Bhutan s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement

Transcription

1 Bhutan s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement

2 Outline Introduction NDC from Bhutan National Context Mitigation Adaptation Means of Implementation Towards implementation 2

3 Introduction Country Profile Total area=38,394 sq km Elevation: 160m -700m above sea level Population: (56.3% engaged in forestry and agriculture Forest cover: 70.46% (Sequestration level 6.3 million tons of CO2, In million tons of CO2 produced) Fragile mountain Ecosystem, Rich biodiversity 100 % of electricity generation is through hydropower, Low level of industry 3

4 Introduction Bhutan s INDC Submitted on 30 September 2015 Flexibilities provided for LDCs and SIDs to submit strategies and plans Based on existing legislation, policies, strategies & assessments Preparing the INDC Consultative process (four technical rounds + high level review) Task force = MSTCCC + sector representatives & led by NEC Financial support from UNDP/European Commission

5 National Context GHG emissions GHG emissions still relatively low Total emissions: 2.2 million tons CO 2 equivalent in 2013 global: 0.0% rank #167 Forests Sink: 6.3 million tons CO 2 estimated Agriculture emissions relatively high (because electricity is ~100% hydropower) subsistence farming and livestock largely stable trend Rising emissions energy for transport industries waste 5

6 National Context GHG emissions 1,400 1,200 1,000 Trends in GHG Emissions from Bhutan (all sectors without land use and forests) Agriculture Total Energy + Industry (Fossil Fuels) Gg of CO2 Equivalent Energy Industrial Processes Waste - 6

7 National Context Vulnerability to climate change fragile mountainous ecosystem economic dependence on: water resources agriculture forests & natural resources 7

8 National Context - legal basis Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan Article 5, Article 8.2, and Article 22.1 Environmental legislation National Environmental Protection Act 2007 Environmental Assessment Act 2000 Policies Forest Policy 2011 Economic Development Policy 8

9 Mitigation (of GHG gases) Bhutan s contribution Carbon Neutral Commitment : Emission will not exceed forest sink capacity 60% forest cover minimum will be maintained as per constitution Reiterates commitment of COP15 Approach pursue low emission development (LED) pathways across all sectors International support to implement strategies, plans and actions 9

10 Mitigation (of GHG gases) 9 priority actions for low GHG emission development 1. Forest sink management 2. Low carbon transport 3. Sustainable waste management 4. Greening industry 5. Clean renewable energy (mechanisms) 6. Climate smart livestock farming 7. Climate smart agriculture 8. Demand side energy management 9. Green buildings and smart cities 10

11 Adaptation (to the adverse impacts of climate change) "Adaptation Component included to communicate concerns and priority needs for adaptation to impacts of climate change National Adaptation Plan (NAP) NAPs: vehicle to communicate adaptation priorities and needs under Paris Agreement NAP Process : national process for reducing vulnerability and integration of adaptation into national development process Priority adaptation needs in INDC based on NAPA, Second National Communication to UNFCCC other sectoral plans and priorities. 11

12 Adaptation (to the adverse impacts of climate change) 10 priority adaptation needs to address impact of climate change 1. Water security 2. Climate resilient agriculture 3. Ecosystem services (forest/ biodiversity) 4. Resilience against climate hazards 5. Climate health risks 6. Climate proof transport infrastructure 7. Resilient livestock farming 8. Enhanced climate information services 9. Diversified energy generation 10. Resilient urban and rural settlements 12

13 Means of Implementation Remaining carbon neutral: o maintain and monitor forest sink through NFI and REDD+ activities o mitigate GHG emissions across sectors using Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) Institutions and process: through existing institutions o National Climate Change Committee + Climate Change Coordination Committee (C4) o Integration in five year development plans o Synergies across sectors and levels Existing legal & policy framework: NEPA 2007, EDP and others Enabling action: Awareness, capacity building, education & research Finance and support: o Achievement of climate actions will depend on level of international support o development needs and "additional burden" of adaptation and mitigation 13

14 Towards implementation Paris Agreement Parliamentary ratification process concluded in May 2017 INDC à first NDC Integrating priority actions and needs in 12 th FYP NKRA 6 and others Elaborating elements of INDC for implementation (with UNDP) Industry (DOI/MOEA) Renewable energy (DRE, MOEA) Housing (MOWHS) 14

15 THANK YOU & TASHI DELEK 15