SOLID WASTE IN DA NANG CITY

Transcription

1 Asia Pacific Workshop on Integrated Solid Waste Management April 2012 Osaka, Japan SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DA NANG CITY Report by: Pham Thi Nguyet Nga Department of International Cooperation and Science, Technology Vietnam Environment Administration

2 CONTENTS I. Introduction of Da Nang city II. Solid waste characterization and quantification in Da Nang III. Current management system IV. Challenges

3 Map of Da Nang

4 I. INTRODUCTION OF DA NANG CITY Location: in the central of Vietnam, 759km from Hanoi and 960km from Ho Chi Minh City. Lying on the north-south communications axis of land route (National Road 1A) Climate: in a typical tropical monsoon zone with high temperature and equable climate; annual average temperature is 25.90C GDP: billion VND (2010) Have Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) rank at top of Vietnam in 2008, 2009 and 2010 The economic structure continues to shift towards services - industry - agriculture. The proportion of service sector in GDP in 2009 reached 50.5%, industry - construction reached 46.5% and agriculture 3%.

5 II. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN DA NANG 1. Waste generation and collection Solid waste generated on average 612 tons/day; or 0.68 kg/person/day. The average amount of waste collected is of 574 tons/day. The city s collection rate reaches 85% - 89%, increasing year on year. In downtown, the collection rate can reach 95% Waste collected from beaches, tourist sites: 5,200 tons/year

6 II. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN DA NANG (cont.) 2. Domestic solid waste

7 II. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN DA NANG (cont.) The waste composition: mainly organics (74.65%) and high humidity

8 II. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN DA NANG (cont.) 3. Industrial waste Da Nang has 4,763 industrial establishments (2009), of which 231 enterprises operates in 06 industrial zones and 01 industrial cluster, the remaining are interspersed in residential areas. Industrial waste: about 6-7% of the city's total waste, in which a big amount comes from fishery processing sector But only about 50% of businesses have contracts with URENCO for collection and treatment, the remaining dump the waste themselves inside the business campus or discharge to the environment Lack of adequate inventory for hazardous industrial waste

9 II. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION IN DA NANG (cont.) 4. Medical waste Da Nang had 80 medical facilities and nearly 600 pharmaceutical dealers. The total number of patient beds was 3,819 beds (2009) Estimatedly, there is > 1 ton of medical hazardous waste generated per day. According to a survey of the health sector, the total amount of hazardous waste generated by 18 large hospitals in the city reaches kg/day,

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11 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1. Policies and plans for SWM in Da Nang city DN has a plan for developing Da Nang to become a model environmental city in Vietnam by 2020 ISWM plan has not yet been prepared in Da Nang SWM policies for various aspects: Waste classification, Collection and Storage, Transportation and transfer stations, Landfill, incinerator, recycling

12 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) Key policies: National policies Decree No. of the Govt. on solid waste management Decree No. 174/2007 of Govt. on environmental protection charges on solid waste Circular No. 12/2011 of MONRE stipulating regulations of hazardous waste management Decision No. 43/2007 of MOH on Regulation of medical waste management. Decision No. 1440/2008 of PM approving the planning of solid waste treatment areas in three centered economic regions of the North, Central and South of Vietnam till 2020 Circular No. 08/2009 of MONRE providing for the environmental management and protection of economic zones, hi-tech parks, industrial parks and industrial complexes National strategy on integrated solid waste management till 2025 and vision towards 2050

13 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) Provincial policies Decision No. 3903/QD-UB of Da Nang People s Committee promulgating regulations on solid waste management in Da Nang city. Decision 23/2010/QD-UBND dated 10/8/2010 promulgating regulations on environmental protection in Da Nang city Regulations on the management, allocation and payment of urban environmental sanitation services in the form of ordering issued along with Decision No. 166/2004/QD-UB dated 14/10/2004 of Da Nang People s Committee

14 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) 2. Institutional arrangement Da Nang People s Committee Department of Natural Resources and Environment Department of Construction Responsible for pollution control and allocation of budget for waste control and treatment activities Environmental management as a whole; SWM, waste recovery and recycling;monitoring performance of waste generators and other treatment units; Planning and invest in waste gathering points, transfer stations, solid waste treatment areas, and landfills in the city Department of Health Direct, inspect, and supervise the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of medical waste, radioactive waste in medical units in the city Da Nang Urban Environment Company (URENCO) Informal scavengers and recyclers Provide services of collecting and transporting municipal waste, industrial waste and medical waste, etc.; sweeping streets, collecting scraps, constructing and operating waste treatment works Participate in collecting and reducing waste. They are vulnerable to health risks caused by pollution

15 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) 3. Financial mechanism Da Nang city spends 98b VND through Da Nang URENCO a biggest environment company in Da Nang to collect, transport and handle solid waste released throughout Da Nang city, including 3 main categories: The State pay 50.8b VND for environmental sanitation. The people and organizations pay 34.88b VND for sanitation fee. Service business pay 13.25b

16 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) The total revenue for SW treatment in Khanh Son landfill in 2011 approved is billion. Besides, URENCO has its own revenue for hazardous and industrial waste treatment, which is estimated to reach 5 billion VND in 2010 and 8 billion VND in 2011.

17 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) 4. Technologies and infrastructure for SWM in Da Nang a. Collection and transportation - 2 collection methods: + collected by 240 liter and 660 liter trash bins and loaded to transfer stations + collected directly by collection vehicles - There are 11 transfer stations, located in the center of city, so they usually face opposition from the public due to odour, noise, Da Nang PC considering to reform this sys. Big sized bin garbage bin Specialized vehicles

18 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) b. Treatment - No pre-treatment plant - The only option to treat MSW is landfilling (Khanh Son sanitary landfill) - For medical waste: Da Nang has 7 medical waste incinerators, most of them made in Japan (Source: DOH). concerns for residents living nearby hospitals due to air pollution and risk of hazardous emission from Jan. 2009, Da Nang PC required all hospitals to collect medical waste to be transported and treated by medical waste incinerator at the Khanh Son landfill. - Normal industrial waste is treated by sanitary landfill. Some hazardous industrial waste is incinerated with medical waste in the same incinerator Medical and industrial solid waste incinerator

19 III. CURRENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (cont.) -Recycling: an active role of private sector: scavengers and small recyclers - Most of waste recycling facilities are privatelyowned. The facilities are still poor and backward; outdated technologies - The rate of waste recovery and reuse now is from 5 7%.

20 IV. CHALLENGES - Lack an ISWM master plan - Waste is not separated at source - Collection service in rural areas is not efficient - Lack a proper strategy for waste reduction and recycling - Environmental problems at 11 transfer stations - Participation from private companies on SWM services is limited due to shortage of budget in this private sector

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