Simple, Environmentally Friendly, and Economical Methods to Maximize the Reuse of Produced Water for Frac Operations

Transcription

1 Simple, Environmentally Friendly, and Economical Methods to Maximize the Reuse of Produced Water for Frac Operations Barry Donaldson - TETRA Technologies

2 Agenda Challenges Oilfield Water Cycle Water Infrastructure & Treatment Planning Controlled Water Blending Case Study Conclusion

3 Challenges 2000 to 2014 Production and Use Trends* Number of Well Stimulated Grew 49K to 600K Stimulated Wells Accounted for 66% of Gas and 50% of Oil Production 90% of new US wells are hydraulically stimulated Water volumes for horizontal wells increased from 177K gallons/well to over 4M gallons/well Produced Water amounts to about $60M/day *EIA and DOE Info

4 Water Management Cycle Storage Transfer Truck Treatment Filtration Stimulate Source Produced Water Disposal 4

5 Water Management Cycle Produced Water Reuse Benefits Transfer Truck Source Storage Disposal Treatment Filtration Produced Water Stimulate Reduced fresh water for operations Reduced disposal of produced water Reduced truck traffic for transport and disposal, resulting in lower cost and less HSE exposure Improved community relations due to less impact on environment through reduced dust, noise, and emissions Lower Overall Cost 5

6 Infrastructure Planning Estimated produced water volumes over the life of the field Estimated frac water volumes required during the completion phase Stimulation Fluid Types Water quality types and treatment required Central gathering and storage facility to support the operation Water treatment strategy Permian Infrastructure 1. Fresh Water Storage 2. Produced Water Trunk Lines System 3. Produced Water Treatment and Gathering 4. Produced Water Storage and Blending 5. Frac Locations

7 Treat Water for Frac Reuse Water Treatment Solutions Removal of residual hydrocarbon Removal of suspended solids Partial removal of soluble minerals Bacteria Control Blending Fresh/Saline/Waste can minimize treatment costs

8 Water Treatment Objectives Deliver a clean frac fluid down hole Bacteria, scale and corrosion free Compatibility with other frac chemicals Environmentally friendly Quick acting, Quick degrading Real time monitoring and validation of performance Make feed rate adjustments on the fly Blending and transfer go hand-in-hand Any treatment depends on having a continuous homogeneous water to treat Cost effective and safe Page 8

9 Blending Types Batch Process (Known Volumes to Storage) Not Real Time Results in the stratification of the fluid in the tank or pit Volumetric Mixing (Mix Known Volumes Turbulently) Real Time Water Variations Not Controlled Parameter Controlled (Controlled Input and Output) Real Time Input and Output Water Quality Measured Volumes Adjusted Real Time

10 Blending Consistency Batch and Volumetric Mixing No Change for input Water Quality Variable Output Quality Parameter Controlled Adjusts for Water Quality Consistent output

11 Blending Study Initial Parameters set at 25% produced water ratio Raised progressively to over 55% produced water blend Chlorides Output Proxy Maintained at 24,000 ppm throughout job Frac Fluid Performance remained consistent throughout first completion pad 11

12 Results Doubled produced water usage to over 55% No impact on stimulation jobs Decreased fresh water used by 600,000 bbls Savings of $1.5M in water sourcing and disposal costs Savings of $15K-$20K per frac event by selling oil recovered from produced water 12

13 Conclusions Conserves fresh water by blending reclaimed produced water sources with fresh water Provides an optimal fracturing fluid real time that meets water quality specifications Consistent fluid minimizes impact on frac, providing cost savings Compatible with all water treatment solutions 13

14 Questions? Barry Donaldson VP Sales and Marketing

15 Appendix

16 Job Planning Questions What volume will be treated? Number and size of tanks holding the water (and connections)? What are the sources of this water? Are all the tanks the same water source and specs? What are in input specs of the water, current analysis of water? (TSS, ph, Cations see specs below as examples) What output specs are required? Solids Oil/Hydrocarbons ph Corrosion Control Bacteria Cations of Concern What are treatment rates preferred/required?

17 Long Term Planning Questions What frac type will they be using? Slickwater, linear gel, crosslinked gel, hybrid? How much completion work are they planning in the future? How many rigs? How many frac crews? Multi-pad wells? Wells per Pad? Average Frac volume per well? Average daily use of water per pad? Typical # of stages/ well? Wells per month? How many days will the produced water sit in tankage or in a pit after treatment and prior to reuse? What are the expected treatment rates (BPD) of flow-back and produced water? Where will the treatment be added? What type is preferred? How will you measure success or failure? What monitoring and performance criteria will be expected? What water quality spec s will be needed for each frac type? What are the maximum quantities of contaminants? What contaminants do you think will pose the biggest issues? Does the treatment need to be mobile? If so, how often does it need to be moved? Time between fracs? Are there chemical analyses available for each of the water sources? We will need to collect samples of the flowback, produced water and brackish water for complete water analysis and lab pilot testing What sources of water are you planning to use? In what ratio s? What is the expected bottom hole temperature and pressure? What frac rate (bbl/min) expected? What does the water management process and infrastructure look like? Block flow diagram? Water volumes? Transfer methods? Storage type and volumes?