December, 11 12, 2017 Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo. ECOPA BRAZIL Task 2. Fabio Soares / Dominique Desjeux

Transcription

1 December, 11 12, 2017 Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo ECOPA BRAZIL Task 2 Fabio Soares / Dominique Desjeux

2 PROJECT Evolution of consumption patterns, economic convergence and carbon footprint of development: a comparison Brazil France (ECOPA) The postdoctoral research question is: What are the drivers of energy consumption, considering the different social groups of the population and their income level? Objectives O1. To define a product basket that can be used as benchmarked to identify direct and indirect energy consumption per income level O2. To identify drivers of consumption patterns per income level.

3 Activities The activities and deliveries were driven to : Classify and analyze population groups and their income levels; Develop a survey in order to identify the main drivers of consumption per income level; Identify and classify direct and indirect energy consumption per income level; Understand and classify the relationship of main drivers with direct and indirect energy consumption; Compose the report presenting the classification of main drivers of energy consumption (direct and indirect) patterns per income level.

4 Planning 1 METHODOLOGY 2 PRACTICES The food process: itinerary outside the home and inside the home. Focus on meat. The logistical importance of screens in the home: Appliances: consuming energy in the domestic space for food, body,cleaning, heating, communication (the new hub), leisure Mobility in the public space: mobility is one of the main indicator of consumption of energy Dealing with energy: why and how people are using energy, what are the contraints which prevent actors in consuming less energy or the potentiality which druve them to decrease their consumption?(ex. replacing bulbs ; the bill; the meter ; device meters) Parental influence Third parties influence

5 Study methodology Area : State of São Paulo (45 M inhabitants) Year: 2016, 4 months Number of families interviewees: 20 (2 times by interview; 3/4 hours Criteria (main criterion of differenciation: income) upper middle class (10+) middle class and (3 to 10) lower class (from 0 to 3 minimum wages; 1000 reals/month) Method : qualitative based on guide of interview Itinerary Method semidirectif interviews (recorded), in the home of interviewee Content analysis : we distinguish representation from practices. The gap is explained by material, social and symbolic constraint.

6 1. Outside itinerary

7 1.1 Mobility: consuming energy in the public space

8 1.2 Private Transportation energy Vehicles Bought vehicles Vs Rental vehicles Several cars, one car, zero car Expensive vs cheap car Hybryd (flex) vehicle Motorcycle Bycle By foot Energy Petrol (gas, essence): the most efficient Alcool from sugar cane: the most affordable Diesel for luxury vehicles : more expensive

9 1.3 Collective transport vs private vehicle Less comfortable Lack of service of mobility network Less expensive Bus Subway: greater speed and comfort but need more subways

10 The food process as an itinerary from supermarket to the home

11 Buying Where: Cooking in the home or going to restaurant (more during week-end and holydays) When going to restaurant: restaurant, steak house When cooking at home Supermarkets: lower prices, diversity, fast, more comfortable, proximity Free market, street market

12 2. Inside Itinerary

13 2.1 Consuming electricity by electronic devices in the kitchen From the 1970 s: explosion of new appliances Facilitating domestic live and comfort The kitchen is one the main place of using energy Uses : cooking to feed family Who takes advantage of the change: That gives more comfort to women Objects/appliances : Storing objects: refrigerator Transforming and cooking objects: stove, mixer, blender Cleaning dishes: dishwashers

14 Food: the importance of meat in Brazil Practice: barbecue (to celebrate something or in week end) Food Meat: beef, chicken, pork, lamb and sausage. Fish Rice and beans Cereals, vegetables, dairy products, fruit Frequence: 3 to 5 times a day between breakfast and supper Representations of food: daily energy needs, leisure and fun

15 2.2 living Communication and leisure in the home The living: landline (tel fixe) Screens: Cell phones, computers, tablets, television (living, dormitory, TV room)

16 2.3 Consuming energy in the domestic space

17 2.3.1 Domestic energies Natural gas : 20% ( much more used by higher income classes) Uses Cooking Water heating Supply : pipe line Cheaper than LPG LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) : 80% ( much more used by lower income classes) Uses Cooking Water heating Supply : industrial cylinder you buy in a shop or by delivering Constraints Price (LGP is more expensive) Availability of natural gas Electricity Shower Water heating Supply: hydro-electric companies Price: cheap or not (depend on the income class) Other energy Wood (just a few, mainly lower income class) Two ways of consuming energy: Direct energy and incorporate energy by the way of goods and services

18 The end of the itinerary: storing clothes, disposal Bedroom : dedicated closet, wardrobe Disposal: gift, donation

19 Disposal of devices Lack of infrastructure in order to recycle these devices

20 2.4 The other topics The body maintenance: bathroom, hygiene, health, the smoke, services linked to body (nails, haircut) Cleaning clothes: electric iron, washing machine Clothes and mobility thanks to Internet and delivery Education Leisure: dogs and cats

21 Personal Hygiene, Health services

22 In the bathroom, the living and the home Cleaning house: vacuum Beauty items in the Bathroom : hair dryer, iron flat Users: all members of the family Heating/refreshing: heaters, air conditinners, ventilators, portable fans All these devices explain the increase of the demand in energy

23 Clothing items such as indirect energy consumption

24 Buying or Gift (by the higher class) Getting clothes Buying in a super market or by Internet (buying by Internet increase the mobility of delivery and so the consumption of energy, but would also decrease the mobility to shopping center). That is increasing the use of screens (cell phone, tablets, computers). So now the home can be seen as a new hub of consumption Care or don t care about the origin of the cloth They care about beauty, weather, comfort, casual Influence of parents. Influence on what?

25 The Main Drivers of Consumption identified by the Survey Income (income level, confort and appliances) Urbanization (people moving from country to cities, transportation) Globalization (availability of products) Retailing (expansion of services) Marketing (forces to consumption, industry movement for sales) Tecnology (velocity of inovation, easy and fast information) Attitudes, Behaviour and life style (frequently linked to income, education, influence) Lack of Public Policies and Metering (providing residential energy consumers with feedback is important because it makes energy visible, allows for active participation of households in energy management practices, and provides flexibility as to how energy savings are achieved.)

26 Level of importance of each main driver of consumption by income class +++ more important + less important Higher Class Medium Class Lower Class Income Urbanization Globalization Retailing Marketing Technology Attitudes, Behavior and life Stile Lack of Public Policies and Metering

27 THANKS!!