic?

63 Answer of 50 Carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin in the red blood cells preventing oxygen from being delivered around the body

64 Question of 50 What is the solution to the supply and demand problem of petrol?

65 Answer of 50 Cracking

66 Question of 50 What is cracking?

67 Answer of 50 Large hydrocarbon chains are broken down in to smaller more useful chains

68 Question of 50 What conditions are needed for cracking?

69 Answer of 50 Catalyst High temperature

70 Question of 50 What are the products of cracking?

71 Answer of 50 Short chained alkanes Short chained alkenes

72 Question of 50 What is the test for an alkene?

73 Answer of 50 Alkenes turn bromine water from orange to colourless

74 Question of 50 SS What is an alkene?

75 Answer of 50 A hydrocarbon with at least 1 double carboncarbon bond

76 Question of 50 SS What is the formula and displayed formula for ethene?

77 Answer of 50 Ethene

78 Question of 50 SS What is the formula and displayed formula for pentene?

79 Answer of 50

80 Question of 50 SS Is ethene saturated or unsaturated?

81 Answer of 50 Unsaturated

82 Question of 50 SS What is the general formula of alkenes?

83 C n H 2n Answer of 50

84 Question of 50 SS Why do alkenes burn in air with a smoky flame?

85 Answer of 50 Incomplete combustion

86 Question of 50 SS What is the functional group of an alkene?

87 Answer of 50 Carbon carbon double bond

88 Question of 50 SS What is the product of the addition reaction of ethene and bromine?

89 Answer of 50 dibromoethane

90 Question of 50 SS What are the conditions needed for the additional reaction of ethene and hydrogen?

91 Answer of 50 Heated catalyst of finely divided nickel 300 o C

92 Question of 50 SS What are the conditions needed for the additional reaction of ethene and water?

93 Answer of 50 Hot phosphoric acid catalyst Steam Produces ethanol

94 Question of 50 SS What is the functional group on an alcohol?

95 Answer of 50 -OH (oxygen and hydrogen)

96 Question of 50 SS What is the formula and displayed formula of ethanol?

97 Answer of 50 a

98 Question of 50 SS What is the formula and displayed formula of butanol?

99 Answer of 50 a

100 Question of 50 SS What is the name of the process used to made alcohol?

101 Answer of 50 fermentation

102 Question of 50 SS What conditions are needed for fermentation?

103 Answer of 50 Water Enzymes (from yeast) 25 o C to 40 o C Absence of oxygen

104 Question of 50 SS In fermentation what is produced if oxygen is present?

105 Answer of 50 Ethanoic acid (vinegar)

106 Question of 50 SS Why is an optimum temperature needed?

107 Answer of 50 If temperature is too high, enzymes will be inactive If temperature is too low, enzymes will become denatured

108 Question of 50 SS What process is used to purify the alcohol produced by fermentation?

109 Answer of 50 Distillation

110 Question of 50 Write a word equation for the reaction of ethanol with sodium

111 Answer of 50

112 Question of 50 SS What is produced when an alcohol is oxidised?

113 Answer of 50 Carboxylic acid

114 Question of 50 SS List 2 ways carboxylic acids behave which is typical of all acids

115 Answer of 50 Dissolve in water producing acidic solutions React with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide

116 Question of 50 SS What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

117 Answer of 50 -COOH

118 Question of 50 SS What is the formula and displayed formula for butanoic acid

119 Answer of 50

120 Question of 50 How is an ester made?

121 Answer of 50 Reacting an alcohol with an acid

122 Question of 50 SS What is polymerisation?

123 Answer of 50 Joining of monomers to make a polymer

124 Question of 50 SS Draw the polymer for the monomer below

125 Answer of 50 CH 3

126 Question of 50 SS What is the reaction called making a polymer using two different monomers?

127 Answer of 50 Condensation polymerisation

128 Question of 50 SS What are the two functional groups of an amino acids?

129 Answer of 50

130 Question of 50 SS Write the displayed formula for Valine

131 Answer of 50

132 Question of 50 SS What is a nucleotide made of?

133 Answer of 50 Sugar molecule Phosphate group Base