Waste-to-Energy Experience: The Case of Singapore

Transcription

1 Eighth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific Waste-to-Energy Experience: The Case of Singapore Ong Soo San Director Waste & Resource Management Department National Environment Agency Singapore

2 Outline 1. Background and Singapore s Waste Management Story 2. Solid waste management in Singapore Key considerations for policy formulation / infrastructure development Waste management strategies 3. Development and management of WTE Infrastructure 2

3 1 BACKGROUND 3

4 Introducing Singapore Country and a City-State Small Land Area km 2 Dense Urban Setting 5.61 mil population Limited Natural Resources 4

5 From Past to Present From Transformation Direct landfilling Of living conditions From and 1st waste-to-energy refuse collectionplant Ulu Pandan (1979) Chinatown Transformation Choa Chu Kang of the From Singapore illegal River street hawkers Lorong Halus to al fresco Lim Chu Kang to Offshore landfill Tuas (1986) Senoko (1992) Tuas South (2000) Keppel Seghers (2009) 5

6 Vision for Waste-to-Resource Management A Vibrant & Sustainable City Towards A Zero Waste Nation Put in place infrastructure and programmes for the 3Rs Keep Singapore clean and resource efficient Sustainable Singapore Blueprint % recycling rate by

7 2SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SINGAPORE KEY CONSIDERATIONS & STRATEGIES 7

8 Overview of Solid Waste Management System Consumers Total Waste Generated 21,107 t/d Collection Non-Incinerable Waste 616 t/d 3% Landfill Commercial & Retail Residential Recyclable Waste 12,664 t/d 60% Total Recycled Waste 12,943 t/d 61% Metals Recovered 279 t/d Incinerable Waste 7,827 t/d 37% Ash 1,531 t/d Factories & Industries Producers Recycling Electricity 2,565 MWh/d Waste-to-Energy 2017 figures 8

9 Waste & Resource Mgmt Challenges Waste Growth and Land Scarcity Rapid increase in waste generation with population & economic growth Increasing land scarcity for new waste infrastructure developments Index GDP Current Population: 5.61 mil Population Waste Disposal 8,443 tons/day (2017) 1,200 tons/day (1970) Year At this rate of waste growth But New waste-to-energy 7-10 years Current landfill will be filled by ~2035 New offshore landfill every years Limited land Area: 719 km 2 9

10 Waste & Resource Mgmt Waste Management Strategies Waste Minimisation/ Prevention Right-price waste disposal services Promote efficient use of resources Recycling Maximise resource recovery from waste Adopt viable & efficient recycling methods for environmental sustainability Towards a Zero Waste Nation Waste-to-Energy/ Volume Reduction Adopt innovative technology to maximise energy recovery, and minimise land-take & ash residue Landfill Minimise landfilling demand and maximise landfill lifespan 10

11 3 DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WTE INFRASTRUCTURE 11

12 Waste-to-Energy Plants Waste-to-Energy Facilities in Singapore Senoko WtE Plant (PPP contract) Keppel Seghers Tuas (PPP contract) TuasOne WtE Plant (PPP contract) Ulu Pandan WtE Plant (Decommissioned in 2009) Tuas WtE Plant Tuas South WtE Plant

13 PPP Approach: Waste-to-Energy Industry Capitalise on private sector expertise, resources and innovation Value for Money proposal - financial discipline & cost-effective solutions PPP model: DBOO with a full take-or-pay approach Government purchase incineration services from Special Purpose Companies (SPC) formed by WtE IP Developer PPP structure: NEA as regulator will: Long-term take-or-pay Incineration Services Agreement (ISA) Set and collect gate fee and electricity revenue to fund the service payments NEA pay SPC for: 1. Availability of incineration capacity; 2. Actual amount of waste incinerated; and 3. Generation of electricity.

14 6th Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Plant - Under Construction Key information TuasOne WTE Plant DBOO PPP contract for 25 years Expected operation date: 24 May ,600 tonnes/day of domestic & industrial solid waste Preliminary concept of 6 th WTE Plant 1. Minimise Land Footprint 750 tonnes/day/hectare Most compact plant in the world 2. Maximise Energy Recovery Generate 120MW of electricity Net energy efficiency of 25 % 3. Minimise Residue to Landfill Waste volume reduction > 90% Recovery of ferrous metals from bottom ash

15 I N T E G R A T E D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T F A C I L I T Y Integrated Waste Management Facility (IWMF) - Waste-Water-Energy Nexus (Future Development) IWMF will have treatment processes for incinerable waste, household recyclables, food waste and dewatered sludge from Tuas Water Reclamation Plant (Tuas WRP). Design objectives Maximise energy and resource recovery Materials Recovery Facility Food Waste Treatment Facility Sludge Incineration Facility Minimise environmental impact Optimise land use Optimise process synergies with Tuas WRP Waste-To-Energy Facility IWMF Tuas WRP

16 S Y N E R G I E S B E T W E E N T U A S W R P & I W M F DTSS Phase 2 Project July 2016 Co-location Synergies between Tuas WRP and IWMF IWMF Tuas WRP Dewatered Sludge Food waste Biogas Power supply Water supply Steam supply Physical Synergies include the Administration Building and Site-wide infrastructure on site 16

17 Semakau Landfill Maximise Lifespan of Semakau Landfill Lack of sea space to expand the size of Singapore s only landfill Improve quality of incineration ash to increase possibility of ash application Increase resource recovery to extend the lifespan of Semakau Landfill 17

18 Conclusion Vision: A zero waste nation A vibrant and sustainable Singapore 21,107 tonnes 8,443 tonnes 2,147 tonnes Towards Waste Generated Waste Disposed of Waste Landfilled Zero Waste

19 Safeguard Nurture Cherish 19