Grants for CA K-12 energy retrofits with Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) >1.01

Transcription

1 Getting to Zero Forum PG&E ZNE School Pilot California Proposition 39 Presented by Alexis Karolides, April 18, 2018 CA Energy Commission Prop 39 Grants for CA K-12 energy retrofits with Savings to Investment Ratio (SIR) >1.01 SIR = NPV of energy & maintenance savings project installation cost - rebates - other grants - non-energy benefits PG&E ZNE Pilot: Finding cost-effective efficiency measures to roll out across CA 2 1

2 Prioritize ZNE sites across the whole district Need for better comfort, daylight, etc. Savings potential Alignment with scheduled replacements & renovations (equipment, roofs) Schools with a practical ability to site PV Funding 3 Evaluate the school School /district goals, funding & implementation strategy Where to put solar PV? Planned retrofits Behavior & preferences (active or passive systems, maintenance team needs) Local requirements (wages vs. SIRs, idiosyncratic inspectors) 4 2

3 4/23/2018 Painted clerestories Evaluate efficiency opportunities Daylighting / lighting - undoing the 1970 s Building envelope HVAC replacement schedule Portables - condition of lighting & Bard units Dark ceilings Excess lighting BMS / Occ sensors? Are lights/hvac left on? Dark film 5 Goal: daylight without glare Restore daylight Avoid glare 6 3

4 Planning the retrofit Identify school s goals, funding & implementation strategy Model the base case, onsite PV capacity, and efficiency needed for ZNE Analyze EEMs & select a package that meets SIR and other school goals Implement & monitor 7 Design Solutions Important maintenance task Efficiency first 4

5 Approaching the Retrofit in the Right Order People Align with other retrofits Efficiency first Optimize design Optimize equipment Then add PV, maybe storage 9 People matter most Glare-free natural light Views Clean fresh air Quiet Thermally comfortable Nueva School, Leddy Maytum Stacey Marin County Day School, EHDD 10 5

6 Daylighting Students in daylit schools progress 20-26% faster on test scores --Heshong Mahone Group, Pacific Gas & Electric Daylighting Study CO2 Levels Affect Cognition - up to 300% CO2 controlled (or LEED level) ventilation can improve both energy efficiency and air quality Allen et al (2015), Harvard Study 6

7 Implications of not running ventilation system The HVAC [standard Bard unit] is so loud, I heat the classroom before school starts, but then I just leave it off when I m teaching CO2 Level in Portables, before & after new HVAC w/erv --OUSD teacher, 2016 HVAC provides 15 cfm/person required by law, only when heating or cooling, or fans are on manually. Teachers struggling to teach over noisy HVAC sometimes preferred to suffer in a hot, cold, stuffy room --LBNL Study, Florida Portable Classroom Study (1999) The 30% temporary conundrum Resistance to upgrade Noisy HVAC - poor IAQ Poor daylight & views Poor energy performance 14 7

8 PG&E goal: ubiquitous technologies to roll out in CA 15 Address temporary classrooms Inefficient, noisy units have quiet efficient versions 16 8

9 Add affordable skylighting Many schools are one- or two- story 17 Replace interior lamps & exterior fixtures with LEDs 18 9

10 Identify deferred maintenance & upgrade HVAC Equipment replacement may not meet SIR unless unit is at the end of its useful life anyway More efficient HVAC may be heavier may need custom tall aluminum air handlers to meet weight limits Target practical PV locations Rooftop PV requires 20-yr roof warranty; maybe structural review Target schools with new roofs for adding PV Canopy PV may be cheaper 20 10

11 Newcastle elementary school: 32% energy savings Oakland elementary school: 30% energy savings 11

12 Junior college savings: ~60% From a 60 kbtu/sf-yr energy guzzler to 27 kbtu/sf-yr (or lower) and ZNE What could possibly go wrong? Complicated state approvals (got time?) Asbestos? Lead? Conflicting retrofit? Local contractor shortage, high prevailing wages? Efficient rooftop HVAC unit is too heavy? Oops they don t like it (and six other reasons to nix the daylighting) 24 12

13 Engage occupants Test non-dimmable Solatubes and lights Monitor end use - add visual display! Use CO2 sensors; adequately ventilate Use of blinds to redirect, not block out daylight Ecobee Smart Thermostat has logging capability for temperature and setpoint settings User manual / training Teaching opportunities for students! Using blinds for daylighting 25 Thank You San Francisco 220 Montgomery St. Suite 321 San Francisco, CA Oakland 5201 Harbord Dr. Oakland, CA Phone: (415)

14 Lessons Learned ZNE retrofits can uncover dramatic unmetered inefficiency Plan needed for 30% portable classrooms (need IAQ, acoustics daylight, efficiency; yet meet DSA) Many retrofits can t compete based on SIR SIR of replacing light fixtures (and triggering T24) can t compete with re-lamping Many IEQ retrofits (quieter Bards, daylight) may not compete on SIR alone High efficiency HVAC may not meet SIR unless due for replacement anyway Heavier (more efficient) HVAC units trigger structural review (try customizing) Heat pumps can cost-effectively replace aging boilers (except CEC favors gas over electric) Overworked maintenance staff favor time- and energy saving of BMS User training is essential to reap the energy benefit of daylighting 27 14