ENERGY MODELING EARLY PHASE DESIGN COLLABORATION

Transcription

1 EVENT 24: ENERGY MODELING FOR EARLY PHASE DESIGN COLLABORATION SIMONA FISCHER, DESIGNER MSR SEAN SONNABEND, MECHANICAL ENGINEER, PE AKF CHRIS WINGATE, DESIGNER MSR AIA MINNESOTA WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 217

2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES As energy modeling tools continue to evolve we are finding ways to evolve the design process as well. Engaging engineering early in the process and getting real time feedback on how envelope design and massing affect the HVAC design can help to get projects on track to meet goals like LEED certification, the 23 Challenge or Net Zero. In addition this workflow can also help to reduce capital budgets and limit redesign costs later in the process. We will discuss possible workflow paths that deliver meaningful feedback to all collaborators. 1. Understand the overlap of enclosure-oriented building performance modeling with mechanical energy modeling in early phase design. 2. Identify where comparative studies can be done to better inform the whole building energy model to increase the speed of feedback. 3. Understand how different workflow approaches between the architects and engineers impact the design process. 4. The timeline and methodology for collaborative energy modeling earlier in project delivery.

3 WHY EARLY PHASE?

4 WHY EARLY PHASE? scheduled energy models ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

5 WHY EARLY PHASE? energy modeling at this stage is just verifying decisions that are already made ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

6 WHY EARLY PHASE? ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

7 WHY EARLY PHASE? Want to use smarter inputs Not comfortable making claims early on that could potentially be held up later ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

8 WHY EARLY PHASE? Too detailed to quickly test massing strategies other than orientation Cost-savings driven; No overall carbon footprint reduction info ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

9 Ability to impact project Cost of design changes PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy

10 THE PATH WE REALLY WANT Baselines and targets Climate analysis and passive strategies Envelope optimization Orientation / massing / glazing Systems optimization Handoff Design verification, fine-tuning Setup for comissioning Setup for energy use data collection ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy Upfront input on systems alternatives Modeling input

11 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 METHODOLOGY WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

12 OVERVIEW WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels. The impact of global warming is far greater than just increasing temperatures. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing season in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious diseases. Some of these changes are already occurring. -Holli Riebeek, NASA Earth Observatory

13 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, PPM CO2 WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Scientists have set the maximum level of C2 in the atmosphere at 35 ppm to ensure stable climate conditions globally. We have already exceeded this number and are at 397 ppm C2. This has led to a global warming that is already underway. We must reduce the levels of C2 in the atmosphere to below 35 ppm to avoid permanent global warming. 2 DEG CELSIUS If global temperatures rise by more than 2 degrees Celsius, scientists predict this will set in motion a permanent and accelerated global warming. We have already recorded a global temperature increase of.8 degrees Celsius in the past decade. We must keep the global temperature rise under 2 degrees Celsius to avoid permanent global warming.

14 35 PPM CO2 -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

15 2 DEG CELSIUS

16 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 IMPACT WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE ARE YOU RICH ENOUGH TO SHIELD YOUR DESCENDANTS? The simple reality is that people are already feeling the effects, whether they know it or not. Because of sea level rise, for instance, some 83, more residents of New York and New Jersey were flooded during Hurricane Sandy than would have been the case in a stable climate, scientists have calculated. Tens of thousands of people are WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? already dying in heat waves made worse by global warming. The refugee flows that have destabilized politics around the world have been traced in part to climate change. Of course, as with almost all other social problems, poor people will be hit first and hardest. THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL - Climate Change Is Complex. We ve Got Answers to Your Questions. Justin Gillis, The New York Times

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19 OVERVIEW 23 WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION CHALLENGE We re a non-profit think tank transforming climate change problems into solutions through the design of the built environment. PROBLEM The urban built environment is responsible for most of the world s fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. SOLUTION Planning and designing collaborative efforts that pave the way to a sustainable and carbon neutral future WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

20 OVERVIEW 23 WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING CHALLENGE WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL INDUSTRY 21.1% BUILDINGS 44.6% TRANSPORTATION 34.3%

21 OVERVIEW 23 WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING CHALLENGE WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

22 OVERVIEW WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 AIA23 COMMITMENT WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

23 OVERVIEW WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 AIA23 COMMITMENT In 26, Architecture 23 issued the 23 Challenge, a breakthrough vision that calls for all new buildings, developments, and major renovations to be carbon-neutral by 23. To support this call to action, we created the AIA 23 Commitment a national framework with simple metrics and a standardized reporting format to provide a structure for tracking progress and help you meet the challenge. The mission of The AIA 23 Commitment is to transform the practice of architecture in a way that is holistic, firmwide, project-based and data-driven, so that the AIA and the participating firms can prioritize energy performance and carbon reductions in the design toward carbon neutral buildings, developments and major renovations by

24 OVERVIEW WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 AIA23 COMMITMENT SIGN the commitment REPORT energy performance of all projects you design every year WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL CONTRIBUTE national database of project performance IMPROVE track performance, access resources, make progress

25 - the-23-commitment

26 33% increase in reported projects Total reported area (GSF) of projects & total number of projects 3.B 2 gross square feet 2.5B 2.B 1.5B 1.B.5B.B.4B.7B B B B B B number of projects *Data for total number of projects is unavailable for years prior to 211. Total GSF Total number of projects AIA23 Progress Report

27 1% 9% peui% reduction 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 6% Energy Reduction Target 7% Energy Reduction Target 3% 2% 1% ANNUAL AVERAGE ENERGY SAVINGS for all reported projects AIA23 Progress Report

28 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 EUI IS MPG WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ANNUAL ENERGY USE PROJECT SIZE KBTU SF WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

29 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE ENERGY+ CLIMATE CONSULTANT SEFAIRA HONEYBEE / LADYBUG REVIT WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL IESVE TRANE/TRACE EQUEST

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32 OVERVIEW INTEGRATION + WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING COLLABORATION WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

33 OVERVIEW MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 WHY ENERGY MODEL? ENERGY, CARBON, AND GLOBAL WARMING WHAT RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE? 23 CHALLENGE AIA23 COMMITMENT EUI = ENERGY USE INTENSITY ENERGY MODELING SOFTWARE WHY ENERGY MODEL IN EARLY DESIGN? INTEGRATION AND COLLABORATION WHAT MAKES UP AN ENERGY MODEL? THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL

34 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL 1 Energy Modeling Input Category Design Team Responsibility 3 1) Climate Data 2) Construction Types 4, 5 2 3) Building Form 4) Occupancy Types 6, 7 5) Occupancy Loads 6) Building Systems 7) Building System Schedules

35 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL 1 Energy Modeling Input Category Design Team Responsibility 3 1) Climate Data 2) Construction Types 4, 5 2 3) Building Form 4) Occupancy Types Architect 6, 7 5) Occupancy Loads 6) Building Systems 7) Building System Schedules Engineer

36 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Energy Modeling Input Category 1) Climate Data 2) Construction Types 3) Building Form 4) Occupancy Types 5) Occupancy Loads 6) Building Systems 7) Building System Schedules Design Team Responsibility Architect Engineer

37 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Intelligent Defaults Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

38 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Climate Analysis Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

39 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Climate Analysis Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Envelope Optimization Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

40 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Climate Analysis Envelope Optimization Massing Study Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

41 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Define Occupancy Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

42 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Project-Specific Information Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Envelope Optimization Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

43 THE ANATOMY OF AN ENERGY MODEL Project-Specific Information Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Envelope Optimization Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules Massing + Systems Optimization Energy Model Climate Data Construction Types Building Form Occupancy Types Occupancy Loads Building Systems Building Systems Schedules

44 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION

45 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

46 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

47 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

48 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

49 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

50 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

51 ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS Establish a baseline to track energy saving strategies against Use an industry standard baseline to enable comparison to similar buildings in similar locations Facilitate reporting energy performance to LEED, AIA23 Commitment, ect. 23 CBECS Survey (Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey) Survey of US building stock in 23 categorized by building type, size, and location

52 ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS National Average Building EUI (Energy Use Intensity) Find your building type and associated average energy use (1 minute) Regional Average Building EUI Use a website to input project type, size, and address (5 minutes) Use Regional Average EUI over National Average EUI whenever possible. Target EUI 7% below your Regional Average Building EUI (3 seconds)

53 NATIONAL AVERAGE EUI U.S. National Average Site EUI Source U.S. National Building Type Average Site EUI 23 CBECS Average* Bank/Financial Institution 77 X Courthouse 118 X Data Center use Target Finder to derive comparison TF > Education College/University (campus level) 12 X Education General 76 X Education K 12 School 75 X Food Sales Convenience Store (w/ or w/out gas station) 241 X Food Sales General 225 X Food Sales Supermarket/Grocery 213 X Food Service Fast Food 534 X Food Service General 351 X Food Service Restaurant/Cafeteria 32 X Health Care Clinic 84 X Health Care Hospital Inpatient 227 X Other

54 NATIONAL AVERAGE EUI Health Care Medical Office 59 X Health Care Nursing/Assisted Living 124 X Health Care Outpatient General 73 X Laboratory recommend use of Labs21 37 Labs21 Lodging General 87 X Lodging Hotel/Motel 94 X Lodging Residence Hall/Dormitory 89 X Mixed Use use Calculator tab to derive comparison Calc > Office 1, sf 74 X** Office 1,1 to 1, sf 9 X** Office 1,1 sf or greater 14 X** Other see FAQ #29 14 X Public Assembly Entertainment/Culture 95 X Public Assembly General 66 X Public Assembly Library 14 X Public Assembly Recreation 65 X Public Assembly Social/Meeting 52 X Public Safety Fire/Police Station 78 X Public Safety General 9 X Religious Worship 46 X Residential Mobile Homes 73 RECS Residential Multi Family, 2 to 4 units 58 RECS Residential Multi Family, 5 or more units 5 RECS Residential Single Family Attached 44 RECS Residential Single Family Detached 44 RECS

55 Residential Mid Rise/High Rise see FAQ #29 Calc > Retail Mall 17 X Retail Non mall, Vehicle Dealerships, misc. 82 X Retail Store 72 X Service (vehicle repair/service, postal service) 77 X Storage Distribution/Shipping Center 44 X Storage General 26 X Storage Non refrigerated warehouse 31 X Storage Refrigerated warehouse 127 X Warehouse Self storage 4 X X none apply, provide Design Energy Code NA * CBECS (Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey) Average calculated as the arithmetic mean of reported EUIs across all survey buildings of the given type. See FAQ for more detailed explanation. ** CBECS averages weighted by square footage, within size groups. National Average Building Energy Use Residential Single Family Home Office 1,1 to 1, sf Lab 44 EUI 9 EUI 37 EUI

56 REGIONAL AVERAGE EUI + TARGET EUI ZERO TOOL 11/14/ Baseline ABOUT YOUR BUILDING RESULTS building address building type building size Building Name Building Name Country * United States City State/Prov. madison * * Wisconsin Postal Code 5374 * Degree Days HDD * CDD 568 * 7369 New construction Existing Building Target EUI is BASELINE 84 EUI 1 Zero Score 25 based on a 7% reduction TARGET 25 EUI 3 Zero Score BUILDING USE DETAILS In order to provide you with an appropriate comparison for your building, we need to know how spaces in this building will be used. If your building has multiple uses, add them below. Commercial Add Another Use Residential BUILDING SUMMARY LOCATION madison, WI 5374 USES Adult Education 8,9 sq.ft (1.%) RESULTS BASELINE TARGET EUI % Reduction from Baseline YOUR BUILDING % 7% N/A Zero Score 1 3 N/A Selected Use Type(s): Site EUI (kbtu/ft²/yr) N/A Adult Education Source EUI (kbtu/ft²/yr) N/A Total GHG Emissions (metric tons CO₂e/yr) N/A

57 ENERGY CODE BASELINE IECC 23-1% IECC 26-2% IECC 29-35% IECC 212-4% - % CBECS 23 average -2% ASHRAE % ASHRAE % ASHRAE % ASHRAE AIA % AIA % AIA % AIA % AIA %

58 ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS 15 kbtu/sf 68 kbtu/sf 66 kbtu/sf 35 kbtu/sf 32 kbtu/sf 24 kbtu/sf Regional Ave Baseline Code Baseline (IECC 29) LEEDv3 Prereq. Min LEEDv3 Max Points 23 Challenge Net-Zero Energy School K-12-35% from Regional Average -3% from Code Baseline -48% from Code Baseline -7% from Regional Ave Baseline Site Net Zero EAc points

59 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

60 % % AVG 1% 2% RH MAX 25 2 AVG MIN 1% MIN TEMP HOURS WIND SPEED (mph) AVG MAX MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES Climate Study 11 F 97 F Temperature degree F 1 9 Solar direct normal radiation (Wh/m 2 ) Location Weather File Climate Type Heating (HDD) Pittsburgh, PA Pittsburgh International Air Port, TMY3 5A - Cool Humid 84 F 71 F 58 F 45 F 32 F summer comfort zone winter comfort zone very high solar radiation high solar radiation Cooling (CDD) F 3 medium solar radiation 6 F 2 Pittsburgh lies in the humid continental climate zone as it transitions to the humid subtropical climate. The area has four distinct seasons: winters are cold, cloudy, and moderately snowy, springs and falls generally mild with moderate levels of sunshine, and summers warm to hot and humid. As measured by percent possible sunshine, summer is by far the sunniest season. -7 F -2 F 1 % Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Humidity percent relative humidity 1 1 % low solar radiation Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 75 % loss in solar power Cloud Cover percent cloud cover The warmest month of the year in Pittsburgh is July, with a 24-hour average of 72.6 deg F. Conditions are often humid, and combined with highs reaching 9 deg F. on average 9.5 days a year, a considerable heat index arises. Pittsburgh averages 112 days of at or below freezing temperatures, and lows of deg F or below can be expected on average 2.6 nights per year. 9 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 9 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 5 % loss in solar power 25 % loss in solar power 1 % loss in solar power Average annual precipitation is 28.3 inches and total precipitation is greatest in May while least in October. Snowfall averages 41.4 inches per season. There is an average of 59 clear days, 13 partly cloudy days, and 23 cloudy days per year. In terms of annual percent-average possible sunshine received, Pittsburgh (455) is similar to Seattle (43%). 3 % 2 % 1 % % comfort zone Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3 % 2 % 1 % % Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 in Precipitation monthly percipitation 4 Wind Speed miles per hour 9 in in 7 in gale force winds strong breeze % Summer Wind Rose WIND SPEED (mph) MAX AVG MIN 2 % 15 1 AVG RH 5 1% MIN TEMP AVG MAX 1% HOURS 2% % Winter Wind Rose 6 in 5 in 4 in 3 in 2 in 1 in in wet temperate dry desert % AVG 2% WIND SPEED (mph) MAX 25 2 AVG MIN RH 1% MIN TEMP AVG MAX 1% HOURS Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec breeze light and calm Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

61 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES 11 F Temperature degree F 97 F 84 F 71 F summer comfort zone winter comfort zone 58 F 45 F 32 F 19 F 6 F -7 F -2 F Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

62 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES 1 % Humidity percent relative humidity 9 % 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % comfort zone 2 % 1 % % Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

63 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES PSYCHROMETRIC CHART human comfort 6.9%

64 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES PSYCHROMETRIC CHART natural ventilation 1.7% human comfort 6.9%

65 CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES PSYCHROMETRIC CHART natural ventilation 1.7% internal heat gain 22.8% human comfort 6.9%

66 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

67 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION Why? stop guessing about how much insulation we should use help make early, informed decisions about envelope using a simple energy model bring engineering to the table as early as possible. facilitate simultaneous energy analysis between architects and engineers Tools simple shoebox energy model required (about 12 hours)

68 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION code baseline (IECC 29) regional average baseline 15 eui code baseline energy model 67 eui 36% heating 62% interior 28% cooling 6% SPACE USE occupant density (sf / per) 9 equipment power density (W/sf).9 power density (W/sf) 1.4 outside air rate / person (cfm/per) 21.2 outside air rate / unit area (cfm/sf) ENVELOPE window to wall ratio 4% wall (r value) 2 roof (r value) 2 slab (r value) 12.5 glazing (uvalue).45 glazing (shgc).3 infiltration (cfm/sf).394

69 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION envelope wall r value % R2 roof r value 4% R2 R3 R35 slab r value 2% SPACE USE occupant density (sf / per) 9 equipment power density (W/sf).9 power density (W/sf) 1.4 outside air rate / person (cfm/per) 21.2 outside air rate / unit area (cfm/sf) ENVELOPE window to wall ratio 4% wall (r value) 2 roof (r value) 2 slab (r value) 12.5 glazing (uvalue).45 glazing (shgc).3 infiltration (cfm/sf).394 R12 R15 R2

70 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION wall r value % R2 roof r value 4% R2 R3 R35 R2 R3 R35 slab r value 2% R12 R15 R2

71 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION envelope glazing u value 1% U.16 U.3 U.4 U.45 glazing shgc value % V.3 V.4 glazing window to wall ratio SPACE USE occupant density (sf / per) 9 equipment power density (W/sf).9 power density (W/sf) 1.4 outside air rate / person (cfm/per) 21.2 outside air rate / unit area (cfm/sf) ENVELOPE window to wall ratio 4% wall (r value) 2 roof (r value) 2 slab (r value) 12.5 glazing (uvalue).45 glazing (shgc).3 infiltration (cfm/sf).394 daylight energy

72 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION space use infiltration envelope tightness 5% DIR.2 DIR.394 power density 5% LPD.4 LPD 1.5 equipment power density SPACE USE occupant density (sf / per) 9 equipment power density (W/sf).9 power density (W/sf) 1.4 outside air rate / person (cfm/per) 21.2 outside air rate / unit area (cfm/sf) ENVELOPE window to wall ratio 4% wall (r value) 2 roof (r value) 2 slab (r value) 12.5 glazing (uvalue).45 glazing (shgc).3 infiltration (cfm/sf).394 equipment selection staff habits EPD.9

73 ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION code baseline (IECC 29) regional average baseline 15 eui code baseline energy model 67 eui better envelope 1 59 eui glazing (u value).4 roof (r value) 3 wall (r value) 2 slab (r value) 15 infiltration (cfm/sf).2 better envelope 2 56 eui glazing (u value).3 roof (r value) 35 wall (r value) 2 slab (r value) 15 infiltration (cfm/sf).2 12% 16% 36% 44% 46% SPACE USE occupant density (sf / per) 9 equipment power density (W/sf).9 power density (W/sf) 1.4 outside air rate / person (cfm/per) 21.2 outside air rate / unit area (cfm/sf) ENVELOPE window to wall ratio 4% wall (r value) - roof (r value) - slab (r value) - glazing (uvalue) - glazing (shgc).3 infiltration (cfm/sf) - better envelope 3 52 eui glazing (u value).16 roof (r value) 35 wall (r value) 2 slab (r value) 15 infiltration (cfm/sf).2 22% 5%

74 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

75 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Why? form should respond to more than aesthetics form should respond to more than energy analysis visualize the impact of form on energy performance and respond accordingly design with an emphasis on daylight collaborate with engineers - massing / orientation / glazing choices can impact peak loads, system selection, system sizing, and system balance Tools energy modeling software - time required varies widely according to your iterative process, depth of study, and graphic presentation

76 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING 23 Challenge Energy Metrics Location Building Type Climate Zone 4 Library National Average EUI Regional Average EUI 14 kbtu/sf 97 kbtu/sf 23 Challenge Energy Targets year base percent reduction % 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% kbtu/sf Challenge Energy Goal Target EUI = 29 kbtu/sf This project will pursue a projected energy use intensity of 29 kbtu/sf in accordance with the 23 Challenge targets. The project will seek to minimize heating and cooling loads through passive design strategies and developing a robust building envelope, using efficient mechanical and electrical systems, and implementing renewable energy sources. 23 CHALLENGE METRICS

77 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Baseline Energy Model Values Massing Concept Baseline Massing Baseline Concept Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP Central Boiler.2 cfm/ft EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances 124 Baseline fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar BASELINE MASSING ENERGY

78 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Wall R Value Roof R Value Slab R Value Massing Concept Baseline Massing Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F 4% Glazing U Value Glazing SHGC Value Orientation Value HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar BASELINE MASSING ENERGY

79 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 81% of floor area 3 points 91% of floor area 3.3% 43% of floor area 89% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar BASELINE MASSING DAYLIGHT

80 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3A Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3A ENERGY

81 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 88% of floor area 3 points 93% of floor area 6.9% 5% of floor area 75% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3A DAYLIGHT

82 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3B Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3B ENERGY

83 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 99% of floor area 3 points 98% of floor area 1.7% 99% of floor area 7% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3B DAYLIGHT

84 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3C Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3C ENERGY

85 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 96% of floor area 3 points 95% of floor area 5.8% 65% of floor area 81% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3C DAYLIGHT

86 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3D Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3D ENERGY

87 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 99% of floor area 3 points 96% of floor area 5.% 63% of floor area 78% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3D DAYLIGHT

88 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3F Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3F ENERGY

89 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 99% of floor area 3 points 95% of floor area 4.1% 6% of floor area 88% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3F DAYLIGHT

90 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3G Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3G ENERGY

91 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 99% of floor area 3 points 98% of floor area 13.5% 94% of floor area 41% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3G DAYLIGHT

92 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Massing Concept Massing 3G Shade Improved Envelope + HVAC Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing % Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value 4% HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3G SHADE ENERGY

93 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Daylight Performance Spatial Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5%) LEED v4 Daylight Points? (sda>55% = 2 points. sda >75% = 3 points) Continuous Daylight Autonomy (DA3 lux > 5% + partial credit <5% ) Mean Daylight Factor (% of exterior daylight available in interior) Daylight Factor Analysis (DF > 2%) Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI 1-2lux>5%) 98% of floor area 3 points 95% of floor area 8.7% 72% of floor area 59% of floor area Spatial Daylight Autonomy Scale Spatial Daylight Autonomy is represented as a percentage of annual daytime hours that a given point in a space is above a specified illumination level. The Daylight Autonomy threshold is 3 lux (3 fc). EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3G SHADE DAYLIGHT

94 MSR AKF AIAMN NOVEMBER 15, 215 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Improved Envelope + HVAC Values Wall R Value Roof R Value Roof Glazing U Value Massing Concept Massing 3G Shade Optimized Envelope Location Building Type Occupancy Operational Hours Lighting Power Density Plug Load Density Heating Setpoint Cooling Setpoint Glazing U value Glazing SHGC value Wall R value Roof R value Slab R value Climate Zone 4 Library 33 people 6am - 1pm daily 1.3 W/ft2 1.1 W/ft2 66 deg F 72 deg F Glazing U Value Glazing SHGC Value Roof Glazing SHGC Value HVAC System Type Ventilation Rate Heating Equipment COP Cooling Equipment COP GSHP.2 cfm/ft Electric GSHP Water cooled chiller EUI (kbtu/sf) Monthly Energy Consumption Monthly Heat Gains Monthly Heat Losses appliances Baseline This Option fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating J F M A M J J A S O N D appliances fan cooling hot water space heating electric heating equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar equipment occupant infiltration ventilation conduction solar MASSING 3G SHADE ENERGY

95 ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING Timing of ECM Analysis Vertical Window Fins Direct Savings Reduces energy cost by.1% Indirect Savings Reduction to peak cooling load 1% reduction in solar load (Whole Building) 25% less cooling energy (South facing room) Smaller ductwork and fewer diffusers Smaller HVAC equipment Reduced electrical service

96 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION ENERGY USE

97 SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION

98 METHODOLOGY ESTABLISH BASELINES AND TARGETS CLIMATE ANALYSIS + PASSIVE STRATEGIES ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION ORIENTATION / MASSING / GLAZING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION

99 COLLABORATIVE ENERGY MODELING Baselines and targets Climate analysis and passive strategies Envelope optimization Orientation / massing / glazing Systems optimization Handoff Design verification, fine-tuning Setup for comissioning Setup for energy use data collection ARCHITECT ENGINEER PD SD DD CD CA Occupancy Upfront input on systems alternatives Modeling input