CCS Monitoring under the Marine Pollution Prevention Law

Transcription

1 CCS Monitoring under the Marine Pollution Prevention Law HIROTAKA HAMANAKA Ministry of Environment, JAPAN June 3, th Meeting of the IEA-GHG Monitoring Network

2 Outline 1. Amendment to the London Protocol 1996 and the Marine Pollution Prevention Law 2. Monitoring Requirements under the Marine Pollution Prevention Law 3. Research Project Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring Methodology

3 Amendment to the Marine Pollution Prevention Law October 2006 Amendment to the London Protocol 1996 Enables offshore CCS under the framework of the international convention May 2007 Amendment to the Marine Pollution Prevention Law September 2007 Amendment or new establishment of the related regulations (Cabinet Order, Ordinance, Notification) November 2007 Japan ratified the London Protocol 1996

4 Regulating Offshore CCS under the Marine Pollution Prevention Law Principle purpose of the Law: Marine Environment Protection Regulate only offshore CCS Permit from Minister of the Environment is required (every 5 years) Applicants are required to provide: - Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Monitoring Plan - Mitigation Plan, and others

5 Monitoring Requirements (1) Monitoring Plan Marine Pollution Prevention Law (Article ) Monitoring Plan for Pollution Ordinance for offshore CCS permission (Article 1-3) Notification of offshore CCS permission (Article 2-3) Monitoring under normal situation Indication of possible seepage No Yes Countermeasures for risk minimization (e.g. cessation of injection) Monitoring for possible seepage No Determination of seepage Yes Monitoring for adverse impact Implement mitigation measures

6 Monitoring Requirements (2) Monitoring under normal situation (Notification 2-3(3)) Characteristics of CO 2 stream (once a year or more, during injection) Volume, purity (percentage of CO 2 and other substances) Continuous monitoring of injection pressure, injection rate, temperature Condition of the site Condition of geological formation, such as formation pressure and temperature (once a year or more) Front and extent of CO 2 plume (approx. twice in permit period) Chemical characteristics of seawater (once a year) Condition of marine organisms and status of sea usage (once in permit period or more)

7 Monitoring Requirements (3) Monitoring for possible CO 2 seepage (Notification 2-3(1)) When there are possibilities of adverse effect on marine environment from CO 2 seepage, specific monitoring should be conducted to determine the impact or evaluate the risk. Quick, wide-area, and accurate monitoring is required Monitoring for adverse impact in case of CO 2 seepage (Notification 2-3(2) When seepage adversely impacts the marine environment or the risk is high, specific monitoring should be conducted. Identifying the seepage location, understanding the severity of the impact, planning specific mitigation measures

8 Monitoring Requirements (4) Post injection requirement Monitoring should be conducted for a reasonable period. Duration? Frequency? To continue to be discussed as a future issue, while reviewing the results from our ongoing research projects as well as new knowledge and findings from CCS activities worldwide.

9 Challenges To what extent can monitoring assure the safety of CCS? What technology can be applied to CCS monitoring? What can monitoring do and not do? What should regulators expect from operators in terms of monitoring? i

10 Research Project Investigating the Environmental Management System for Offshore CCS As the responsible authority, the MOE has started to obtain the necessary knowledge and resources to adequately examine the permit applications (e.g. monitoring plan) the guideline for permit review to be established in the near future Two 3-year project in progress: Development of EIA Methodology Development of Marine Monitoring Methodology

11 Purposes of the Project Development of EIA Methodology Development of seepage scenarios Development of ocean model to simulate seepage and its impact Establishment of ocean EIA methodology for CCS Aggregate g the scientific data of CO 2 impact on marine organisms Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring Indicators of CO 2 seepage: chemical property of seawater and sediments Monitoring methodology of CO 2 seepage into the ocean

12 Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring i Methodology (1) Phase I (2008 fall 2009 summer) Utilization of natural analog CO 2 -rich volcanic gas from CO 2 rich volcanic gas from Wakamiko Submarine Caldera

13 Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring i Methodology (2) Phase I (2008 fall 2009 summer) Chemical analysis of seawater and sediments (ph, total CO 2, alkalinity etc.) ph sensor on seabed Sidescan sonar and fish finder gas bubble detection Expecting results and issues Annual CO 2 flux: seasonal thermocline to be considered Detection limit for CO 2 seepage Monitoring methodologies in shallow waters and open seas

14 Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring Methodology (3) Phase II (2009) Assessment of Phase I results and issues and further investigation (Examples) Chemical analysis improvement: spatial coverage of monitoring, monitoring in shallow waters etc. Development of CO 2 detection by physical property monitoring: density change etc. Examine reasonable monitoring methodology for the possible CCS sites Parameters Methods Sampling intervals, and others

15 Development of CO 2 Seepage Monitoring i Methodology (4) Phase III (planned) To be adjusted flexibly for CCS progress and situation in Japan (examples) Coordination with the large scale demonstration project Baseline measurements in the areas with high storage potential

16 Thank you.