ENR 5261 ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL PHYSICS. Spring 2014 Course Outline

Transcription

1 ENR 5261 ENVIRONMENTAL SOIL PHYSICS Spring 2014 Course Outline 3 Credit Hours 370 Kottman Hall Instructor: Rattan Lal School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2021 Coffey Road Columbus, OH

2 ENR 5261 Environmental Soil Physics Spring 2014 (3 credit hours) Review of soil physical, mechanical, hydrological and rheological properties in relation to greenhouse effect, water quality, soil erosion, soil compaction, tillage methods, water management, and plant-water relations. INSTRUCTOR Dr. Rattan Lal Room: 422B Kottman Hall, Phone: , COURSE OBJECTIVES The course is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in learning basic soil physics and its applications to environment quality and sustainable use of natural resources. The syllabus meets the curriculum needs of students in Soil Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrology, Soil Mechanics, Natural Resources, Agricultural Engineering, Horticulture and Crop Sciences, Forestry, and Environmental Sciences. LEARNING OUTCOMES After completion of this course, students will the student will gain working knowledge of soil physical properties and how to manage them to optimize crop growth and minimize environmental problems. Through field and laboratory practicals and homework assignments, the student will learn methods of evaluating soil physical properties. The practicals will include assessment of soil compaction, porosity and pore-size distribution, plant-available water reserves, water movement within soil and the overland flow, soil temperature regime, aeration and gaseous diffusion, and plant-water relations. GRADING Two midterm exams 200 points (Wednesday 2/17, Monday 3/26, Exams to be held in the evening at 4:00pm) 100 points (one set per week), due Monday Homework sets (10) Practicals (10) 100 points (TBD during April 23-29) Final exam 200 points Field trip to Coshocton 25 points (???) GRADING SCALE >90 A 80 B 70 C 60 D The homework and practical set will be due each Monday. The homework will be discussed on Monday. The practicals can be conducted anytime during the week and in prior consultation with the Instructor and Teaching Assistant. The final grading will be based on the cumulative grade and curve rating for the entire class. 2

3 Special Accommodations Any student who feels they may need an accommodation based on the impact of disability should contact the instructor privately to discuss your specific needs. You should also contact the Office of Disability Services at ( ) in 150 Pomerene Hall to coordinate reasonable accommodations for students with documented disabilities. Academic Misconduct Cheating, plagiarism, and other forms of academic dishonesty will not be tolerated. Any violation will be prosecuted to the fullest extent as set out in University Rule

4 Date Day Lecture Contents M i. Definition of soil physical properties and processes, ii. Importance of soil physics to environment and natural resources, iii. Mass-volume relationship Reading Assignment: Chapters 1 & 2 (p. 1-31) W i. Particle size distribution, ii. Different systems of particle classification, iii. Stoke s law Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p ) F Laboratory on soil bulk density by core method, demonstration of clod method and explanation of other methods Homework 1: Mass-volume relationship, soils and environment; Problems 1-7, Chapter 2 (p ) M i. Soil constituents, organic and inorganic, ii. Predominant minerals iii. Composition of organic fraction Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p ) W i. Particle shape, ii. Surface area, iii. Packing arrangement Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p , 53-77) F Laboratory on hydrometer analyses Demonstration of the Pipet method M MLK Holiday No class W i. Properties of clay faction, ii. Surface charge, Zeta potential Reading Assignment: Chapter 3 (p ) F Particle density Homework 2: Stoke s Law and surface area, Problems 1-2 (one size and one temp. only), 3-6, 16, 17 (Chapter 3 p ) M i. Soil structure, ii. Aggregation, iii. Formation of organo-mineral complexes, iv. Assessment of soil structure Reading Assignment: Chapter 4 (p ) 4

5 W Properties of water i. Surface tension ii. Viscosity iii. Contact angle iv. Capillarity Reading Assignment: Chapter 9 (p ) F Laboratory on aggregation M i. Porosity and pore size distribution, ii. Classification of pores, iii. Measurement of pore size Reading Assignment: Chapter 5 (p ) W Applications of soil structure: i. Crusting, ii. Surface seal formation Reading Assignment: Chapter 6 (p ) F Laboratory on tensile strength of aggregates Homework 3: Capillarity, pore size distribution Problems 1 (one temp. only), 2-5, 7 Chapter 5 (p.161) M i. Soil strength, ii. Stress/strain Reading Assignment: Chapter 7 (p ) W i. Soil compaction and consolidation, ii. Boussinesq equation, iii. Machinery and compaction, iv. Root growth Reading Assignment: Chapter 7 (p ) F Laboratory on Atterberg s Limits M i. Consistency, ii. Plasticity, iii. Atterberg s limits Reading Assignment: Chapter 8 (p ) Midterm I 4:00 PM W i. World water resources, ii. Fresh water, iii. Soil water, iv. Hydrologic cycle, v. Soil moisture content definitions Reading Assignment: Chapter 10 (p ) F Laboratory on tension table 5

6 M i. Energy status of soil water, ii. Soil-water potential, iii. Soil moisture characteristic curves Reading Assignment: Chapter 11 (p ) W i. Plant-available water, ii. Soil-water potential measurement, iii. Soil-water management Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p ) F Laboratory on pf curves Homework 4: Moisture content and potential Chapter 10 (pgs ), Problems 1-4, Chapter 11 (pg. 351), Problems M i. Water movement in saturated soil, ii. Different forms of Daryc s Law Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p ) W i. Hydraulic conductivity and its assessment, ii. Permeability, iii. Limitations of Darcy s Law F Laboratory on saturated hydraulic conductivity Reading Assignment: Chapter 12 (p ) Homework 5: Problems Chapter 12, 1-7 (p. 377) 3-10 to 3-14 Spring Break M i. Water movement in unsaturated soil: (i) K Θ, (ii) D Θ Reading Assignment: Chapter 13 (p ) ii. Water movement in unsaturated soil: (i) K Θ, (ii) D Θ Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 (p ) W i. Models of infiltration, ii. Calculations of S, A, I Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 (p ) F Laboratory on water infiltration M i. Water movement in vapor state ii. Diffusion Reading Assignment: Chapter 15 (p ) W i. Soil Evaporation and its management Reading Assignment: Chapter 15 (p ) Midterm I 4:00 PM 6

7 F Laboratory on gas diffusivity Homework 6: Chapter 14, Problems 1-8 (p ) M i. Soil aeration, ii. Air capacity, iii. Composition of soil air Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p ) W i. Aeration, ii. Gaseous exchange Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p ) F Field Trip to Coshocton Homework 7: Chapter 15, Problems 1-3 (p.463) M i. Mass flow, ii. Diffusion Reading Assignment: Chapter 18 (p ) W i. Soil temperature regime, ii. Heat capacity, iii. Thermal conductivity Reading Assignment: Chapter 17 (p ) F Lab on ODR, and gaseous exchange by photoacoustic method Homework 8: Soil air, Chapter 18, Problems 1,3,5,7, (p. 594) M i. Heat transport in soil, ii. Modeling soil temperature Reading assignment: Chapter 17 (p ) Homework 9: Greenhouse effect W F Lab on soil temperature measurements Homework 10: Soil temperature, Chapter 17, Problems 1, 3, 5 April TBD FINAL EXAM 7

8 TEXT BOOK 1. Lal, R. and M.K. Shukla (2004) Principles of Soil Physics. Marcel Dekker, New York, 716 pp. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 1. H. Don Scott (2000) Soil Physics: Agricultural and Environmental Applications. Iowa State Univ. Press, 421 pp. 2. D. Hillel (1998) Environmental Soil Physics, Academic Press, 770 pp. 3. Baver, L.D., W.H. Gardner and W.R. Gardner (1972) Soil Physics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 4. Rose, C.W. (1966) Agricultural Physics. Pergemon Press, New York. 5. Khonke, Helmut (1968) Soil Physics. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York. 6. Black, C.A. (Editor-in-Chief) (1986) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part I. ASA, Madison, WI. 7. Marshall, T.J., J.W. Holmes, and C.W. Rose (1996) Soil Physics. Third edition, Cambridge University Press, 453 pp. 8. Taylor, S.A. and G.L. Ashcroft (1972) Physical edaphology. W.H. Freeman and Co. 9. Hanks, R.J. and G.L. Ashcroft (1980) Applied Soil Physics. Springer-Verlag. 10. Hillel, D. (1980) Applications of Soil Physics. Academic Press, 385 pp. 11. Hillel, D. (1982) Introduction to Soil Physics. Academic Press, 364 pp. 12. Ellis, S. and A. Mellor (1995) Soils and Environment. Routledge, London, 364 pp. 8