Integrated management: management of the whole of an area or a system rather than just its individual parts

Transcription

1 Integrated management: management of the whole of an area or a system rather than just its individual parts Sustainable management: management that meets the needs of the present generation while preserving an area for future generations

2 Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) recognises that the coastal environment is more than just the thin strip where the land meets the sea. ICZM is about managing the whole of the coastal area over a long period of time. The key principles behind ICZM are: - it is a long-term sustainable approach involving the equal use of resources (natural, cultural and economic) - it brings together all the various organisations who have responsibility for managing the coastal area - it recognises not only the need to protect the coast but also the importance of recreation and business to coastal settlements

3 Mediterranean Sea - managing a coast using ICZM The Mediterranean Sea covers about 2.5 million square kilometres. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar on the west. The man-made Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. The Mediterranean coastal area includes 21 countries from 3 continents (see below) and has a population of over 300 million people.

4 Line graphs showing facts about the Mediterranean Sea Urban population (millions) Water demand (km2/year) Energy demand (million tonnes of oil) (est.)

5 The Prestige oil tanker disaster in November 2002: the tanker sank off the coast of Spain. The oil was washed ashore, causing extensive damage to the environment, tourist industry and fishing industry. A major oil spill could occur in the Mediterranean at any time. The European Union (EU) has two regulations in place to prevent old oil tankers from being used in the Mediterranean. What is the EU is doing to prevent further disasters like this? Greenpeace's work towards stopping the release of toxic chemicals from industry into the environment. Greenpeace claim that companies have a lot of money and political influence and often lie about the pollution that they cause. The companies insist that they are working within environmental guidelines.

6 Describe the pressures on the Mediterranean Sea. Try to include as many keywords from the list as you can. D - sea - industrial - desertification - increase - climate change - demand - environments - pollution - population - development - sewage - water shortages C B A* CHALLENGE

7 Pressures on the Mediterranean coastal area The main pressures on the Mediterranean coastal area are: - sea pollution from industrial waste and untreated sewage and air pollution from industry and transport - population increases leading to bigger, sprawling cities, and illegal development - damage to environments by the development of tourism - hotels and holiday resorts - the threat of desertification as increasing amounts of underground water are used - water shortages because of increases in demand and climate change - overfishing - the European Environment Agency says that over 65% of all fish stocks in the region are outside safe biological limits

8 The Blue Plan (Plan Bleu) for managing the Mediterranean in a sustainable manner The Blue Plan - a sustainable future for the Mediterranean - was produced by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in The report recognised the pressures faced by the Mediterranean coastal area and highlighted levels of pollution and population growth as being key concerns. It made recommendations about how the area should be managed so that it could be cleaned up by It is an example of ICZM being used to manage an area. The Plan considered the economy, environment and people of the whole area rather than just concentrating on the shoreline.

9 CATT Consequently As a result Therefore This means that

10 The Blue Plan for managing the Mediterranean reducing the pressures -Make 10% of all the coastal areas into nature reserves. Consequently the areas will be protected and people can t build or develop there. -Develop tourism inland to relieve pressure on the coast. As a result there will be less pressure on the coast and benefits of tourism can be spread to a wider area -Treat all waste water before it is pumped into the sea. Therefore there will be less industrial pollution and the environment will improve. -Encourage people to use water sparingly and conserve water. This means that there will be enough water for people and for different uses in the future.

11 Greenpeace have gone a step further and have proposed marine reserves, which would protect 40% of the Mediterranean Sea f9121ed64&source=embed&ll= , &spn= , &z=3&dg=feature

12 The key recommendations were: - to make 10% of all the coastal areas into nature reserves to protect them - to reduce building development along the coast and have green areas between areas of development to prevent sprawl - develop tourism inland to relieve pressure on the coast and spread the benefits of tourism to a wider area - issue guidelines for the development of new tourist facilities to ensure they fit in with the environment - treat all waste water before it is pumped into the sea - encourage people to use water sparingly and introduce water conservation measures - have stricter rules to prevent pollution - develop renewable energy sources