Real World Experience on Technology Transfer

Transcription

1 Real World Experience on Technology Transfer TECHNOLOGY MECHANISM: WAY FORWARD FOR TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER UNDER the UNFCCC Wanna Tanunchaiwatana Manager, Finance Technology and Capacity Building Programme UN Climate Change Secretariat WIPO Conference on Innovation and Climate Change Geneva, Switzerland, 11 July 2011

2 Outline Background: Convention Milestones Bali Action Plan The Cancun Agreements: Key elements The Technology Mechanism: TEC and CTCN Technology needs and efforts to support action on ground action Towards a fully operational Technology Mechanism in 2012

3 Background: Convention Milestones The UNFCCC was signed in Rio in The 1 st COP took place in Berlin in It launched the Berlin Mandate, the two year process that led to an agreed outcome on the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted by COP 3 in It established, for the first time, limited emission reductions in developed countries and launched a carbon market through CDM, JI and emissions trading. The Kyoto Protocol was made operative at COP 7 in 2001 (Marrakech). COP 13 (2007) in Bali launched the Bali Road Map Process with the goal of an agreed outcome towards a post-2012 climate change agreement. COP16 (2010) : the Cancun Agreements (decision 1/CP.16) Durban Conference: Towards a post-2012 climate change agreement

4 Bali Action Plan Bali Action Plan (BAP) includes five pillars: Shared vision for long-term cooperative action Enhanced national/international action on mitigation Enhanced action on adaptation Enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation

5 Outcome of the AWG-LCA The Cancun agreements: Key elements Articulates a global goal of keeping temperature increase under 2 degrees, as well as a review of that goal on the basis of best available science Established a comprehensive institutional framework to support implementation of action on mitigation and adaptation and related support Launches implementation steps on various elements of the Bali Action Plan Provides direction to further work by articulating further tasks to: a) AWG-LCA: b) SBI and SBSTA

6 Outcome of the AWG-LCA The institutional framework under decision 1/CP.16 Adaptation Framework including an Adaptation Committee Registry of national appropriate mitigations actions by developing countries (NAMAs) Green Climate Fund to be designed by a Transitional Committee Technology Mechanism consisting of a Technology Executive Committee and Climate Technology Centre and Network 1/CP.16 contains further undertakings for each institution

7 Technology Mechanism Cancun Agreements established a Technology Mechanism, consisting of: Technology Executive Committee (TEC) as the policy and strategy arm of the Mechanism Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) to provide direct support to technology actions in developing countries to address climate change Technology Mechanism will play a key role in helping developing country Parties to prepare nationally appropriate mitigation actions and adaptation plans Technology Mechanism will be a very practical tool to build technological capacity within developing countries

8 Technology Mechanism: Buidling on existing Technology Transfer Framework established by Marakesh Accord (decision 4/CP.7) Technology Needs and Needs Assessments Technology Information Enabling Environment Capacity Building Mechanisms Innovative Financing Endogenous technological support Collaborative R&D

9 Technology Needs Assessments: country-driven activity by developing countries Mitigation and adaptation related sectors - Most commonly identified mitigation related sectors included energy generation, agriculture and forestry, and transport; Per cent of Parties Mitigation Targeted areas Adaptation - Most commonly identified adaptation related sectors contained agriculture and forestry, water management, systematic observation and monitoring; Energy Agriculture and forestry Transport Waste m anagem ent Industry A griculture Water resources System atic observation Hum an health Coastal zone Natural disaster Tourism

10 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Regional analysis sectors and technologies related to mitigation African Partiesaddressed technology needs in agriculture, forestry and land usesectors, followed by the energy sector(including increasing of the use of RET, electrification of rural areas), waste management, industry and transportas their main priority Forestry Water and land management Crop management RET Fossil energy supply CHP (cogeneration) Miscellaneous Nuclear power plant Energy-efficient appliances Miscellaneous DSM Green buildings - materials & design District heating Miscellaneous Waste management Fuel switching Industrial energy-efficiency Cement production Other High-efficiency motors Mining Furnaces Boilers Steel industry Miscellaneous industries Aluminium industry Bread-making industry Facilities Management & policy improvements Vehicles Public transport Freight Energy % of Parties Industry % Transport % Per cent of Parties Agriculture & forestry - 100% Generation % Transmission - 69% Waste management % Parties fromlatin America and the Caribbeanidentified their technology needs mostly in the energy sector. They identified the need to foster clean energy technologies, such as RET, lower carbon fuelsand high efficiency power generation RET Fossil energy supply CHP (cogeneration) Miscellaneous Nuclear power plant Energy-efficient appliances Miscellaneous DSM Green buildings - materials & design District heating Miscellaneous Vehicles Public transport Facilities Management & policy improvements Freight Crop management Forestry Water and land management Waste management Industrial energy-efficiency Other High-efficiency motors Fuel switching Miscellaneous industries Cement production Boilers Steel industry Mining Furnaces Aluminium industry Per cent of Parties Bread-making industry Energy - 100% of Parties Generation - 100% Buildings & residential % Transmission - 60% Agriculture & forestry % Waste management % Transport % Industry %

11 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Regional analysis sectors and technologies related to adaptation Majority of the LDCs addressed adaptation technology needs for modernization of the agriculture and forestry sectors. LDCs also identified water related needs, such as water transfers, recycling and conservation, and technologies for systematic observat. and monitoring, health and coastal zoneas the most appropriate. Many new ESTs relevant to the sustainable development of SIDSare now becoming available. Some SIDS identified agriculture, coastal zone, and water managementas their main adaptation related sectors. Crop and land management technologies, systematic observation and monitoring technologieswere considered key to successfully deal with natural disasters Cropmanagement Landmanagement Irrigation Pest management Improveddrainage Livestock Fishery Foodprocessing Forestry Non-technological Hard structural options Indigenous options Soft structural options Other Other Emergency planning Modification of codes Improveddrainage Raising of land &houses Various retreat Water transfers Water harvesting Other (soft) Water recycling/conservation Systematic observation Natural disasters Improved diagnosis Control of mosquitoes Other Water/food-borne diseases Heat stress Highwater extremes High wind extremes Per cent of Parties. Protection of beaches Protective structures Agriculture & forestry % of Parties Coastal zone % Water % Health % Protect % Accomodate % Retreat % Monitoring- 63.6% Natural disasters % Tourism- 27.3% Landmanagement Cropmanagement Irrigation Improveddrainage Pest management Livestock Fishery Foodprocessing Forestry Non-technological Water transfers Water recycling/conservation Water harvesting Other (soft) Systematic observation Other Emergency planning Modificationof codes Improveddrainage Raisingof land&houses Hardstructural options Indigenous options Soft structural options Other Various retreat Water/food-borne diseases Other Control of mosquitoes Improveddiagnosis Heat stress Highwater extremes Highwindextremes Natural disasters Per cent of Parties. Protectionof beaches Protective structures Agriculture & forestry % of Parties Coastal zone % Monitoring- 52.2% Accomodate % Protect % Retreat % Natural disasters % Tourism- 17.4% Water % Health %

12 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Barriers to technology transfer The main barriers to technology transfer were economic and market barriers, followed by human capacity, information and awareness, institutional, policy related and regulatory barriers; Per cent of the Parties Economic/market Human Inform ation/awareness Institutional Regulatory P olicy-related Technical IPRs Other Infrastructure

13 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The new TNA guiding tools: - Took into account the need to implement the results of the TNAs; - Were designed to assist Parties to conduct and prioritize their technology needs and prepare technology transfer projects for financing

14 Green economy Transformation to a low emission and climate resilient society Requires the acceleration in the development, deployment, diffusion and transfer of environmentally sound technologies and knowhow to facilitate, support and catalyze the full, effective and sustained actions at the global, regional, and national levels, from now, up to and beyond 2012.

15 Pathway for future technologies is clear. We need a global focus on four key sectors: power, transport, buildings and industry Action is therefore required to create markets for innovation and diffusion that work in a globalize world Although we have the technologies we need through to 2020, new technologies many available but not yet commercially proven will be needed to meet the more challenging long-term goals. As we deploy existing solutions, we must invest in future technology options, necessary for them to operate at scale.

16 Pathway for future technologies is clear. Instead of locking in high-carbon infrastructure, countries must agree now to speed up the deployment of technologies with potential for long-term carbon reduction. Without strong national and multilateral signals, the industry will not make the necessary investments to meet these goals The Cancun agreements put in place a number of policy frameworks that enable this to happen

17 Financing Technology Innovation: Financing support by various actors is essential Funding needs In order for a technology to reach its mitigation potential, the type and source of funding must be appropriate to stage of maturity Role of public sector and private sector finance changes depending on stage of development R&D Public funding Demonstration Private Deployment Diffusion Private investors start earning returns Commercially competitive Technology Innovation Stages An acceleration of technology development in all sectors would require increased public funding for R&D and demonstration to leverage private finance

18 TEC Strategy and business plan? TEC Functions TT Framework 121(e) Recommend actions to address barriers Technology Needs and Needs Assessments TEC Governance Model 121(c) Recommend policies, programme priorities Technology Information Innovative Financing 121(b) Policy-making functions Facilitation functions Consider and recommend action 121(a) Overview of technology needs, analysis of policy and technical issues Synthesis and analysis function Enabling Environments Endogenous technological support 121(g) Catalyse the development and use of technology roadmaps and action plans Modalities and Procedures? 121(f)&(d) Seek cooperation & Promote collaboration between stakeholders Capacity Building Collaborative R&D External deliverables Mechanisms Potential governance role Combined information platform Joint planning process? TEC interface with the CTCN? CTCN role advising the TEC Combined meetings Joint reporting process Joint work to implement common functions

19 CTCN Strategy and business plan CTCN Functions CTCN Governance Model? CTC At the request of developing country Parties 123 (a) (iii) Facilitate prompt action on deployment of existing technologies in developing countries based on needs 123 (a) (ii) Provide information, training and support programmes to build or strengthen developing country capacity 123 (a) (i) Advice and support related to identification of technology needs and implementation 123 (c) Facilitate a Network of national, regional, sectoral, & international technology centres, networks, organizations & initiatives 123 (b) Stimulate and encourage, through collaboration with private sector, public institutions, academia and research institutions, the development and transfer of existing and emerging ESTs, as well as, opportunities for N-S, S-S and technology cooperation Relationship between CTC and Network? Network 123 (c) (i) Enhance cooperation with national regional and international technology centres etc. 123 (c) (ii) Facilitate international public/private partnerships 123 (c) (iv) Stimulate twinning centre arrangements to encouraging cooperative R&D. 123 (c) (iii) Providing upon request incountry technical assistance & training 123 (c) (v) Identify, disseminate and assist with developing analytical tools, policies and best practices Partnerships? Products Terms of reference + Products and services (technical assistance & training) Structure of the Network?

20 Expert Workshop on Technology Mechanism (Bangkok, April 2011): Some highlights Start small with the flexibility to grow in response to needs. The importance of the TNA process for identifying needs and the future of the TNA process to support LEDS, NAMAs and NAPs. The key role that national institutions will have in the Technology Mechanism. The importance of regional dimension of the CTCN. That the Network must be flexible and capable of harnessing all the existing efforts related to technology development and transfer. That the connections between the Technology Mechanism and financing will be crucial for successful implementation. That the private sector must be actively engaged and contribute to the Technology Mechanism at all levels.

21 Towards a full operational Technology Mechanisms in 2012 Work programme under the AWGLCA in 2011 to define: a) The relationship between the TEC and the CTCN, and their reporting lines; b) The governance structure and terms of reference for the CTCN; c) The procedure for calls for proposals and the criteria to be used to evaluate and select the host of the CTCN; d) The potential links between the Technology Mechanism and the financial mechanism; and e) Consideration of additional functions for the TEC and CTCN.

22 For more information Thank you