DO UNIVERSITIES IN AFRICA REALLY CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR COUNTRIES?

Transcription

1 DO UNIVERSITIES IN AFRICA REALLY CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR COUNTRIES? Presented by Eng. Albert Butare Vice-Rector (Academic) Kigali Institute of Science, Technology and Management, B.P.3900,Avenue de l' Armee, Kigali, RWANDA

2 Yes; Context General knowledge Building an informed society Part of socio-economic, cultural and political status

3 No; Context Curricula Investment in research Concern and understanding of the stakeholders (Public & Private Sector) Lack of innovation & entrepreneurial attitudes

4 A CASE OF RWANDA

5 Profile of Rwanda & Socio- Economic Indicators Land area 26,338 sq.kms Population approximately 8.2 Million 54% Female & 46% Male Population Density = 592 per Sq.km of arable land

6 Cont.. Pop. Growth rate = 3% Population shall double by the year 2020 Literacy % pop = 48% Gross Primary enrol. = 88% Gross Secondary enrol. = 10% Gross tertiary enrol. = 1% Workers trained beyond secondary < 5% Trained managers < 0.1% Access to safe water = 44% Life expectancy at birth = 49

7 Cont.. Agriculture 91% of Employment (70% SSA) Services 7.2% of workforce (22.5% SSA) Industry 2% of workforce (7.5% SSA)

8 Challenges facing Rwanda Widespread poverty Low level of Human Capital Development Lack of social infrastructure and utility services like energy, Water supply, waste management, etc! (Cont.)

9 Poor health and sanitation facilities Weak industrial base Lack of an appropriate technology base. Lack of natural resources etc

10 Role of Institutions of higher learning in Economic Development A Case of KIST

11 APPROACH AND GUIDELINES Major mandate: Teaching & Learning research and service to community GoR Vision 2020 GoR Poverty Reduction Strategy Relevance to the community needs.

12 KIST The Beginnings

13 From Military to Education

14 KIST Six years on Additional Built area=17,750 m 2

15 Faculties Technology Science Management School of Languages/Studies Centre for Continuing Education

16 Variety of Programmes Full-time for Diploma and Degrees Part-time Incl. AVU and Distance Learning Tailor made on demand - under In Service Training Outreach Programmes Under CITT and Cottage Industries

17 Other Programmes Computer skills for all Bilingual Training (French & English) for all Practical training in labs & workshops Industrial attachment Project work Community attachment

18 Practical Training in workshops & labs

19 New Engineering Labs

20 Response to Community needs: Center for Innovations and Technology Transfer - Technologies: Agro based technologies Crop post harvest processing & storage Water supply technologies Sanitation and waste management Simple road networks & bridges Rural transportation Rural & semi-urban cost effective housing Energy supply

21 (i) TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT - Agro based Technologies Treadle pumps for irrigation

22 - Food Processing Technologies Solar drying cabinet (rear)

23 Crop drying cabinet Solar Collector Drying Cabinet

24 Edible oil press machine Technology Transfer: Demonstrating operation and performance test

25 Tomato sauce machine

26 Sugar cane juice machine

27 Processed food at KIST: - juice, jam and ketchup

28 - Water Supply Technologies Guttering fixtures for rainwater harvesting

29 Rainwater storage tank

30 - Simple rural roads and bridges People must cross but there was no bridge

31 Foot bridge under construction

32 Cutting the ribbon First pedestrian suspended bridge in Rwanda

33 The sick can now reach hospital

34 People can now get to the market

35 - Waste Management and Sanitation Toilet wastes require treatment before disposal

36 Waste Management: Cyangugu Prison. Problem Technical solution Success

37 Bio-latrines for schools / community use

38 - Rural Transportation Oxcart: rural transportation facility

39 Pushcart

40 - Wooden Scooter

41 Kanombe low Cost Housing - Low cost housing Scheme

42 ENERGY SUPPLY Energy status in the country Source: Policy, strategies, and programs of the energy sector (1998)

43 Electricity Energy Supply 19.3 kw/person/year 2.2 % of the population connected to grid a prime mover of economic development

44 Biomass Energy Forests (natural, artificial) are the major sources of energy Annual production: 4,938,267 m 3 Annual consumption: 7,428,071 m 3 Annual deficit > 2 million m 3 Not sustainable!

45 Forests in lorries

46 Charcoal on bicycle

47 Methane Gas 60 billion m 3 available 55 billion m 3 exploitable Efforts underway

48 Solar Energy Sufficient solar radiation Solar PV still very expensive Use of solar thermal system still limited No impact at all

49 Geothermal Potentials exist along the shore of Lake Kivu Exploitation not yet undertaken (levels of investment costs)

50 Peat About 155 million tons available One third exploitable Exploitation not yet undertaken (serious studies on exploitation & use required)

51 Wind Energy Wind regimes low; 2 3 m/sec (not reliable).

52 Hydrocarbons! Imported! Rwanda is land locked! Expensive

53 KIST INTERVENTION Focus: Renewable energies Solar electricity: panel, regulator, battery

54 Solar electricity for street lighting (KIST)

55 Solar electricity for household lighting

56 Solar water heating system in operation, washing for the sick, Gikonko Hospital-Butare

57 Instant shower

58 Cyangugu central prison: biogas Production Bio gas plant construction

59 Demonstrating the Bio-gas monitoring device

60 Project phase 1: Biogas production from wastes of 1500 inmates: 75,000 Litres of gas / day.

61 Household Bio-gas application, lighting and cooking

62 Briquetting Technology

63 KIST wins top award on bread oven technology

64 Princess Anne presents award

65 (i)entrepreneurships SKILLS DEVELOPMENT This department is meant to ensure sustainable technology transfer through; Acquisition of business skills Technology (Business) ownership Income generation.

66 (ii) WOMEN AND TECHNOLOGY This considers; Women s role in running households Women involvement in micro-businesses Sustainability of agro-based business to women undertaking Women constitute 54% of the population in the country.

67 Entrepreneurship Development thru Cottage Industries at KIST

68 Entrepreneurship Development thru Cottage Industries at KIST (Ctd)

69 (iv) STUDENTS COMMUNITY ATTACHMENT The back to where we belong concept The 4 week student community attachment aims at; Demystifying the university as ivory tower concept creation of it is our responsibility ideology preparation of future destiny.

70 CHALLENGES Lack of S & T policy at National Level Lack of trained and experienced personnel Brain Drain Brain in the Drain Training and Research institutions not well developed or supported Low R&D investment Poor access to ICT...

71 CONCLUDING REMARKS Reforms on curricula to reflect local concerns are required To consider technology transfer as obligation HLI should consider themselves as an engine for economic development North-South academic & research partnership should be encouraged

72 Viellen Danke!