NELSON MAINA DEPUTY DIRECTOR,FOREST CONSERVATION. Presentation by: 12/8/2016 1

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1 AN OVERVIEW PRESENTATION ON BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA DURING GBEP WORKING GROUP CAPACITY BUILDING FOR SUSTAINABLE BIOENERGY ON 30 TH NOVEMBER ROME, ITALY. Presentation by: NELSON MAINA DEPUTY DIRECTOR,FOREST CONSERVATION 12/8/2016 1

2 INTRODUCTION Energy is a critical component in the Economy, standards of living and national security. The level and intensity of energy use is a key indicator of economic growth and development. Kenya Vision 2030 has identified energy as one of the infrastructure enablers of its socio economic pillars. Sustainable competitive affordable and reliable energy for all the citizens is a key factor of realization of Vision /8/2016 2

3 ENERGY SECTOR IN KENYA The commercial Energy sector in Kenya is dominated by petroleum and electricity as the prime movers of the modern sector of the economy Woodfuel provides energy needs for the traditional sector including rural and urban communities Woodfuel and other biomass account for about 68% of the total primary energy followed by petroleum 22%, electricity 9% and others 1% 12/8/2016 3

4 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIOENERGY IN KENYA Bio energy development in Kenya can be traced way back to the construction of the Kenya Uganda Railway between Then it was decided that fuelwood plantations be established along the railway line to feed the locomotives. The tea industry Kenya top foreign exchange earner has depended on woodfuel to fire its boilers and a switch to any other forms of fuels may be detrimental to the to its economic survival After the first oil shocks of the 1970 s again the government started exploring ways of diversify its energy needs. The shocks brought the development of Euphorbia plantations to produce biofuels. 4

5 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIOENERGY IN KENYA.. The sugar industry at same time started producing Bio-ethanol that was blended with petrol. The bioethanol project did not go far after the petroleum prices went down, thus rendering bio-ethanol un-economic to produce. Biodiesel is currently not in any major use in Kenya, but experimental use has been bone at Jomo Kenyatta University and with some local NGOs Development of Jatropha circus became a hot topic in early 200 and proposals for large scale plantations started flowing. Petroleum prices declined again thus minimizing this debate. 5

6 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BIOENERGY IN KENYA.. Biogas technology has been in use and many plants were introduced in 1980 s but due to problems of maintenance, management and high initial costs penetration has been low. Sugar industries are now producing electricity from bagasse. Examples are Mumias and Ramisi. A plant has been started in Baringo County to produce electricity from Prosopsis juriflora, an invasive species 6

7 KENYA MAP SHOWING BIOMASS SUPPLY AND DEMAND BALANCE 7

8 PROJECTIONS OF BIOMASS CONSUMPTION AND SUPPLY Years Yr Yr Yr Yr Yr Population Consumption tonnes/yr 28,686,607 32,694,444 36,810,671 40,941,673 44,981,767 35,119,615 39,896,632 44,599,347 49,164,960 53,416,327 Sustainable supply tonnes/yr 15,024,510 15,488,936 16,634,550 17,984,406 19,559,738 Deficit tonnes/yr (20,095,105) (24,407,696) (27,964,797) (31,180,555) (33,856,589) Deficit (%) Deficit (tonnes/person)

9 CHALLENGES OF USING BIOENERGY Unsustainable use of biomass with attendant negative impacts on the environment, leading to serious climate variability and unpredictability in rainfall patterns. Excessive consumption of ground water thus draining limited natural water supplies like rivers and swamps. Some bioenergy crops like Eucalyptus species have been accused of draining rivers and wetlands Emissions from wood fuel in poorly ventilated houses leading to health hazards among users. Lack of appropriate legal and regulatory framework for sustainable production, distribution and marketing of biomass. 9

10 CHALLENGES OF USING BIOENERGY Insufficient information and awareness on trees and crops that are commercially viable for bioenergy business. Inadequate data on biomass production and consumption. Disjointed approach in policy implementation by the various ministries and organizations responsible for biomass energy like environment and energy. Inadequate recognition of biomass as a source of energy, despite its predominance in the energy mix. Use of inefficient technologies in production, conversion and consumption of biomass energy. 10

11 CHALLENGES OF USING BIOENERGY Competing interests over land use between biomass plantations, food production, livestock and other uses. Suppression by petroleum and electricity stakeholders thus condemning it as a dirty fuel There is a gap between the existing tree cover vis-a-vis the minimum constitutional requirement of 10%. 11

12 STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE BIO- ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Undertake a comprehensive base line study on biomass energy resources and potential Develop and maintain a database on biomass energy resources and potential in the country. Formulate and implement a national strategy for coordinating subsistence and commercial biomass production. Promote and update standards for efficient conversion and cleaner utilization of biomass including cleaner charcoal and wood burning stoves. 12

13 STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE BIO- ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Promote Research, Development and Dissemination (RD&D) of biomass energy technologies. Undertake capacity building for biomass energy technologies. Provide incentives for private sector participation in generation, exploitation, production, distribution, supply and use of biomass energy. 13

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