The IEA PVPS Task 14 High penetration PV in Electricity Grids

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1 The IEA PVPS Task 14 High penetration PV in Electricity Grids Roland Bründlinger and Christoph Mayr AIT Austrian Institute of Technology 2014 Kyoto, Japan November 25, 2014

2 Outline Challenges of PV integration Overview IEA PVPS Task 14 Results and publications Summary and outlook

3 (Quelle: EPIA-Global Market Outlook 2013), 2012 figures IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY High Penetration of PV in Electricity Grids A global trend End 2013: Estimated >130 GW installed worldwide (+35% from 2012) (EPIA) PV penetration levels growing worldwide DEU ~36 GW CHN ~19 GW (+11 in 2013!) ITA ~17 GW JAP ~14 GW (+7 in 2013) USA ~13 GW

4 Task 14: Overall objectives of this international collaboration Promote the use of grid connected PV as an important source in electric power systems also on a high penetration level where additional efforts may be necessary to integrate the dispersed generators in an optimum manner. Develop and verify mainly technical requirements for PV and electric power systems to allow for high penetrations of PV systems interconnected with the grid Discuss the active role of PV systems related to energy management and system control of electricity grids Reduce the technical barriers to achieve high penetration levels of distributed renewable energy systems on the electric power system

5 Task 14: Overall objectives of this international collaboration Discuss the market implications of technical solutions for the integration of PV at high penetration levels Discuss and develop new solutions for operation and grid planning for High PV Penetration scenarios Re-think existing rules-of-thumb and practices with respect to their validity with high-penetration PV Discuss the opportunities for PV to provide advanced grid support services for local as well as system wide use. Discuss the possible role of PV in a future Smart Grid

6 IEA PVPS Task 14: Networks 16 Countries European commission 1 Association Experts from Utilities, DNOs Industry, manufacturers, consultancies Applied research Universities Agencies

7 IEA PVPS Task 14: Outcomes Support PV integration on high penetration levels by access to more transparent technical analyses guidelines and best practices for industry, network operators, energy planners as well as authorities in the energy business comprehensive international studies for high penetration PV Develop key methodologies for large scale PV integration PV Power Forecast Active management and control of grid integrated PV Grid interconnection studies and planning Technical standards and interconnection requirements Active dissemination of objective and neutral high-quality information Task 14 Reports Task 14 Workshops National information networks of Task 14 members

8 Source: Jan Remund, Meteotest IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY Grid integration of PV PV forecast and PV power prediction tools Worldwide survey covering 3 regions: USA, Europe and Japan Source Location of validation Time step and forecast time Uncertainty % of persistence Uncertainty RMSE (relative or absolute) DLR (DE) Southern Spain 1 h, day 1 DNI: 50 64% rmse CanmetENERGY (CAN) Canada, USA 1 h, day % JWA (JP) Japan 30 Min, 1h. 140 W/m 2 MeteoSwiss (CH) Switzerland Univ. Oldenburg / Meteocontrol (DE) Switzerland Southern Spain 1 h, day 1 65% 61% 2 42 % rmse 21 % rmse Canada, Spain 57% 2 Univ. Jaen (ES) Southern Spain 1 h, day 1 72% 2 DTU IMM (DK) Denmark 68% 2 AIST / Waseda (JP) Japan 1 h, day W/m 2 Univ. GIFU (JP) Gifu 1 h 64% rmse UCSD (USA) San Diego, 4 days 30 sec. 5 min. 50% 75% Bluesky Wetteranalyse (A) Switzerland 1 h, day 1 65% 2 Irsolav (ES) Spain 1 h, day % rmse Meteotest (CH) Switzerland 1 h, day 1 72% % rmse Weather Analytics (USA) Photovoltaics and Solar Forecasting State of Art

9 USA3 IEA INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY PV generation in correlation with energy demand CHE DK CHE DK GER PRT GER PRT Basis integration Integration with DSM Integration with storage Integration with DSM and storage USA1 USA2 USA1 USA2 USA3

10 PV generation in correlation with energy demand PV variability models Characterize temporal fluctuations in relation to local weather conditions according to the topology of the PV plants analysis of PV variability characterization and prediction models Application of the relevant variability models identified in existing international studies Dispersion Factor Model (DFM) is demonstrated in six different regions Definition of standards to analyze variability of large PV systems Report Characterization the spatio-temporal variations of solar radiation and PV

11 High PV penetration in distribution grids Distribution integration case studies from 11 countries highlighting practices and solutions in different countries Australia Austria Belgium China Germany Greece Italy Japan Spain Switzerland Unites States of America Transition path from uni to bi-directional distribution grids Report: Transition from uni directional to bi directional distribution grids Source: E.on Bayern/Fraunhofer IWES Source: SMUD/NREL

12 Power System Operation Planning with PV Integration Overall power system studies of 10 countries Japan, USA, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Australia, China Major issues of increasing PV penetration at transmission level is the demand supply balancing due to an increased variability of PV and other variable renewable generation due to decreased flexibility of the traditional generation fleetness. Source: NREL Source: Y.M. Saint Drenan/Fraunhofer IWES

13 Smart Inverters for High-Pen PV Worldwide collection and review of requirements for PV inverters and grid connection Functional requirements Protection Control Safety Focus: specific requirements for grid support by PV Compatibility of requirements with High- Pen PV

14 High Penetration of PV in Electricity Grids Summary and key conclusions Increasing penetration levels of PV (and RES) present challenges on the overall power system as well as on the local levels PVPS Task 14 shows, that solutions for integrating PV on high penetration levels are available, they still need to be implemented in an appropriate way Task 14 supports PV integration on high penetration levels access to more transparent technical analyses guidelines and best practices for industry, network operators, energy planners as well as authorities in the energy business comprehensive international studies for high penetration PV Active dissemination of successful experiences and examples of High Penetration PV

15 Thank you! All reports and workshop presentations can be found on For any further questions contact: Roland Bründlinger & Christoph Mayr Operating Agents IEA PVPS Task 14 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna, Austria