A TECHNOLOGY FOR TODAY. Atlanta 2010

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1 A TECHNOLOGY FOR TODAY Atlanta 2010

2 Mechanical Systems Manager Smith College, Northampton, MA

3 Overview Cogeneration Benefits Technologies Case Studies

4 Why do Colleges have Physical Plants? Power Houses? Power Plant? Boiler House?

5

6 Campus Steam Distribution What about Electricity? Hp Steam IP Steam LP Steam Power Plant

7 Conventional Power Generation

8 Conventional Power Generation Typical Coal Plant Efficiency = 35% Best Modern Power Plant Efficiency = 56% Cogeneration Plant Efficiency = 65 85%

9 Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of heat and electricity from one fuel source. Cogeneration is not a new technology

10 Cogeneration Provides: Onsite Generation of Reliable Power. Waste Heat Recovery for Heating, Cooling or Dehumidification. Seamless System Integration. Increased Efficiency of Energy Production and Distribution Systems.

11 Cogeneration Provides: Renew Physical Infrastructure of Plant and Distribution. Reduce Exposure to Volatile Energy Markets. Generate up to 90% of Annual Electric Needs of your Campus. Reduce Emissions - Especially CO2.

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13 Very Efficient Multi Fuel Steam For Heating Electricity Steam for Cooling

14 Higher Efficiency = Lower Emissions

15 Any Questions or comments so far?

16 Cogeneration Technologies

17 Reciprocating Engines

18 Reciprocating Engines

19 Reciprocating Engines

20 Case Study - Wellesley College

21 Case Study - Wellesley College Five Reciprocating Engines totaling 7.5 Mega Watts Export Excess Power to the Local Grid Each Engine has it s own HRSG Each Engine has Jacket Cooling Providing Domestic Hot Water Three Conventional Boilers Swing to Provide Thermal Demands

22 Reciprocating Engine Efficiency

23 Reciprocating engines are well suited to a variety of distributed generation applications Reciprocating engines have many desirable qualities: Quick Starts Follow Electrical Loads Well Multiple Engines in Battery High Electrical Efficiencies A few drawbacks: High Maintenance Low Exhaust Gas Temperatures Fairly High Emissions Usually Integrated with Boilers Vibration, Size, Noisy

24 Any Questions on Reciprocating Engines?

25 Boilers & Steam Turbines

26 Boilers &Steam Turbines

27 Boilers & Steam Turbines Widely used in CHP Applications Oldest Prime Mover Technology Capacities: 50 kw to Hundreds of MWs Most Common Types Back Pressure Steam Turbine Extraction - Condensing Steam Turbine

28 Boilers & Steam Turbines

29 Case Study - Williams College

30 Williams College One Boiler / Steam Turbine System 1 Nebraska Boiler 70, psi 1 Dresser Rand 3 megawatt Back Pressure Turbine Two Conventional Boilers Swing to Provide Thermal Demands

31 Steam Turbines Advantages: Simple Proven Technology Low Capital Cost No Frictional losses High Total Efficiency Disadvantages: Must Have a Boiler Long Start up Times Large Steam Demand Avoid Partial load Operation Avoid Starting and Stopping Constant Pressure and Temp

32 Advantages of Steam Turbines over Reciprocating Engines Thermal Efficiency of a Steam Turbine is Higher than that of a Reciprocating Engine. A Steam Turbine is a Much More Durable Prime Mover. Much Higher Speed may be Developed and a Far Greater Range of Speed is Possible than in the Case of Reciprocating Engines. No Real Frictional Losses in a Steam Turbine Steam Turbines Come in a Very Wide Range of Sizes

33 Any Questions on Steam Turbines?

34 Combustion Turbines & HRSG s Compressor Combustors Turbine Drive Gear

35 Heat Recovery Steam Generator

36 Combustion Turbines & HRSG s

37 Combustion Turbines & HRSG s

38 Case Study Smith College

39 Smith College Cogen One Combustion Turbine / HRSG Train GT = 3.5 MW s / HRSG = 20,000 lbs Steam per/hr Three Conventional Boilers Swing to Provide Thermal Load. (110,000+ lbs/hr) No Steam Turbines. Steam goes Directly to Campus Steam Provided for Chilled Water Production

40 Smith College Amherst College University of MA - Amherst

41 Advantages of Combustion Turbine / HRSG Technology: Dual Fuel Capability Incremental in Size Total Cycle Efficiency can be up to 80% Can Reduce Facility Energy Costs by Typically 30% Reliable on Site Electricity Generation Dramatically Reduce Campus Emissions more than any other Technology Some Disadvantages: High Initial Cost Pressurized Gas Required Sensitivity to Ambient Temperatures Long Term Service Contracts

42 Cogeneration Produces Almost 8% of US Electric Power Saves Colleges and Industry Owners Over $5 Billion/Year in Energy Costs Decreases Energy use by Almost 1.3 Trillion BTU s Per Year Reduces NOx Emissions by 0.4 Million Tons Per Year Reduces SO2 Emissions by over 0.9 Million Tons Per Year Reduces CO@ by over 35 Million Metric Tons Per Year Source (

43 Any Questions on Combustion Turbines and HRSG s?

44 Do you pay more than $.07/ kilowatt-hours on average for electricity (including generation, transmission, and distribution)? Are you concerned about the impact of current or future energy costs on your campus? Is your facility located in a deregulated electricity market? Are you concerned about power reliability? Do you have thermal loads throughout the year (including steam, hot water, chilled water, hot air, etc.)?

45 Does your college have an existing central plant? Do you expect to replace, upgrade, or retrofit central plant equipment within the next 3-5 years? Do you anticipate a facility expansion or new construction project within the next 3-5 years? Have you already implemented energy efficiency measures and still have high energy costs? Are you interested in reducing your facility's impact on the environment?

46 Chuck Dougherty Atlanta 2010