Reactor Technologies for Carbon-Neutral Solar Fuels and Clean Vehicles

Transcription

1 JRC-CERTH Technical Meeting Reactor Technologies for Carbon-Neutral Solar Fuels and Clean Vehicles Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos, Souzana Lorentzou, Eleni Papaioannou, Georgia Kastrinaki & Dimitrios Zarvalis Aerosol & Particle Technology Laboratory, CPERI/CERTH CERTH CENTRE FOR RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY-HELLAS

2 Functionalized Structured Reactors Emission Control Reactors Soot nanoparticles, CO, HC, NOx Solar Reactors Thermochemical processes for energy production

3 Functionalized Structured Reactor Development (Nano)-Particle Synthesis Shaping of structured reactor bodies Coating/Functionalization of structured reactors

4 From Droplets to Particles with Different Morphologies/Nanostructures 1.8 Normalized Distribution particles droplets Size (µm) Droplet Size ( μ m) 10 nm 10 nm

5 Aerosol Based Manufacturing Pilot Plant deposition synthesis

6 Functionalizing/Coating Porous Supports Ceramic Foam Fibrous metal Ceramic Honeycomb Functionalized/Coated samples

7 On Surface Flexibility in Deposition Mode Inside the Pores Layer Inside Microchannels 1.5 x 150 mm

8 Functions of an Emission Control Reactor (4WC) Nanoparticle Separation: Filtration & Pressure Drop Reactor: Soot, CO/HC/NO oxidation, NOx reduction Ash Accumulator: Aging performance

9 Adding Multiple Catalytic Functions to a Porous Wall Separate Catalyst Functionalities Substrate Catalyst 1 Catalyst 2 Catalyst 3 Different Catalyst Particles Multi-Functional Particles High ΔP Low ΔP

10 Aerosol Synthesis of Diesel Emission Control Catalysts Improvement in soot oxidation NO to NO 2 oxidation unaffected by HC 1/m 0 (dm/dt) (s -1 ) 2.5E E E E E-04 CeZrXYZ CeZrXY Wet Chemistry CeZrX Soot CeZr Ce NO conversion Material C commercial sample Eq. Equilibrium wo w/o HC HC w w/ HC HC 200 ppm NO 100 ppm C 2 H 4 10% O 2 in N 2 1/m o (dm/dt) (s -1 ) 0.0E E E E E E E Temperature (C) CeZrXYZ CeZrXY Aerosol Based CeZrX CeZr soot Temperature (C) Ce HC conversion T 50 < 140 C Temperature (C) Material A Material B Material C HC oxidation at low temperature Temperature (C)

11 Multi-Functional Filter-Reactor (MFR) The MFR is a 4-way converter solution for soot nanoparticle removal and oxidation, CO and HC oxidation and NOx removal.

12 1/m(dm/dt) (s- 1 ) MFR Assessment 4 times higher soot oxidation rate at 550 C compared to a State of the Art DPF 4.5E E E E E E E E E E+00 State of the Art DPF Uncoated MFR1 Our MFRDPF samples samples 1, 21, 2 MFR Temperature (C) SAE

13 Doping for Thermal Resistance to Sintering Mixed Oxide Catalyst MOC 1 Mixed Oxide Catalyst MOC 2 aged aged

14 Size specific clean filtration efficiency MOC2 aged MOC2 fresh Filtration Efficiency MOC1 aged MOC1 fresh dp (nm)

15 1/m(dm/dt) (s- 1 ) MFR Aging (equivalent to 100,000 km) New Samples Aged Sample Temperature (C)

16 Fuel penalty comparison for different driving cycles 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% SA DPF MFR % % 3.00% 2.00% % -18.4% 1.00% 0.00% NEDC Slow city cycle Interurban cycle Highway cycle

17 Emission Control Science and Technology is the single, authoritative outlet for all areas of emission control research, development and application related to mobile (automotiveland/air/sea transport) and stationary sources in the energy, chemical process and manufacturing industries where combustion technologies are employed. Editors-In-Chief: Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos Mansour Masoudi

18 Functions of a Solar Thermochemical Reactor Volumetric Receiver: Absorption of solar radiation/conversion into heat Heterogeneous reactor: Gas solid reactions/catalytic reactions

19 Key Enabling Technology: Redox Materials Oxidation of reduced oxide H O H + M O M O + CO CO + M O 1/2 O Q + M O 2 2 x y x y-δ 2 x y 2 x y Syngas (H 2 +CO) Thermal reduction of oxide M O + Q M O + /2O x y x y-δ 2 Heat storage

20 Temperature ( o C) Temperature ( o C) Temperature ( o C) Simultaneous H 2 O & CO 2 splitting over a redox material H2 (mmoles/min/gsolid) H2 T bed (C) H 2 H H 2 O splitting CO (mmoles/min/gsolid) O2 (mmoles/min/gsolid) CO T bed (C) Time (min) O T bed (C) Time (min) CO CO O 2 O CO 2 splitting thermal reduction Time (min) 0

21 Cycling Process Temperature ( o C) Reactant gas concentration: 100% CO CO O2 Temperature CO and O 2 concentration (mmoles*min -1 *g redox -1 ) Time (h)

22 Solar Fuels Technology Evolution 3 kw, first production of solar H 2 3 kw x 2, continuous Η 2 production 100 kw Χ 2, pilot plant 1 MW plant design 1 MW installation 750 kw plant HYDROSOL-I HYDROSOL-II HYDROSOL-3D HYDROSOL-PLANT PROMETHEUS Advanced Grant 2015 EXPO 2005 IPHE 2006 Descartes Prize 2007 EU IDEAS Award 2010 Taipei Inv. Tech. 2014

23 Clean Energy & Materials from Sun, H 2 O & CO 2 H 2 O H 2 O CO 2 O O H 2 Solar Synthesis Gas Η 2 + CO C x Η y (Liquid Fuels/Fischer-Tropsch process) H 2 COH 2 4Η 2 + CO 2 CΗ 4 + 2H 2 O (Gas fuels, methane/sabatier process) Η 2 + CO C x Η y (Plastics) Sustainable Storage of Carbon AND Hydrogen!

24 Vision: Sustainable Mobility and Clean Energy Enabler: Aerosol Based Manufacturing Solar Fuel Reactor H 2 O CO 2 C O O redox material H H C O H 2 CO 20 nm CO 2 CO 2 Air Capture clean exhaust CO 2 CO, HC NOx, Soot Multifunctional Emission Control Reactor ICE ICE Solar fuels

25 Carbon Neutral Solar Fuel Plant Clean Energy and Green Mobility H 2 H 2 O Electric Energy CO 2 CH 4, C x H y Fuels & Chemicals Waste Heat for Solar Desalination H 2 O EXPO 2005 IPHE 2006 Descartes Prize 2007 EU IDEAS Award 2010 Taipei Inv. Tech Advanced Grant

26 Helionomics Solar to Liquid (STL) Fuels

27 Biomimetic Integration of North and South CO 2 producing North VEINS: CO 2 pipelines from Carbon Capture ARTERIES: Carbon Neutral Solar Fuels Pipelines Solar Fuel South

28 PROMETHEUS Energy Corridor: A Holistic Approach to Sustainability Coal/Lignite Natural Gas Oil Industrial Minerals Wastes/Pollutants Plants and Animals Energy Carriers Food Raw Mat. Hardware & Reactors Processes/ Treatment Networks / Pipelines Transport / Distribution Sustainable Technologies Uses Environment Mankind Impacts Solar Energy Organic & Agricultural Residues Water Control and Software Supply Chains & Logistics Smart Communities Economic Development

29 Clean Energy cluster KNOWLEDGE CREATION & TRANSFER EVIEX ESTIA EXELGROUP NOVEL PRODUCTS & MARKETS SPANOS ΣΠΑΝΟΣ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΕΣ ΙΚΕ THERMI CERTH APTL HELPE RES DRAXIS ENGAIA ITI, CPERI, HIT COMPUCON CHIMAR RENEWABLES / LOW CARBON ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY EFFICIENCY/EMISSION CONTROL

30 Regional Innovation and Smart Specialization

31 A Solar Thermochemical Proposal for the Black Sea s life-threatening H 2 S Solar Cracking of H 2 S Solar Steam Reforming of H 2 S H 2 S S + H 2 H 2 S + H 2 O SO 2 + H 2 3 A HYDROSOL-like plant at B can convert H 2 S into H 2 2 H 2 S is separated at A and transferred to a sunny location nearby e.g. Greece 1 H 2 S produced at the bottom of the Black Sea is pumped disolved in water to a land station A

32 Energy Corridor between Emirates-EU CO 2 export site QATAR: Solar Fuel Production Ship carries LNG from Qatar to EU Ship brings from EU CO 2 to Qatar

33 Acknowledgments The European Commission for supporting our research in combustion engines and their emissions through >24 projects over the last 18 years including projects APT-STEP, CLEANER-D, HCV and our partners in these projects. The European Commission for supporting our Hydrogen and Solar Fuels research with >16 projects including projects ARMOS, RESTRUCTURE, STORRE, NEMESIS2+, ARTIPHYCTION, BIOROBUR, EU-SOLARIS, HYDROSOL-3D and our partners in these projects The Greek Secretariat for Research and Technology for supporting our research through projects HYDROSOL+ and NANOREDSOL. Past and Current Industrial Partners including Molycorp, Tenneco, Ibiden, Honda, CR Fiat, AVL Our colleagues at APTL 18YEARS