Water Production associated to CO 2 injection into a saline aquifer

Transcription

1 Renewable energies Eco-friendly production Innovative transport Eco-efficient processes Sustainable resources Water Production associated to CO 2 injection into a saline aquifer Nico 2 las Maurand Dennis Rivadeneira

2 Overview Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO 2 Storage Capacity Management Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection Economical aspects Final Conclusions 2

3 Model set up Parameters and Conditions Average Value Porosity [%] 20 Permeability [md] 200 Grid Anisotropy ratio 0.1 Thickness [m] 200 Initial reservoir temperature Thickness [ C] 70 Initial reservoir pressure Thickness [bar] 100 at 1000m Rock compressibility Thickness [1/bar] 4.35E-5 Irreducible water saturation [%] 15 Critical gas saturation [%] 5 Maximum water relative permeability 0.9 Maximum gas relative permeability 0.55 Salinity [g/l] 50 x y z Number Length (m) Boundaries No flow conditions for every one. No heat and fluid exchange with the upper and lower layers 3

4 Overview Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO 2 Storage Capacity Management Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection Economical aspects Final Conclusions 4

5 Solution 1: Stopping CO 2 injection Conditions 1 Mt/y CO 2 during 20 years Overpressure evolution during 10 years Overpressure [bars] Shut-in Pressure Time [years] Overpressure [bars] ONLY 2 BARS of REDUCTION!! Time [years] 5

6 Solution 2: Water production Idea: Avoiding overpressure Reservoir pressure bars Reservoir temperature 70 c Rho Water res. conditions Rho Gaz res. conditions 1.02 g/cm g/cm3 1 CO 2 Tons 1.87 Water Tons 1.84 Water m CO2 m3 6

7 Solution 2: Water production Overpressure decrease constant injection rate Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 1 Mt/y CO 2 during 30 years BHFP producers 100/72bars Case 1 to 6 wells 7

8 Solution 2: Water production Overpressure decrease constant injection rate Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 1 Mt/y CO 2 during 30 years BHFP producers 100/72bars Case 1 to 6 wells Overpresure (Bars) % -65% -75% Number of production wells Overpressure 100 bars Water Production 100 bars Overpressure 72 bars Water Production 72 bars 0 Water Production (Mtons) 8

9 Solution 2: Water production CO2 storage capacity increase constant injection pressure Simulation parameters 1500 m Injector-producers 50 bars overpressure allowed BHFP producers 100 bars Case 1 to 6 wells 30 years of simulation Mass (Mtons) x5.9 x4.3 x Number of Wells CO2 injected Water production 9

10 Overview Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO 2 Storage Capacity Management Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection Economical aspects Final Conclusions 10

11 Desalination of the resident water production Technologies Reverse Osmosis (47%) [40-50 g/l] Multi-stage Distillation (37%) [> 50 g/l] Nanofiltration (16%) Always residual concentrated brine Reject to the sea Take into account the local policies Reinjection in geological formation Reservoir Water Reservoir salinity [g/l] Ideal Desalination Process Residual brine [359 g/l] Max sat. NaCl in Water Resid. brine Re-injected Mass [%] Irrigation water [0.5 g/l] Irrigation water Mass [%]

12 Residual concentrated brine reinjection Simulation Model 2000 m 4500 m 12

13 Residual concentrated brine reinjection Simulation OK Reinjection scenario Both scenarios have the same water production history 5 spot model 1 Mt/y CO 2 30 y simulation NO Reinjection scenario OK Reinjection scenario BASE CASE: No water production No brine reinjection 56% of reduction in average!! 36% of reduction in average!! 11 bars of difference 13

14 Residual concentrated brine reinjection Simulation CO2 capacity for NO reinjection and OK reinjection Scenario Maximum Overpressure allowed is 50 bars Increase in water production CO2 injected- Reinjection Scenario Accumulated Mass (Mtons) Increase in CO2 injection Number of Wells Water production- Reinjection Scenario CO2 injected- NO Reinjection Scenario Water production-no Reinjection Scenario 14

15 Residual concentrated brine reinjection Simulation CO2 capacity for NO reinjection and OK reinjection Scenario Maximum Overpressure allowed is 50 bars NO Reinjection Scenario OK Reinjection Scenario Accumulated Mass (Mtons) Number of Wells CO2 injected- Reinjection Scenario Water production- Reinjection Scenario CO2 injected- NO Reinjection Scenario Water production-no Reinjection Scenario 5 spot configuration Number of wells Comparison with zero wells case (CO2 injected mass) Comparison with zero wells case (CO2 injected mass) 0 1,00 1,00 1 1,82 1,55 2 2,53 2,45 3 3,49 3,27 4 4,30 4,57 5 5,09 5,32 6 5,91 5,98 15

16 Overview Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO 2 Storage Capacity Management Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection Economical aspects Final Conclusions 16

17 Scenarios 100Mt CO 2 injected Passive Management Active Management "brine reinjection" Active Management "brine rejected to sea" 300 km pipe (100 km + 4x50km) 4 sites: 4 CO 2 injection wells need rig move km pipe (100 km + 100km) 1 site :1 CO 2 injection well 4 prod. well 1 Wat prod. well 150 km pipe (100 km + 50km) 1 site :1 CO 2 injection well 4 prod. well

18 ONSHORE Economical Analysis PCRM Scenario 4 CO2 injector ACRM Scenario (Brine reinjection) ACRM Scenario (Rejecting water to the sea) Expenses (M ) ( /ton) Expenses (M ) ( /ton) Expenses (M ) ( /ton) CO2 Capture CO2 Capture CO2 Capture Onshore transport Onshore transport Onshore transport Offshore transport Offshore transport Offshore transport Transport Transport Transport Caracterisation cost Caracterisation cost Caracterisation cost Drilling cost Drilling cost Drilling cost Monitoring cost Monitoring cost Monitoring cost CO2 Storage CO2 Storage CO2 Storage Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment 0 0 Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment Water Desalination Cost - primary treatment Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment 0 0 Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment Water treatement Cost - secondary treatment total expenses including industrial water total expenses including industrial water total expenses including industrial water total expenses including drinkable water total expenses including drinkable water total expenses including drinkable water Revenues (M ) ( /ton) Revenues (M ) ( /ton) Revenues (M ) ( /ton) CO2 avoided CO2 avoided CO2 avoided Industrial Water Revenue Industrial Water Revenue Industrial Water Revenue drinkable Water Revenue drinkable Water Revenue drinkable Water Revenue total revenues including industrial water total revenues including industrial water total revenues including industrial water total revenues including drinkable water total revenues including drinkable water total revenues including drinkable water CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M ) ( /ton) CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M ) ( /ton) CO2 Capture + Transport + Storage Balance (M ) ( /ton) Total cost Total cost Total cost Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) Cost - Total revenues (CO2+industrial Water) Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water)

19 Economical Analysis Summarize Onshore 50.0 ONSHORE 40.0 Total cost EUR/tCO Passive Management Active Management (Brine reinjection) Water revenue effect Active Management (Rejecting water to the sea) Total cost - water traitement Total expenses Cost - Total revenues (CO2+drinkable Water) 19

20 Overview Model setup and parameters Overpressure and CO 2 Storage Capacity Management Stopping CO2 injection Resident brine production Water Production Management Desalination of the resident water production Residual concentrated brine reinjection Economical aspects Final Conclusions 20

21 Final conclusions Water production decreases largely reservoir overpressure Water production increases largely CO 2 storage capacity Effects in overpressure and storage capacity from brine reinjection are not considerable Active reservoir management could be economically feasible, comparing with passive management. 21

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