Sara Cederberg Technical Director, LEED U.S. Green Building Council

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2 Sara Cederberg Technical Director, LEED U.S. Green Building Council A strong proponent of enhancing human health and well-being in the built environment, at USGBC, Sara combines her background in architecture with years of LEED project management experience to advance sustainable design strategy and spur innovation in building products & materials. Sara directed the programs associated with USGBC s $3 million grant from Google to advance the healthy building materials market. She has worked extensively on the technical development of the LEED rating system, from managing the creation of LEED v4 LEED Online forms to creating reference guide content, education materials and resources for LEED v4.

3 USGBC LEED + Health(care) When 91% of a sample tell you patient wellbeing is an important reason to build green, 58% tell you it s the most important reason, and 47% say that patients recover faster in green buildings, it is clear that improved well-being is an important finding that the market cannot afford to ignore. -McGraw-Hill Construction

4 LEED + WELL Selected similarities from Appendix E 01 Air quality standards Pilot Credit 68: Indoor Air Quality Performance Testing 02 Smoking ban EQ prerequisite: Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control 03 Ventilation effectiveness EQ credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 2) EQ prerequisite: Minimum Indoor Air Quality Performance (Option 1) 15 Increased ventilation EQ credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 2, for mechanically ventilated or mixedmode system spaces) 17 Direct source ventilation EQ credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 1, for mechanically ventilated spaces) 18 Air quality monitoring and feedback EQ: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 2) 05 Air filtration EQ credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 1) 07 Construction pollution management EQ credit: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan 08 Healthy entrance EQ credit: Enhanced Indoor Air Quality Strategies (Option 1, for mechanically ventilated spaces) 13 Air flush EQ credit: Indoor Air Quality Assessment (Option 1) 25 Toxic material reduction MR credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization Material Ingredients (Option 2) 26 Enhanced material safety MR credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization Material Ingredients (Option 2) 97 Material transparency MR credit: Building Product Disclosure and Optimization Material Ingredients (Option 1)

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6 LEED v4 System Goals Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being Protect and improve individual human health through changes in how we design, construct and operate within the built environment. Support Occupant Comfort and Well-Being To support the mental health, well-being and vitality of building occupants. Examples of included measure are: improved daylighting, indoors acoustics, greater access to the outdoors, closer proximity to community services, increased ventilation, etc. The scope of this component is focused on the building use phase of the building cycle, and within the project boundary. Protect Human Health from Direct Exposure to Negative Health Impacts To focus on measures that can lead to improved general health and a reduction of factors (e.g. toxicity levels, carcinogenic substance levels, accidents/injury) that contribute to increased rates of morbidity and/or mortality for building occupants and construction workers. Examples of these might include low VOC building materials, pre-occupancy flush outs, improved construction management practices, improved ventilation rates. The scope of this component includes: building occupants and design & construction crew during the construction phase and use phase of the building cycle, within the project boundary and its immediate surroundings. Protect Human Health Globally and Across the Built Environment Life Cycle To focus on measures that can lead to improved general health and reduce factors that contribute to increased rates of morbidity and/or mortality for all those who are involved or are affected by the impacts of a building project during its product life cycle. This component includes any impacts upstream or downstream of the construction and use phases of a building but excludes the use phase and construction phase because these impacts are accounted for in the other components of the Human Health impact category. Examples of included measures are: (1) the reduction on the reliance of fossil fuels that, through their extraction (i.e. mining) and processing (e.g. as an energy source, or other product), result in localized pollution and harmful human health effects; (2) the use of building materials that minimize the use of harmful chemical and substances during its production, manufacturing, and distribution (3) building materials that are manufactured in a socially responsible way that do not jeopardize the health and working conditions of employees.

7 LEED v4 System Goals Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being

8 LEED v4 System Goals Enhance Individual Human Health and Well-Being

9 LEED v4 Materials and Resources

10 Materials & Resources LEED v4 Key Concepts The building product ecosystem is complex. So is the supply chain. If one actor upstream decides not to disclose, it breaks the information chain for everyone else.

11 Materials & Resources LEED v4 Key Concepts Category Number of Chemicals Tobacco Smoke 2 Disinfection by-products 4 Pesticides, insecticides, and metabolites 30 PCBs 42 VOCs and metabolites 57 The CDC regularly screens a representative sample of the US population for over 200 common chemicals and pollutants and detects many chemicals in the majority of people tested. Data from: CDC Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (updated February, 2015)

12 Materials & Resources LEED v4 Key Concepts

13 Materials & Resources LEED v4 Key Concepts HAZARD What is the harm? What is the effect, or endpoint? (e.g, irritation, cancer, endocrine activity) Is it acute (immediate and short lived) or chronic (delayed and prolonged)? Where does the data come from? RISK = HAZARD x EXPOSURE Combines hazard information with dose (the amount needed to cause harm) and likelihood of exposure to that amount The result is a probability Hazard Assessment: Identifies substances of potential harm to human and ecological health Risk Assessment: Adds to hazard, by incorporating amount of substance that causes harm and likelihood of exposure Toxicological experiments (cells, animals) or simulations Epidemiological evidence linking patterns in known exposures to health effects COMPLEXITY OF EXPOSURE Exposure models have difficulty with complex situations: Synergistic effects outcomes from exposure to multiple substances Cumulative exposures multiple sources of exposure to a single substance

14 It s hard for scientists, too! MISSING DATA Very small fraction of the 84,000 chemicals on the market have been tested for toxicity DATA HARD TO OBTAIN AND INTERPRET Immediate vs. long-term effects Complex systems can t always conclusively link cause : effect

15 Trade-offs are inevitable In some situations you might have to decide between health and the environment, occupant exposure and end of life. Not all material properties are intuitive Figure out what questions to ask. Materials data is getting more complex Translating data to actionable information takes expertise.

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18 LEED v4 Indoor Environmental Quality

19 Indoor Environmental Quality LEED v4 Key Concepts: Air Quality MONTIORING Outside air flow rates Carbon dioxide Additional sources (e.g. PM) TESTING Radon VOCs SOURCE CONTROL Comfort No smoking Outdoor air quality Entryway systems Filtration Low emitting materials Construction IAQ planning

20 Resources USGBC LEED v4 Impact Category and Point Allocation Development Process Measuring Health in LEED Vimeo channel YouTube channel AIA Materials Matter webpage Materials transparency & risk for architects: An introduction to advancing professional ethics while managing professional liability risks

21 Instant recess!