Effective PFAS Removal with Single-Use Selective Ion Exchange Resin

Transcription

1 Effective PFAS Removal with Single-Use Selective Ion Exchange Resin Ted Begg Director East Coast Sales Francis Boodoo Director of Applied Technologies Joe Klimek Northeast Sales Manager Jord Yniguez Applications Engineer NY AWWA Tift Symposium Harrison NY 20Sept2018

2 Topics Ion Exchange, Drinking Water & PFAS Simple Operation for Single-Use Selective Resin Short & Long Chain Removal Results CAPEX & OPEX System Modeling & Design 2

3 1 MGD TOC Removal for DBP Control- Dare County, NC 3

4 2 MGD Arsenic Removal - Green Valley, Arizona 4

5 4.2 MGD TOC Removal for DBP Control- Green Meadow, Florida 5

6 11 MGD Perchlorate Removal- San Gabriel Valley Water, Calif. 6

7 60 MGD (42000 gpm) Nitrate Removal Dublin, OH World s largest nitrate removal plant with 13,000 ft3 of Purolite A520E resin 7

8 Sources of Perfluoro- and Polyfluoro-alkyl substances (PFAS) 8

9 Categories of PFAS (> 3,000 Perfluoroalkyl Substances) Perfluorinated Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids (PFCAs) Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acids (PFSAs) PFAS Flurotelomer Alcohols (FTOHs) Polyfluorinated N-alkylated fluorooctane sulfonamides (FOSAs) N-alkylated sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs) Source: ITRC Perfluorinated Chemicals Information Paper, August

10 Pump & Treat Options for PFAS Removal Membrane Filtration Carbon Adsorption ECT2 Methanol/Brine Regenerable Resin Single-Use Resin 10

11 Single-Use Selective Resin + Incineration PFAS in water ND or < 70 ppt PFAS Cement Kiln Incineration 1400 o C to 2000 o C Very Short EBCTs 1.5 to 3 mins /vessel Operator Preferred. Complete Destruction of PFAS 11

12 Superior Dual Removal Mechanisms for IX vs GAC PFOS Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic Acid Hydrophobic Tail Ionized Head) Sulfonic group GAC removes by adsorption using hydrophobic Tail Selective IX Resins removes by both ion exchange and adsorption using both Head & Tail 12

13 Successes with Selective Single-Use Resin PFA694E Inlet PFAS ppt Site Year Type PFAS Reduced Capacity 1,200,000 Military, NC 20,000 Military, PA 2017 Non potable 2017 Potable 1,500 City Potable 140 City Potable PFOS + PFOA PFOS PFOA PFNA PFOS PFOA PFNA PFOS PFOA PFHxA PFBS PFHxS PFHpA PFBS PFHxS PFHpA PFBS PFHxS PFHpA 1 MM Gal to < 70 ppt > 20 mths at ND* > 24 mths to ND* 300,000 BV > 18 mths to ND* 430,000 BV BV = Bed Volumes = Liters of water treated by 1 liter of resin * Still running ND varies from 1 to 2 ppt 13

14 City 1 Reducing Short & Long Chain PFAS to Non-Detect with PFA694E Selective Resin

15 Well Water Used for Piloting Well Water Concentration - ppt MDL ppt PFOA 234 Long chain PFOS 648 Long chain PFBS 33 Short chain PFHxA 141 Short chain PFHpA 52 Short chain PFHxS 316 Long chain PFNA 10 Long chain Total 1434 Expected VOCs in the stripper effluent < 500 ppt Residual VOCs - significant competition with PFAS on GAC Competing Contaminants ppt TOC 730,000 VOCs (TCE, PCE, CCl4) 230,000 15

16 City 1 3 Pilots (1) Coconut Shell GAC > Resin (2) Resin Only (3) Layered Bituminous-GAC / Resin Well Water Air Stripper Coconut shell GAC 13.6 minutes total contact time PFA694E Polisher Resin 1.5 minutes contact time PFA694E Resin Only 2 to 3 min contact time Bituminous GAC Layered on PFA694E Resin 6 & 1.5 minutes contact time resp. 16

17 Coconut Shell GAC Full Scale -2016; Bituminous F400 Pilot 2017 Total 13.6 min EBCT ppt PFOS + PFOA Bituminous F400 GAC vs Coconut Shell GAC 13.6 mins. EBCT Inlet PFOS + PFOA 880 ppt BV to break from ND: Pilot in gpm Well Water Bituminous F400 GAC Air Strippe r 2 x 136 ft3 Coconut Shell GAC 50 Full Scale 2016 Coconut Shell GAC Bed Volumes 17

18 PFA694E Selective Resin vs GAC Inlet water: PFOA 234 ppt PFOS 648 ppt PFOA + PFOS 882 ppt ppt PFOS + PFOA PFA694E Resin vs Coconut Shell & Bituminous F400 GAC Coconut Shell GAC 13.6 minutes EBCT 8,500 BV Bituminous F400 GAC 13.6 minutes EBCT, 18,000 BV Purolite PFA694E Resin 2 to 3 minutes EBCT ~ 600 days (285,000 BV) 0 50, , , , , , , ,000 Liters of water treated by 1 liter of resin or GAC Inlet 882 ppt EPA 70 ppt 18

19 Remove 6 Short & Long Chain PFAS with PFA694E Resin Only PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS to <= 5 ppt each % Breakthrough in treated water City 1 Liters of Water Treated by 1 liter of PFA694E Resin Design Treatment System for 270,000 Bed Volumes 19

20 City 2 Reducing Short & Long Chain PFAS to Non-Detect with Bituminous GAC + PFA694E Resin

21 GAC 1 GAC 2 PFA694E resin Flow of water Suspended Solids Filter Photo courtesy Altair Equipment Well 10 21

22 Temporary Treatment System Layout for City 2 Well 10 Inlet Water: Total 5.6 min For B-GAC mid-pt. 2.8 min. Effluent PFOS 55 ppt PFOA 27 ppt PFBS 8.4 ppt PFHxA 9.6 ppt PFHpA 4.7 ppt PFHxS 36 ppt Total PFAS 140 ppt Well Water 50 gpm Solids Filter Total 40 ft3 Bituminous GAC 3-ft diameter 20 ft3 PFA694E selective resin 3-ft diameter Note: Going forward, the township plans to convert 3 wells using GAC to ion exchange only 22

23 PFOS + PFOA Removal Inlet Water Inlet water PFOS + PFOA ppt ND varies from 0.6 to 2 ppt dependent on specific PFAS Well 10 23

24 PFOS + PFOA Removal Bituminous GAC Inlet water PFOS + PFOA ppt GAC 1 ND 2.5 ppt Reporting Level Well 10 24

25 PFOS + PFOA Removal Bituminous GAC Inlet water PFOS + PFOA ppt GAC 1 GAC 2 ND 2.5 ppt Reporting Level B-GAC at 17,000 BV to reach MRL of 2.5 ppt at 5.6 mins EBCT Well 10 25

26 PFOS + PFOA Removal In service for 570 days (456,000 BV) Inlet water PFOS + PFOA ppt GAC 1 & 2 PFA694E resin ND 2.5 ppt Reporting Level 1 liter resin treats > 456,000 liters of water to ND Well 10 26

27 Inlet Water: PFOS 55 ppt PFOA 27 ppt PFBS 8.4 ppt PFHxA 9.6 ppt PFHpA 4.7 ppt PFHxS 36 ppt Total PFAS Removal (PFBS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFOS) Inlet water Total PFAS ppt GAC 2 PFA694E resin Well 10 27

28 City 2: PFA694E Resin Reduces 5 Short & Long Chain PFAS to ND for over >347,000 Bed Volumes Liters of water treated by 1 liter of resin 28

29 Short Chain PFBS Removal 570 Days 456,000 BV to ND 29

30 Cost Comparison: Resin vs GAC 30

31 Benefits of Single-Use Selective Resin Simple, field-proven > 99.99% reduction to ND Lower CAPEX ~ ½ of GAC 50% lower footprint /headspace Minimal operation attention Short & long chain PFAS Compact 3 vs 10 min. EBCT Good for limited space Long lasting (typical 200,000 to 400,000 BV) 1-2 yr life, reduced testing $ Competitive OPEX ~ $0.15 to $0.40 /1000 gal. 31

32 Total Cost $ /1000 gals Capital + Operating Cost gpm system $ / 1000 Gallons PFA694E resin GAC $0.33 /1000 gals $ 0.60 / 1000 gals Extract/Refill/Truck/Incineration GAC or Resin Operating Cost Eqpt. Purchase & Instal PFA694E at 200,000 BV GAC at 25,000 BV Treatment to < 70 ppt of combined PFOS + PFOA 32

33 Design for Single-Use Ion Exchange Resin System

34 Design Using Lead - Lag Vessels with Single-Use PFA694E Resin Bag Filter 10 µm EBCT: 1.5 to 3 minutes per Vessel sample Linear Velocity 6 to 12 gpm/ft2 of bed area 15 to 30 m/h Linear Velocity 6 to 12 gpm/ft2 of bed area 15 to 30 m/h RESIN 36 to 60 inches (1 to 1.5 m) RESIN Resin to incinerator sample sample 34

35 Use Simulation to Determine Number of Vessels Needed to Achieve Either 70 ppt or Non-Detect (ND) 35

36 Thank You!

37 Capital Cost Example gpm System (262,800,000 gals/year) Parameter PFA694E Resin GAC Operation Mode LEAD >> LAG LEAD >> LAG Vessel Diameter - feet 8 12 Linear Velocity gpm/ft 2 Recommended: 2 to 6 for GAC; 6 to 12 for Resin Bed Depth feet 4 8 Cubic Feet of media per vessel EBCT minutes (per vessel) Capital Cost for lead-lag pair of vessels $298,000 $678,000 Amort. for 20 years - $/year $17,000 $40,000 CAPEX $1000 gallons water treated GAC requires 80% more footprint, 50% more head space GAC requires special backwash storage tank and bigger pumps which are not considered above 37

38 Treatment Cost $ /1000 gals 500 gpm (262,800,000 gals/year) Resin Inlet ~900 ppt PFAS GAC ND Operating Capacity Assumed Bed Volumes 200,000 25,000 Volume of media in lead vessels ft Gallons treated per charge of media Gals 299,000, ,000,000 Cost of media per fill $ 70,000 41,000 Services (extract/refill, trucking,profiling, incineration) $ 8,000 36,000 Operating Cost per refill $ 78,000 77,000 Number of refill charges per year Total Operating cost per year $ 70, ,000 Operating cost $ /1000 gallons treated Allocated Capital Cost per year $ 17,000 40,000 Total Capital and Operating Cost per year $ 87, ,000 $ per 1000 gallons water treated

39 Example Purolite Simulation PFOS and PFOA Breakthrough 39

40 Example Purolite Simulation Optimizing Lead-Lag Operation reduce OPEX by >30% 40