Automated Microwave Irrigation for Moisture Leve Control using Airblower System

Transcription

1 Automated Microwave Irrigation for Moisture Leve Control using Airblower System Shubhangi P. Lonagre P.G. Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Government College of Engineering,Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India Devendra. S. Chaudhari Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Government College of Engineering,Jalgaon, Maharashtra Abstract Agriculture has been the most important practice from very beginning of the human civilization. It has seen many iterations of development in technology with time. A good agricultural practice is still an art. Environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, ph, solar radiation,etc. plays very important role in overall development of the plant. Temperature affects many of plant activities such as pollination, germination etc. It is observed that, at higher temperature, respiration rate increases that result in reduction of sugar contents of fruits and vegetables. At lower temperatures photosynthesis activity is slowed down. Humidity is responsible for moisture loss and temperature management of the plant. For high humid environment, evapotransmission will be less and more water will saturated in the leaf area. This results in enlargement and formation of fungus in the porous area of the leaf. Moisture is critical for seed germination and uptake of nutrients by the plant. Excess water may stop gaseous exchange between soil and the atmosphere which reduces root respiration and root growth. Optimum level of moisture ensures healthy growth of the root and overall development of the plant. A sustainable approach is required to maintain balance between these parameters and environment. Hence there is a need of efficient monitoring and control system. In recent engineering advances the convergence of internet, communication and information technologies paves the way for new generation. Currently, distributed wireless sensor network plays significant responsibility in civilizing agricultural production and mitigating the agony of farmers.hence Here system has been developed to maintain balance between this parameter which are corelated.basically system control the moisture level using air blower system and another advancement is that basic need of plant that is O 2 and CO 2 transmission to plant as per requirement. KEYWORDS: Wi-Fi, ph, solar photovoltaic panel, humidity,rain water sensor. ***** 1 Introduction. The newer scenario of decreasing water table drying up of rivers and tanks unpredictable environment present an urgent need of proper utilization of water. System have the technology to bridge the gap between water usage and water wastage. Technology used in some developed countries is too expensive and complicated for a common farmer to understand. Systems motto is to provide reliable, cost efficient and easy to use technology which would help in conservation of resources such as water and also in automatizing farms. System proposed use of temperature and moisture sensor at suitable locations for monitoring of crops. The sensing system is based on a feedback control mechanism with a centralized control unit which regulates the flow of water on to the field in the real time based on the instantaneous temperature and moisture values. The sensor data would be collected in a central processing unit which would take further action. Thus by providing right amount of water we would increase the efficiency of the farm. The farmer can also look at the sensory data and decide course of action himself. System have made the interface of project keeping in view the educational and financial background of average Indian farmer. Irrigation is one of the fundamental problems of agriculture in developing countries. In a country like India, where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climatic conditions are isotropic, still people are not able to make full use of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved. There are many plants sensitive to environmental factors like temperature, humidity, soil moisture and temperature, ph, etc. Development in the technology of sensor such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communications, embedded systems, distributed processing and wireless sensor applications have contributed a large transformation in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) recently. It assists and improves work performance both in the field of industry and our daily life. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used in many areas especially for surveillance and monitoring in agriculture and habitat monitoring. Temperature affects all metabolic functions of a plant. Change in temperature also changes rate of transpiration and rate of photosynthesis. At low temperature photosynthetic activity is slowed down. Temperature range at which all physiological processes go on in plant is approximately C. Water vapour is the gaseous, invisible state of water in the air known as humidity. Like soil moisture, some plants have evolved and acclimated to very dry, arid air with little or no humidity.. Humidity plays a major role in plant growth. It affects transpiration rate and the plant s thermal control mechanisms. Plants breathe through tiny openings on the undersides of their 134

2 leaves called stomata. Plants can (and do) open and close their stomata under certain conditions, for example if heat becomes excessive and causes a plant to start losing more water than it can take up, the plant will close its stomata to slow down the water loss. The ideal humidity range for healthy growth is 50% humidity, plus or minus 10%. Unfortunately, by closing the stomata and slowing evaporation the plant also has slowed down its cooling mechanism. Soil moisture is nothing but the water present in the soil. Response of plant to soil moisture is noticeable in irrigated field than the non-irrigated field. These three condition of soil moisture can be considered. As this parameter are important factor for any plant,hence developed system has worked on this important parameter for which system uses sensors to gathered information and dryer is used for moisture control mechanism also system developed gives new idea for O 2 and CO 2 transmission as per requirement of the plant. 2. Method 2.1. Testing object and material Black cotton soil was used for testing purpose from different types of soil available. System had perform experiment on 4 plant of kundies containing soil with with different moisture level and obtained reading by using experimental model.system was developed by Atmega328 microcontroller with different sensors, Wi-Fi module,air blower system, solenoid valve for supply of Oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 2.2 Procedure In system by considering all the important parameter 2 unit were developed like wireless sensor unit ((WSU ) and wireless information unit (WIU) and combining this 2 unit placed in plastic container.here in system experimental procedure ins given below. 1. Here four plant were used with different kundies and different soil moisture level and obtained different observation on it. 2. The system was powered by solar power or dc power supply of 5V.supply is given to all sensor and pumping system and dryer system 3. Sensor (DHT11) Temperature and Humidity sensor sensed the temperature and humidity sent it to the microcontroller.atmega328 microcontroller receives the value and sent it to the android app that is TCP socket tester 4. Soil moisture sensor senses the moisture in percentage of soil and sent over microcontroller and if soil moisture goes below threshold value and soil becomes dry then pumping system on and if soil moisture value or humidity increases then automatically pumping system becomes OFF. 5. In this system rain was sensed using rain sensor during rain, depending on the soil condition it was made ON and OFF.Then this message sent to the microcontroller. Microcontroller receives that message and sent further to the android mobile app. pumping system also work according to the rain fall.if due to high rain fall humidity and soil moisture increases then pumping system becomes OFF. Also here system is using dryer system.if soils humidity goes on increasing over the threshold value then dryer system becomes ON and it remains ON until the soil comes in ideal state.here we have calculated the time required to the dryer system to dry the soil as want to be in ideal state for require crop, then dryer system turns automatically OFF. 6. As we know for any plant O 2 and CO 2 are prime important parameter,generally plant require CO 2 during day time and O 2 at night (Ref 7). An arrangement was made using solenoid for supply of O 2 and CO Implementation The proposed system has two main units one is field sensor unit and another is field information unit. Field sensor unit transmits the sensors data to the field information unit. Here field information unit receives sensor data from field sensor unit Wireless Field Sensor Unit This section describes about wireless field sensor unit. The Fig Shows the block diagram of a field sensor unit. A field sensor unit contains, AVR micro-controller, Wi- Fi module, different sensors, motor and power supply circuit. Several field sensor units are placed in-field to configure sensor network for the automated irrigation system DHT11 Sensor Soil moisture sensor Rain sensor Fig Block Diagram of Wireless Sensor Unit (WSU) for experimental use 2.3.2Wireless Field Information Unit of system The Fig shows the block diagram of a wireless field information unit. The soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor and water level sensor values from each field sensor unit in formation are send through Wi-Fi module, identified, recorded, and analyzed in the field information unit. The field information unit consists of AVR micro- controller, Wi-Fi module. This processed information that is status of all these sensors is sent to mobile app by using Wi-Fi technology. Atmega328 microcontroller Wi-fi module Solar based battery power Atmega328 microcontroller Wi-fi module Fig Block Diagram of Wireless Information Unit (WIU) of system for experimental use Mobile App/ Relay driver LCD /Moitoring Unit Water pump 135

3 To perform it experimentally this 2 unit placed in Table 3.1.2: Voltage readings of Soil Moisture Sensor closed plastic container,which is placed in kundies for taking at different temperature and moisture the observation.(ref.8) 3. Result and Discussion 3.1 Soil Moisture Sensor Analysis. Soil moisture sensor works on the principal of electrical conductivity.when in dry state there is no conduction path for the current but when moisture starts increasing, more and more current flow through moist soil. When soil is completely wet. it provides very little resistance. This varies temperature across sensor which is then converted into digital form using Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The detailed mathematical analysis is given below Mathematical Analysis at different moisture levels A mathematical analysis provides the standard results provided by the manufacturer of the sensors. In the project soil moisture sensor was self-made containing resistor circuit and electrode manufactured on PCB. The output from moisture sensor is given by, Moisture Content Voltage at different Moisture and Temperature( 0 C) (%) 25 0 C 30 0 C 35 0 C 42 0 C Where, M - Moisture content, in % V SENSOR - Voltage across sensor, in Volts V S - Supply Voltage, in Volts Using this formula, the different values of voltages at different moisture level is calculated. Table : Mathematical Analysis based Moisture Sensor Response Moisture Voltage across Level (%) Sensor (V) Experimental performance analysis at different moisture levels Soil moisture means presence of water content in the soil. It is very crucial parameter for plant growth as it directly affects water intake of plant through roots. The soil moisture sensor used in this project is self-made based on the principle of electrical conductivity. It consists of resistor circuit and two electrodes fabricated using PCB. For analysis purpose it was inserted at depth of one foot near the root zone. It was tested at different temperatures of 15, 20, 35 and 42 0 C to analysis its behavior at different temperatures and shown in table Overall analysis of sensor calibration at different temperature is shown in Figure Hence from the graph it is shown that we have taken the different voltage reading at different temperature and moisture levels.here different temperature reading are shown with different colours like blue -25,red -30,green-35,voilet-42 0 C Figure 3.1.1: Soil Moisture Sensor Response at Temperatures Different Comparative Analysis of Mathematical and Experimental Model Self-made moisture sensor was analyzed experimentally and mathematically with the proper conversion provided to it. The comparison was made on the basis of the results obtained in experimental model and the mathematical analysis. The moisture sensor was tested at various temperature at 25, 30, 35 and 42 0 C. 136

4 Moisture % International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: No.of reading Figure Comparative Analysis of Mathematical and Experimental Model It was then compared with its mathematical analysis finding that soil moisture sensor worked well around temperature 35 0 C whereas in other cases it has deviated from the desired results. As the temperature increases it provides slightly higher voltages as compared to mathematical analysis. There was very less difference in the mathematical and experimental values. The developed system was tested for experimental and mathematical model. Analysis was done using both the model at different environmental conditions. It was found that there was slight difference in results for experimental conditions especially due to temperature variations. Temperature variation affects all the electronics devices. As temperature increases, conductivity inside electronic devices also increases results in higher voltage ranges. 3.2 Moisture control mechanism for soil using Dryer Suppose sometime in rainy season due to more water consumption humidity goes on increasing of soil hence there may be possibility of fungus formation hence there is requirement of drying system to soil. for that purpose we have used here dryer system which can directly turn ON when humidity increase after some set threshold value of 40 and OFF when humidity comes on require % level. Here system has the threshold value 40% humidity then as the %humidity increases dryer ON time required is also goes on increasing.hence dryer ON time means the time required to reach the humidity at the set threshold value. Table Dryer ON time for the plant soil to reach at threshold value Sr. No. Humidity % Dryer ON time(s) Graphical representation is shown as follows which shows the relation between percent moisture and reading had obtained Humidity (%) Dryer ON time(s) required to come on threshold value Fig Dryer ON time analysis for the plant soil to reach at threshold value Hence we had successfully perform this idea which shows different analysis by different digital sensors and main new idea is that air blower system for plant if large amount of rain occurs to maintain soil moisture level so that fungus formation get stop.here experimental reading shows that time requirement is more as water level of increases means shows linear relation As systems single node consist of microcontroller, Wi-Fi module, sensors,power supply unit etc. and all this runs under 5 V dc supply.hence it require different current values for it. From this table controller and Wi-Fi unit require more power and total power require is 50 mille watt per hour. Also we had successfully perform the O 2 and CO 2 transmission as per plant requirement using LDR circuit In light of all above discussion it can be concluded that automatic irrigation system using wireless technology provided efficient system capable of conserving resources and human effort. It also facilitates real-time remote monitoring of the current environmental condition of field Modern technology. The electronic systems so design require less power efficient. Hence consumes very less power and rely on secondary sources such solar energy for functioning. References [1] P.Revathi, C.Rajasekaran, Energy Efficient Wireless Monitoring System for Agarian Areas Indian Agricultural System using GPRS module Paper was peerreviewed and accepted to be presented at the IEEE ICCSP 2015 conference [2] Mohammad. M. Alwakeel Sensors And Sensor Network Applications Journal of theoretical and applied information technology,20 th December Vol.82. No.2 [3] Sirisha D, B Venkateswaramma, M Srikanth and Anil Babu Wireless Sensor Based Remote Controlled Agriculture Monitoring System Using ZigBee SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) volume 2 Issue 4 April 2015 [4] Raghunandan.G.H, Akshata.A.K, Hemika.C.S. Performance Analysis of Different WSN Based Systems in Precision Farming International journal of Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 07 Issue: 05 Pages: (2016) ISSN:

5 [5] Andres Gomez, Michele Magno, Marie Francine Lagadec, Luca Benini Precise, Energy-Efficient Data Acquisition Architecture for Monitoring Radioactivity using Self- Sustainable Wireless Sensor Nodes Integrated Systems Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland DOI /JSEN , IEEE Sensors [6] G.V.Satyanarayana,S.D.Mazaruddin Wireless Sensor Based Remote Monitoring System for Agriculture Using ZigBee and GPS Conference on Advances in Communication and Control Systems 2013 (CAC2S 2013). [7] Soltani, Mahmoud; Alimardani, Reza; Mobli, Hossein and Mohtasebi, Seyed Saeid (2015) "Modified Atmosphere Packaging: A Progressive Technology for Shelf-Life Extension of Fruits and Vegetables," Journal of Applied Packaging Research: Vol. 7: No. 3, Article 2. Available at [8] Lonagre.shubhangi. Energy efficient wireless monitoring system for automated agriculture irrigation M.tech thesis,government College of Engineering Jalgaon Maharashtra,